I.

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

A. USAGE
The Simple Present Tense can be used to refer to actions which occur at
regular intervals, also used in stating general truths. In addition, the Simple
Present Tense can be used when referring to printed material, and when
describing events portrayed in a book, film, or other work of art. (Simple Present
Tense dapat digunakan untuk merujuk pada tindakan yang terjadi secara
berkala, juga digunakan dalam menyatakan kebenaran umum. Selain itu, Simple
Present Tense dapat digunakan ketika merujuk pada materi cetak, dan ketika
menggambarkan peristiwa yang digambarkan dalam buku, film, atau karya seni
lainnya).
B. TIME SIGNAL
- Usually = Biasanya
- Sometimes = Terkadang
- Always = Selalu
- Often = Sering
- Every day = Setiap hari
- Every week = Setiap minggu
- Every month = Setiap bulan
- Every year = Setiap tahun
- Once a week = 1 x seminggu
C. PATTERN
- Nominal Sentence
For the subject You, They, We
(+) S + tobe (are) + O + Adverb
(-) S + tobe (are) + not + O + Adverb
(?) Tobe (are) + S + O + Adverb ?
For the subject He, She, It
(+) S + tobe (is) + O + Adverb
(-) S + tobe (is) + not + O + Adverb
(?) Tobe (is) + S + O + Adverb ?
For the subject I
(+) S + tobe (am) + O + Adverb
(-) S + tobe (am) + not + O + Adverb
(?) Tobe (am) + S + O + Adverb ?
- Verbal Sentence
For the subject I, You, They, We
(+) Subject + V-1 + O
(-) Subject + do not + V-1 + O
(?) Do + Subject + V-1 + O ?
For the subject He, She, It
(+) Subject + V-1 s/es + O
(-) Subject + does not + V-1 + O
(?) Does + Subject + V-1 + O ?
 D. EXAMPLES
Nominal Sentence
1. You are my last chance.
2. The Avengers is one of the most unforgettable movie that I’ve ever seen.
3. Life is so beautiful with love.
4. God is always be with us.
5. They are not students at architecture department.
Verbal Sentence
1. (+) The baby sister holds the baby in the balcony
(-) The baby sister does not hold the baby in the balcony
(?) Does the baby sister hold the baby in the balcony?
- Yes, the baby sister holds the baby in the balcony
- No, the baby sister does not hold the baby in the balcony
2. (+) You accept a salary once a month
(-)You do not accept a salary once a month
(?) Do you accept a salary once a month?
- Yes, I accept a salary once a month
- No. I do not accept salary once a month
3. (+) Usually, I see you standing there
(-) Usully, I do not see you standing there
(?) Do I see you standing there?
- Yes, you see me standing there
- No, you do not see me standing there
4. (+) Sarah knows what you want to ask
(-)Sarah does not know what you want to ask
(?) Does Sarah know what you want to ask?
- Yes, she knows what I want to ask
- No, she does not know what I want to ask
5. (+) I wake up at 5 in the morning everyday
(-) I do not wake up at 5 in the morning everyday
(?) Do I wake up at 5 in the morning everyday?
- Yes, you wake up at 5 in the morning everyday
- No, you do not wake up at 5 in the morning everyday
II. PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE
A. USAGE
The Present Continous Tense is usually used to express continuing, ongoing
actions which are taking place at the moment. (Present Continuous Tense
biasanya digunakan untuk mengekspresikan tindakan berkelanjutan dan
berkelanjutan yang sedang berlangsung saat ini).

