13 - CH74,80 - Starting & Ignition System

SECTION 13 - STARTING AND IGNITION SYSTEM
(ATA Chapters 74 and 80)

© Rolls-Royce plc 2003
Trent 700 Line Maintenance Starting and Ignition Systems
Powerplant Electrical Connections
The diagram opposite details the electrical wiring diagram for

units located in and around the fan case of the engine. The
units identified are discussed in this section of the course
notes.
Units relative to this section
Units not relative to this section
Revision 6.0 Page 13 - Electrical

3028VC
3804VC
3030VC 4069KS T/R DCU J23 J3
Pylon/EEC Suitcase (Channel B)
T/R 3rd lock TAI HP Channel A
suitcase Switch Dsicon. 3001VC
A
discon 4070KS 4072KS P/T20
A Nosecowl
PCU OPU Discon.
J4
J22 (Channel A)
A
4005KS
Start Air
Valve B A A 3002VC
3010VC
Fancase/core P/T20
Fancase/core Discon. Nosecowl
Discon. Discon.
A A
4166KS 3009VC
T/R Ground
Safety
Switch JA1 B 4117KS
JA2 JA5 A Isol.Valve
JA3 Press.SW
A
4041KS JA4
Main Oil
Filter - Diff EEC
JA7 JA6
Press.Switch 4000KS
JA8 3024VC
3026VC JA9 Junct.box
Junct.box JA10 Suitcase
A Suitcase Discon.
4060KS1 Discon.
Oil Press.
Xmitr 4060KS2 A
Oil Press. 3801VC 3029VC
Xmitr 3006VC
Pylon- T/R DCU
N1/N2 (T) 3 EEC suitcase
A Discon. Channel B Discon.
4071KS B
FMU
B J4
J2
J1 J3 A A B
4018KS2 A A
4073KS 4073KS 4042KS1
TFuel
AOHE AOHE Oil Temp 4043KS 4076KS 4075KS
LVDT Torque T/Couple Fuel 4050KS
A B Scav Oil Fuel Low
Motor Filter Oil Qty Filter - Press.
DPSwitch Xmitr Switch Switch
4010KS
4018KS1 4042KS2
Fuel Flow
TFuel Oil Temp
xmtr
T/Couple
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Starting Electrical Connections (1)
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Section Objectives
On completion of this section, you should be able to:
• Identify the sources of air available to start
a Trent 700 engine.
• Describe the major components in the
engine starting system.
• Define the maintenance practices
applicable to the Trent 700 starting
system.

Introduction
The engine starting system provides the power Air to operate the air starter motor comes from one
which turns the HP rotor to a speed at which an of three sources:-
engine start can occur.
. A ground air supply.
The system comprises:- . The auxiliary power unit (A.P.U.).
. The other running engine.
. An air starter motor
. A start control valve Ignition is provided by two ignition plugs which can
. Air ducting be operated together or individually. The operation
. Dual ignition system of one igniter plug is called single ignition, the
. Start control panels in the flight deck operation of both igniters is called dual ignition.
Single ignition is used for the first successful
Air is used to turn a turbine in the starter motor automatic ground start. Dual ignition is used for
which provides the torque at the starter output shaft. in-flight starts, auto-relight, for continuous ignition
The starter motor being fitted to the front face of the and for manual starts on the ground.
external gearbox turns the gears and drives a drive
shaft which spans the by-pass casing to the gas The E.E.C. controls the opening and closing of the
generator that will turn the HP rotor. start control valve and the electrical supply to the
ignition units through the PCU.
To start the engine it is necessary to:-
. Rotate the engine to induce an airflow

through.
. Provide the correct quantity of fuel to the
combustion chamber.
. Ignite the resultant air/fuel mixture.


Starting System
The starter air duct flanges are connected together

by 'V' band coupling clamps. Air leakage is
prevented by the 'E' type seals that are located
between the mating flanges. There are two flexible
joints which let the engine move in relation to the
aircraft pylon, to prevent damage to the ducts. These
flexible joints also help align the pylon duct with the
aircraft duct.