B. TIME SIGNAL
- Now = Sekarang
- At this moment = Saat ini
- Today = Hari ini
- This week = Minggu ini
- This year = Tahun ini
C. PATTERN
- Nominal Sentence
(+) S + to be (is, am, are) + Complement
(-) S + to be (is, am, are) + not + Complement
(?) To be (is, am, are) + S + Complement?
- Verbal Sentence
For the subject You, They, We
(+) S + to be (are) + Verb I-ing + O + Complement
(-) S + to be (are) not + Verb I-ing
(?) To be (are) + S + Verb I-ing ?
For the subject He, She, It
(+) S + to be (is) + Verb I-ing + O + Complement
(-) S + to be (are) not + Verb I-ing + O
(?) To be (is) + S + Verb I-ing + O ?
For the subject I
(+) S + to be (am) + Verb I-ing + O + Complement
(-) S + to be (am) not + Verb I-ing + O
(?) To be (am) + S + Verb I-ing + O ?
D. EXAMPLES
Nominal Sentence
1. My location is unknown at this moment.
2. The ironman is in the cinema studio right now.
3. Maya is at school now.
4. Her mother is a teacher at the college this year.
5. They are students at architecture department this month.
Verbal Sentence
1. (+) You are planning to get on one knee now.
(-)You are not planning to get on one knee now
(?) Are you planning to get on one knee now?
- Yes, I am / Yes, you are.
- No, I am not / No, you are not.
2. (+) I am visiting my aunt today
(-) I am not visiting my aunt today
(?) Am I visiting my aunt today?
- Yes, you are.
- No. you are not.
3. (+) Maya is trying to find her way back home.
(-) Maya is not trying to find her way back home
(?) Is Maya trying to find her way back home?
- Yes, she is.
- No, she is not.
4. (+) They are doing a Science project right now
(-) They are not doing a Science project right now
(?) Are they doing a Science project right now?
- Yes, they are.
- No, they are not.
 5. (+) Anas is watching the birds fly across the sky
(-) Anas is not watching the birds fly across the sky
(?) Is Anas watching the birds fly across the sky?
- Yes, he is
- No, he is not.

III. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

A. USAGE
The Present Perfect Tense is used to describe action or situation that started
in the past and continues in the present, action performed during a period that
has not yet finished, repeated action in an unspecified period between the past
and now,action that were completed in the very recent past, expressed by 'just',
and when the precise time of the action is not important or not known. (Present
Perfect Tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan tindakan atau situasi yang
dimulai di masa lalu dan berlanjut di masa sekarang, tindakan yang dilakukan
selama periode yang belum selesai, tindakan berulang dalam periode yang tidak
ditentukan antara masa lalu dan sekarang, tindakan yang diselesaikan pada masa
lalu yang sangat baru, diungkapkan oleh “just”, dan ketika waktu yang tepat
dari tindakan tidak penting atau tidak diketahui).
B. TIME SIGNAL
- Just = Baru saja
- Already = Sudah
- All my life = Sepanjang hidupku
Never = Tidak pernah
Since = Sejak
C. PATTERN
- Nominal Sentence
(+) S + Has, Have + been + Complement
(-) S + Has, Have + been + not + Complement
(?) Has, Have + been + S + Complement Verbal Sentence?
- Verbal Sentence
(+) S + Has, Have + V3 + O + Complement
(-) S + Has, Have + not + V3 + O + Complement
(?) Has, Have + S + V3 + O + Complement?
D. EXAMPLES
Nominal Sentence
1. Rania has been in Malang since she studied Physics here.
2. It has been my pleasure to help you.Maya is at school now.
3. It has not been this cold in Indonesia
4. This place has been my working room since last two years.
5. Jeremy has never been to abroad before.
Verbal Sentence
1. (+) I have already eaten.
(-) I have not already eaten
(?) Have I already eaten?
- Yes, you have.
 - No, you have not.
2. (+) My dad has just washed his car
(-) My dad has not just washed his car
(?) Has my dad just washed his car?
- Yes, he has.
- No. he has not.
3. (+) Lisa has sent me a message.
(-) Lisa has not sent me a message
(?) Has Lisa sent me a message?
- Yes, she has.
- No, she has not.
4. (+) You have lied to your mother for many times
(-) You have not lied to your mother for many times
(?) Have you lied to your mother for many times?
- Yes, I have.
- No, I have not.
5. (+) Mark has worked in Google company for 12 years
(-) Mark has not worked in Google Company for 12 years
(?) Has Mark worked in Google Company for 12 years?
- Yes, he has.
- No, he has not.

IV. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE

A. USAGE
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense is used to talk about a continuous,
but not necessarily finished action or situation. (Present Perfect Continuous
Tense digunakan untuk membicarakan tindakan atau situasi yang
berkesinambungan, tetapi belum tentu selesai).
B. TIME SIGNAL
- Ever since = Sejak saat itu
- So far = Sampai saat ini
- Recently = Baru – baru ini
- For = Selama
- Since = Sejak
- Lately = Akhir – akhir ini
C. PATTERN
(+) S + has, have + been + Ving + O + Complement
(-) S + has, have + not + been + Ving + O + Complement
(?) Has, Have + S + been + Ving + O + Complement?
D. EXAMPLES
1. (+) You have been waiting here for two hours
(-) You have not been waiting here for two hours
(?) Have you been waiting here for two hours?
- Yes, I have
- No, I have not
 2. (+) She has been working at that company for three years
(-) She has not been working at that company for three years
(?) Has she been working at that company for three years?
- Yes, she has
- No, she has not
3. (+) James has been teaching at the university since June
(-) James has not been teaching at the university since June
(?) Has James been teaching at the university since June?
- Yes, he has
- No, he has not
4. (+) Recently, we have been feeling really tired
(-) Recently, we have not been feeling really tired
(?) Have we been feeling really tired recently?
- Yes, we have
- No, we have not
5. (+) He has been watching too much television lately
(-) He has not been watching too much television lately
(?) Has he been watching too much television lately?
- Yes, he has
- No, he has not
V. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
A. USAGE
The Simple Past Tense is used to talk about a complete action or state
that was in the past. For regular verbs, we make this tense by adding “ed” to the
end of the verb. (Simple Past Tense digunakan untuk membicarakan tindakan
atau keadaan lengkap yang ada di masa lalu. Untuk kata kerja reguler, kita
dengan menambahkan “ed” ke akhir kata kerja).
B. TIME SIGNAL
- This morning = Tadi pagi
- Yesterday = Kemarin
- 2 days ago = 2 hari yang lalu
- The other day = dulu
- … ago = … lalu
- Last night = tadi malam
C. PATTERN
(+)S + Verb-2
S + be (was/were) + ANA
(-)subject + did + not + Verb 1
S + be (was/were) + not + ANA
(?) Did + subject + Verb 1 + ?
Was / were + S + ANA?
D. EXAMPLES
1. +) They were student last year
-) they were not student last year
?) were they student last year?
Yes they are a student last year
 No, they aren’t a student last year
2. (+) The teacher went to the school yesterday
(- ) The teacher did not go to the school yesterday
(?) Did the teacher go to the school yesterday?
Yes , she go to the school yesterday
No, she not go to school yesterday
3. (+) Last year, he always worked until night.
(-) He did not go to school this morning.
(?) Did he pay the bill yesterday?
Yes, he did.
No, he did not.
4. ( + ) She wanted to go to the cinema yesterday.
( – ) She did not want to study Math yesterday.
( ? ) Did she want to study Math yesterday?
Yes, she want
No, she did not
5. ( + ) Last year we went to Malang.
( – ) Last year we didn’t go to Malang.
( ? ) Did we go to Malang last year?
Yes, you did go to Malang last year
No, you didn’t go to Malang last year
Nominal
1. (+) He was a scholar
(- ) He was not a scholar
(+) Was He a scholar ?