Description
Air Starter Motor
The air starter motors primary components consist The clutch mechanism has pawls which engage with
of:- the ratchet gear to turn the output shaft. When the
engine has reached self sustaining R.P.M. the
. A turbine rotor output drive shaft is turning faster than the ring gear
. A reduction gear configuration carrier and centrifugal force disengages the clutch
. A clutch mechanism pawls from the ratchet gear.
. An output drive shaft
These components are contained in a case which

includes a containment ring, an air intake and an
exhaust. The containment ring is made to contain a
failure of the turbine rotor. The air starter motor also
has an oil filler plug, an oil level sight glass and drain
plug. The drain plug has a magnetic chip detector
(M.C.D.).
Air entering the air inlet will turn the turbine rotor at
high speed with low torque, the reduction gears
reduce the speed to the output drive shaft. This
reduction in speed produces high torque to the
output drive shaft. The torque is transmitted through
the ratchet gear on the ring gear carrier to the clutch
mechanism.


Description
Start Control Valve
The start control valve controls the flow of air to the

air starter motor. The solenoid contains a double coil
assembly which is controlled by electrical signals
from the E.E.C. One coil is connected to lane 'A' of
the E.E.C., the other to lane 'B'.
The valve also contains a butterfly valve operated

through linkage by two air operated pistons. An
extension of the butterfly shaft has a visual control
valve position indicator. The control valve position
indicator operates two micro switches one is
connected to lane 'A' the other to lane 'B' to give
indication to the E.E.C. of the valve position. Also
the extension is a square socket to permit manual
operation of the butterfly valve.


Operation
Allied-Signal Start Control Valve To close the start control valve
The primary components of the start control valve When the electrical power is removed from
are as follow:- the solenoid, the spring loaded plunger
• A valve assembly closes the air supply to the rate control servo.
• An actuator assembly At the same time the ball opens the vent and
• A rate control servo the air pressure on the piston is released.
• A solenoid The actuator spring on the piston then closes
the butterfly valve. The actuator spring will
To open the start control valve also close the butterfly valve if there is a
decrease in air pressure upstream of the
Air from immediately upstream of the butterfly butterfly valve.
valve is filtered and goes to the solenoid.
When the solenoid is energised, the spring
loaded plunger opens to let air get to the rate
control servo. At the same time the ball valve
closes the vent. The rate control servo
supplies air to the piston which controls the
rate at which the valve opens. The air
pressure on the piston is more than the force
on the actuator spring so it will move the
piston and compress the actuator spring. As
the piston moves with the shaft, the torsion
spring moves to open the butterfly valve.


Ignition System
Introduction
The ignition distribution system is in two parts, each

part has an ignition unit, an ignition lead and an
igniter plug.
The ignition units are mounted on bracket

assemblies on the lower left hand side of the L.P.
compressor case. The leads span the by-pass
casing inside the lower bifurcation to the igniter
plugs. The igniter plugs are adjacent numbers 10
and 16 fuel spray nozzles.
Description
Ignition Units
Each unit has a case assembly and an ignition

exciter. An input of 115 volts 400 Hz A.C. power is
supplied by the aircraft electrical system. This supply
is transmitted to a relay in the Power Control Unit
(P.C.U.) which is controlled by the E.E.C.
The exciter is a capacitive discharge circuit. The

exciter changes the input voltage to an output
voltage of 2.7 to 2.9 K volts. Energy is stored in the
ignition unit at 8 to 11.3 joules. This energy is
released by the exciter at the rate of 60 to 135
sparks per minute.


Description
Igniter Plugs
The igniter plug is a surface discharge type. It has a

body and a ground electrode, it also has a centre
wire with a centre electrode at the tip. The centre
wire is sealed with glass and has insulation along its
length.
The space between the centre electrode and the

ground electrode is filled with a semi-conductive
material. The igniter plug has a contact button which
touches the contact button in the ignition lead.
Operation
When the ignition system is energised an electrical

current flows through the centre wire and the centre
electrode of the igniter plug. The current flows
through the semi conductor to the ground electrode.
This current produces a magnetic field which ionises
gas near the igniter tip. This gives a low resistance
path for the energy from the ignition unit and a pulse
of energy occurs. The energy pulse gives a high
energy spark from the centre electrode to the outer
electrode. The electrical current flows through the
igniter plug body and to the outer conductor of the
ignition lead and on to the ignition unit case.