VI. PAST CONTINOUS TENSE

A. USAGE
Past Continuous Tense is used to express an action that was happening
in the past. It expresses a continued or ongoing action that may or may not be
completed in the past. Past Continuous Tense is also called past progressive
tense. Past Continuous Tense is made up of two main parts auxiliary verb
was/were and base form+ ing. (Past Continuous Tense digunakan untuk
mengekspresikan suatu tindakan yang terjadi di masa lalu. Ini mengungkapkan
tindakan berkelanjutan atau berkelanjutan yang mungkin atau mungkin tidak
diselesaikan di masa lalu. Past Continuous Tense juga disebut past progressive
tense. Past Continuous Tense terdiri dari dua bagian kata kerja bantu utama dan
bentuk dasar).
B. TIME SIGNAL
- at this time yesterday (pada jam ini kemarin, at this time last
night (pada jam ini semalam)
- at 5 am this morning (pada pukul 5 pagi ini)
- all day yesterday (sepanjang hari kemarin)
- in February (di bulan Februari)
C. PATTERN
 (+) S + be (was/were) + present participle (-ing)
(-) S + be (was/were) + not + present participle (-ing)
(?)be (was/were) + S + present participle (-ing)?
D. EXAMPLES
1. +)We were joking.
-) We were not joking.
?) Were we joking?
2. (+)He was speaking when I entered in room.
(-)He was not doing his homework at this time yesterday.
(?)Was he writing the letter to his parents when I was out last Tuesday?
Yes, he was. / No, he was not.
3. (+) He was sleeping
(-) He wasn’t sleeping
(?) Was he sleeping ?
Yes, he was
No, he wasn’t
4. (+) The people were waiting
(-) The people weren’t waiting
(?) Were the people waiting ?
Yes, he were
No, he weren’t
5. (+) I was shopping
(-) I wasn’t shopping
(?) Was I shopping ?
Yes, you was
No, you wasn’t
VII. PAST PERFECT TENSE
A. USAGE
The Past Perfect is used when two events happened in the past, with one
past action having occurred even before the other past action. To form the Past
Perfect, use “had” and the past participle of a verb in one part of the sentence.
Often, the regular past tense is used in the other part of the sentence. (The Past
Perfect digunakan ketika dua peristiwa terjadi di masa lalu, dengan satu
tindakan di masa lalu telah terjadi bahkan sebelum tindakan di masa lalu
lainnya. Untuk membentuk Past Perfect, gunakan “had” dan past participle dari
kata kerja di salah satu bagian kalimat. Seringkali, past past tense digunakan di
bagian lain kalimat).
B. TIME SIGNAL
By the end of ... (Menjelang akhri dari ... )
Before (Sebelum)
After (Sesudah)
As soon as (Secepatnya)
Until (Hingga)
C. PATTERN
(+)Subject + had + verb III + (past participle) + object
(-)Subject + had + not + verb III + object
(?)Had + subject + verb III + object ?
 D. EXAMPLES
1. +) I had listen the radio when you come here
-) I had not listen the radio when you come here
?) Had I listen the radio when you come here?
Yes, you had
No, yo had not
2. (+)He had finished his designs before he went to work yesterday.
(-)He had not been a high school student until last year.
(?)Had he entered the company before he achieved his master degree in
1990?
Yes, he had.
No, he had not.
3. (+)They had been here before 1945
(-)They had not been here before 1945
(?)Had they been here before 1945 ?
Yes, they had.
No, they had not.
4. (+)She had gone to Amsterdam when I called her
(-)She had not gone to Amsterdam when I called her
(?)Had she gone to Amsterdam when you called her ?
Yes, she had
No, she had not
5. (+)Sinta had studied English before she came to my house
(-) Sinta had not studied English before she came to my house
(?) Had Sinta studied English before she came to my house ?
Yes, Sinta had
No, Sinta had not
VIII. PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE
A. USAGE
The Past Perfect continuous tense is used to talk about longer actions or
situations which had continued up to the past moment that we are thinking
about. (Past Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk membicarakan tindakan
atau situasi yang panjang yang berlanjut hingga waktu lampau yang sedang kita
pikirkan).
B. TIME SIGNAL
For ( selama )
Since ( sejak )
C. PATTERN
(+)Subject + had + been + verb-ing + object
(-)Subject + had + not + been + verb-ing + object
(?)Had + subject + been + object ?
D. EXAMPLES
1. +)She had been helping me when they went to school
-)She had not been helping me when they went to school
?)Had she been helping me when they went to school?
 Yes, she had
No, she had not
2. (+)He said that he had been working here for ten years.
(-) He said that he had not been working here for ten years.
(?) Had he said that he had been working here for ten years?
Yes, He had
No. he had not
3. (+)He was told that his teacher had been waiting for him since 2 p.m
yesterday
(-)He was not told that his teacher had been waiting for him since 2 p.m
yesterday.
(?) Was he told his teacher had been waiting for him since 2 p.m
yesterday?
Yes, he was
No he was not
4. (+) He had been speaking for the whole class before I entered.
(-) He had not been speaking for the whole class before I entered.
(?)Had he been speaking for the whole class before I entered?
Yes, he had.
No, he had not.
5. (+)He had been living in Jakarta about ten years
(-) He had not been living in Jakarta about ten years.
(?) Had he been living in Jakarta about ten years?
Yes, he had
No, he had not
IX. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
A. USAGE
The Simple Future tense is a verb tense that is used to refer to the
future. This tense is commonly formed with the use of “will” and “shall” for an
activity that takes place in the future. (Simple Future tense adalah kata kerja
yang digunakan untuk merujuk ke masa depan. Bentuk ini biasanya dibentuk
dengan menggunakan “will” dan “shall” untuk kegiatan yang terjadi di masa
depan).
B. TIME SIGNAL
If (Jika)
When/While (Ketika)
Before (Sebelum)
After (Sesudah)
As soon as (Segera)
Until (Hingga)
Till (Hingga)
C. PATTERN
- (+) Subject + will/shall + Verb 1 + Object
(-) Subject + will/shall + not + Verb 1 + Object
(?) Will + Subject + Verb 1?
- (+) Subject + be + going to + Verb 1 + Object
(-) Subject + be + not + going to + Verb 1 + Object
 (?) Be + Subject + going to + Verb 1 + Object?
D. EXAMPLES
1. (+)He is going to be journalist after he graduate next year.
(-)He will not play computer games anymore because he understand how
harmful they are.
(?)Will he go to the cinema tomorrow with us?
Yes, he will.
No, he will not.
2. (+) I will leave it
(-) I will not leave it
(?) will I leave it ?
Yes, I will
No, I wil not
3. (+) I am going to leave it
(-) I am not going to leave it
(?) Am I going to leave it ?
4. (+) We shall go out
(-) We shall not go out
(?) Shall we go out?
Yes, we shall
No, we shall not
5. (+) My mother is going to cook Asian food
(-) My mother is not going to cook Asian food
(?) Is my mother going to cook Asian food ?
Yes,she is
No, she is not
X. FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSE
A. USAGE
Future continuous tense or future progressive tense is a form of verb used to
express an action that will be happening at a certain time in the future. The
action had begun but was not finished at the time.( Future continuous tense
atau future progressive tense adalah bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk
menyatakan aksi yang akan sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa depan.
Aksi tersebut telah dimulai tapi belum selesai pada saat itu.)

B. TIME SIGNAL

At this time next month ( pada saat seperti ini bulan depan )
At 7 o’clock tomorrow ( jam 7 besok )
Tomorrow morning ( beso pagi )

C. PATTERN
(+) S + Will/ Shall + be + present participle
(-) S + Will.Shall + be + present participle
(?) Will/Shall + S + be + present participle + ?
D. EXAMPLES
1. (+)I shall be eighteen years old in July
 (-) I shall not be eighteen years old in July
(?) Shall I be eighteen years old in July ?
Yes, I shall
No, I shall not
2. (+) I will be staying
(-) I wont be staying
(?) Will I be staying ? Yes, I will
(?) Wont I be staying ? No, I wont
3. (+)Reny will be working at the office when you arrive.
(-) Reny wont be working at the office when you arrive
(?) Will Reny be working at the office when you arrive ?
Yes, She will
No, She wont
4. (+) I will be having dinner with my family
(-) I wont be having dinner with my family
(?) Will I be having dinner with my famiy ?
Yes , I will
No, I wont
5. (+) I’ll be sleeping at 10 p.m
(-) I wont be sleeping at 10 p.m
(?) Will I be sleeping at 10 p.m ?
Yes, I will
No, I wont
XI. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
A. USAGE
B. TIME SIGNAL
C. PATTERN
D. EXAMPLES
XII. PAST FUTURE TENSE
A. USAGE
B. TIME SIGNAL
C. PATTERN
D. EXAMPLES
XIII. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
A. USAGE
B. TIME SIGNAL
C. PATTERN
D. EXAMPLES