Engine Start Control and Indication
The start controls consist of the following:- Rotary Selector
. Two master switches (levers) The rotary selector valve can be used in conjunction
. A rotary selector with the master switch and manual start push button
. Manual start push buttons to perform engine dry cranking, wet cranking, Pilot
control starting sequence, automatic starting and
The 'MAN START' button incorporates a blue 'ON' continuous ignition.
legend and is normally in the released position with
'ON' legend off. Pressing the switch will open the Manual Start Push Button
start control valve and illuminate the 'ON' legend.
The amber 'FAULT' warning light will illuminate when Selection of the manual start push button enables
a disagreement occurs between the start control the pilot to perform alternative engine starting i.e.
valve position and that commanded by the E.E.C. in manual start.
the 'AUTO' mode.
Master Switch
This switch is for the pilot to use as a master

'ON/OFF' switch for the engine.
. 'OFF' POSITION P.R.S.O.V. commanded

closed. F.A.D.E.C. system will behave as it
would in the de-powered state.
. 'ON' POSITION The E.E.C. will be able to
control the P.R.S.O.V. position, and the
F.A.D.E.C. system will perform engine
control functions.


Starting
During the starting sequence, the ignition and

starting parameters are displayed. During the start
sequence the nacelle temperature indications are
replaced by the following:-
. Ignition (A, B or AB).

. Start control valve position.
. Air pressure to the starter.


Electronic Control
Engine Interface Vibration Monitoring Unit

(E.I.V.M.U.)
This unit is located in the aircraft avionics bay. It

receives discrete electrical signals from the flight
deck. These signals are digitised and transmitted to
the E.E.C. The unit also sends discrete signals to
close the air conditioning pack flow valves and to
accelerate the auxiliary power unit (A.P.U.) if
required.
Engine Electronic Controller (E.E.C.)
Generates starter control valve opening and closing

signals from information received from the rotary
selector, master switch, manual start push button
and N3 signal.
The E.E.C. also generates warning and caution

messages for display in the flight deck through the
Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitoring System
(E.C.A.M.)


Start Procedures
Pre-Start This control is not available during manual start and

conventional pilot monitoring is required. Start abort
. Thrust Lever - Idle in both modes can be made by placing master
. Master Switch - Off switch to the 'OFF' position.
. Rotary Selector - Norm
. Manual Start Button - Off Dry Cranking (Rotation)
. Aircraft Booster Pumps - On
. Rotary Switch - Crank
Auto Start . Manual Start Button - On
. Engine Accelerates to Maximum Motoring
. Rotary Switch - Ign Start Speed
. Master Switch - On
. After Successful Start Rotary Switch - Norm During dry crank the starter motor operates but the
P.R.S.O.V. and both ignition systems remain
Manual Start inoperative.
. Rotary Switch - Ign Start Wet Cranking (Motoring)

. Manual Start Button - On
. When N3 reaches a pre-determined speed . Rotary Selector - Crank
pilot put master switch to On . Manual Start Switch - On
. After successful start Rotary Switch - Norm . Master Switch - On
. Manual Start Button - Off
During wet crank the selection of the master switch
NOTE: During auto start the E.E.C. monitors engine opens the P.R.S.O.V. but because crank is selected
speed and E.G.T. if hung or hot starts are detected, ignition is inoperative.
the P.R.S.O.V., start control valve, and ignition are
automatically shut off.

Start Procedures
In-Flight Re-Lighting Automatic start following 'flame out' will never be

automatically initiated by the E.E.C., but will be
Both automatic and alternative starting is available commanded by the pilot.
for in-flight re-lighting. The selection of switches is
the same as on the ground.
When alternative start is selected the E.E.C. will

always command starter assistance.
When automatic start is selected the E.E.C. will

determine, based on flight envelope and engine
parameters, whether a starter assisted start or a
windmilling start is required.
The E.E.C. will receive a signal from the E.I.V.M.U.

as to flight/ground status. The E.I.V.M.U. receives its
signal from the Landing Gear Control Interface Unit
(L.G.C.I.U.).
Continuous Ignition
Move rotary switch 'NORM' to 'IGN START'.
Automatic Re-Light
The F.A.D.E.C. system detects 'flame out' conditions

by low combustion chamber pressure and a change
in HP shaft speed. The E.E.C. will select dual
ignition while conditions last and for 10 seconds
afterwards.

Maintenance Practices
Igniter Plug Removal/Installation CAUTION

Do not bend the ignition lead too much when
NOTE you disconnect the electrical connector. The
Only warnings that are applicable to the ignition lead can be damaged and can cause
ignition system and have not been previously electrical circuit failure.
mentioned appear on this page.
. Open fan cowl doors.
WARNING . Open C-ducts.
You must not touch the ignition units for at . Disconnect input lead connector to ignition
least 3 minutes after you have pulled the unit.
applicable circuit breakers. The engine . Disconnect and remove ignition lead.
ignition system uses very large voltages which . Using socket wrench UT1152 remove igniter
are dangerous. The electricity is sufficiently plug.
strong to cause an injury or kill you. . Fit blanks, covers, and plugs to all openings
and electrical connectors.
WARNING . If the igniter plug is to be used in the same
You must isolate the power supply at least 3 position again, keep the adjusting washers. If
minutes before you do work on the ignition a different igniter plug is to be used a depth of
system. This will allow the system current to immersion check is required as explained
decrease to a safe value. later.
The ignition system current is very large and

can cause injury or kill you.


Igniter Plug Removal/Installation Continued

Installation of the igniter plug is straight forward but
Before installation of the igniter plug use the remember the following points:-
protrusion gauge HU38434 as follows:-
. Apply dry film lubricant to the threads of the
. Move the locking collar, locating plate and igniter plug (OMat 4/20).
body up against the indicator and install the . If the same igniter plug is being fitted in the
protrusion gauge in the applicable igniter plug same position, fit the same adjusting
hole. Make sure indicator notch points to rear washers.
of engine. . Use correct socket wrench UT1152 and
. Carefully move the indicator until probe foot torque load.
touches igniter sleeve. Use the probe foot to . Clean ignition lead contact button with OMat
feel if the igniter sleeve is in the correct 5/43 emery paper, remove dust with a clean
position and has not become loose. If the lint free cloth.
igniter sleeve is not in the correct position or . Connect the ignition lead and torque load.
has become loose - reject the engine. Safety the ignition lead with OMat 238
lockwire.
CAUTION . If a different igniter plug is being installed then
Remove protrusion gauge carefully to prevent a depth of immersion check is required.
damage to combustion chamber coating.


Igniter Plug Depth of Immersion Check
a. Set protrusion gauge HU38434 to the igniter . Measure dimension 'X' again (Step 3) take the
plug depth (Step 1) as follows:- initial dimension 'X' from the new dimension
'X'. The result is the thickness of adjustment
. Remove any adjustment washers. washer(s) necessary to get the correct igniter
. Put the igniter plug against protrusion gauge immersion.
(Step 1) and measure dimension 'X' with a . Fit the minimum number of adjustment
depth gauge. washers to give a thickness of between 0.265
and 0.280 in. (6,72 and 7,12 mm).
b. Install protrusion gauge HU38434 to engine
(Step 2) as follows: c. Remove the protrusion gauge:-
CAUTION . Loosen the locking collar and push the

Install protrusion gauge carefully to prevent indicator down, turn the indicator until the
damage to the combustion liner. notch points to the rear of the engine and
remove the protrusion gauge.
. Move the locking collar, the locating plate and . Install the igniter plug with the adjustment
the body up against the indicator. washers in the applicable igniter plug
. Install protrusion gauge into the applicable hole (see removal/installation procedure).
igniter plug location hole. Ensure indicator
notch points to the rear of the engine. NOTE: You must always use the 0.13in
. Ensure the arrow on the locating plate points (3,20mm) washer in the adjustment.
to the front of the engine and the locating
plate aligns with one of the three bolts.
. Turn indicator until the notch points to the
front of the engine.
. Carefully pull the indicator up until the probe
foot touches the combustion liner.
. Lightly tighten the locking collar.


Filling the Starter Motor Oil System
NOTE NOTE
Only warnings that are applicable to the Only oil approved by Rolls-Royce can be
starting system and have not been previously used in the starter motor. It is the same oil as
mentioned appear on this page. used in the engine lubrication system and is
listed in Chapter 5 of these course notes.
WARNING
You must be careful when you move the . Open left hand fan cowl door.
starter motor because it weighs 46lb (20.8 . Remove oil filler plug, discard sealing ring.
Kg), an injury can occur. . Add approved oil until correct level is shown
on the sight glass.
WARNING . Fit new sealing ring to oil filler plug.
Air pressure in the starter motor duct could . Fit oil filler plug and torque load.
cause injury to persons if it is not released . Wire lock filler plug.
before dismantling air duct. Air must be . Close left hand fan cowl door.
released before dismantling air duct.
(1) Make sure the external air supply is

disconnected from the bleed air system and
the Auxiliary Power Unit (A.P.U.) is shut
down.
(2) Put a tool into the square socket to

manually open the butterfly of the starter
control valve. This will release any air
remaining in the air duct.


Maintenance practices
Starter Removal/Installation
. Align master splines on starter motor and
. Open fan cowl doors. adapter by keeping the oil drain plug at
. Disconnect vee clamp and remove lower bottom dead centre when installing the starter
starter duct and E-seals. motor.
. Support starter motor and remove Quick . Fit Q.A.D. clamp and torque load.
Attach Detach (Q.A.D.) clamp. . Install lower starter duct ensuring E-seals
. Move starter forward to disengage Q.A.D. have been fitted correctly.
adapter splines and starter splines. . Fit vee clamps and torque load.
. Remove starter motor and discard sealing . Fill starter motor oil system.
ring. . Close fan cowl doors.
. Fit applicable blanks/caps over all openings.
NOTE
If it is necessary to remove Q.A.D. adapter it is not a There is a correct procedure for fitting the
difficult job but remember the following points. Q.A.D. and vee clamps which must be
adhered to. The procedure is shown in
. There is a sealing ring between adapter and Standard Practices Chapter 70 of the AMM.
gearbox that needs to be replaced.
. There is a dowel to ensure correct location. NOTE
. Apply a thin film of approved jointing The serviceability of the E-seals must be
compound to mating surfaces when refitting. checked before fitting. This check is shown in
Standard Practices Chapter 70 of the AMM.
Installation of starter motor is carried out as follows:-
. Remove blanks/caps from openings.

. Fit new sealing ring.


Starter Control Valve Removal/

Installation
. Fit vee clamps and torque load.
• Open fan cowl doors. . Remove blanks/caps from electrical
. Disconnect vee clamps and remove lower connectors.
starter duct and E-seals. . Connect the electrical connectors.
. Fit blanks/caps over openings. . Close fan cowl doors.
. Disconnect electrical connectors and fit
blanks/caps. NOTE
. Hold starter control valve and disconnect vee There is a correct procedure for fitting vee
clamp and E-seals. clamps which must be adhered to. The
. Remove starter control valve. procedure is shown in Standard Practices
. Fit blank/caps to all openings. Chapter 70 of the AMM.
Installation of the starter control valve is carried out NOTE

as follows:- The serviceability of the E-seals must be
checked before fitting. This check is
. Remove blanks/caps from all openings. shown in Standard Practices Chapter 70 of
. Fit starter control valve to upper air starter the AMM.
duct ensuring E-seals have been fitted
correctly. NOTE
. Make sure arrow on the valve body is pointing Using an inspection light and mirror examine
in the direction of airflow and that the marks the air ducts for security of attachments.
on the duct and control valve are aligned. Examine support links for damage, wear and
. Fit vee clamp and torque load. loss of adjustment. Examine ducts for leaks,
. Install lower air duct ensure E-seals have cracks and dents. Damage accept/reject limits
been fitted correctly. standards are given in the AMM.


End of Section

13 - CH74,80 - Starting & Ignition System

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13 - CH74,80 - Starting & Ignition System

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SECTION 13 - STARTING AND IGNITION SYSTEM

(ATA Chapters 74 and 80)

Powerplant Electrical Connections

The diagram opposite details the electrical wiring diagram for

Units relative to this section

Units not relative to this section

Revision 6.0 Page 13 - Electrical

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. Rotate the engine to induce an airflow

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The starter air duct flanges are connected together

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Air Starter Motor

These components are contained in a case which

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Start Control Valve

The start control valve controls the flow of air to the

The valve also contains a butterfly valve operated

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Allied-Signal Start Control Valve To close the start control valve

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The ignition distribution system is in two parts, each

The ignition units are mounted on bracket

Each unit has a case assembly and an ignition

The exciter is a capacitive discharge circuit. The

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The igniter plug is a surface discharge type. It has a

The space between the centre electrode and the

When the ignition system is energised an electrical

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Engine Start Control and Indication

The start controls consist of the following:- Rotary Selector

This switch is for the pilot to use as a master

. 'OFF' POSITION P.R.S.O.V. commanded

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During the starting sequence, the ignition and

. Ignition (A, B or AB).

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Engine Interface Vibration Monitoring Unit

This unit is located in the aircraft avionics bay. It

Engine Electronic Controller (E.E.C.)

Generates starter control valve opening and closing

The E.E.C. also generates warning and caution

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Revision 6.0 Page 13 - 22

Pre-Start This control is not available during manual start and

. Rotary Switch - Ign Start Wet Cranking (Motoring)

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In-Flight Re-Lighting Automatic start following 'flame out' will never be

When alternative start is selected the E.E.C. will