PASSIVE VOICE

Passive voice adalah suatu grammatical construction (bentuk gramatikal)

dimana subject kalimat tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima aksi (sebagai receiver of
action). Aksi ditindaklanjuti oleh agent lain (sebagai doer of action) yang dapat disebutkan
ataupun tidak

Sebaliknya pada konstruksi active, subject berhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan
bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi

Passive voice dibentuk dari auxiliary verb dan past participle (verb-3).
auxiliary verb + past participle

Auxiliary verb yang digunakan pada passive voice dapat berupa:

 primary auxiliary verb “be” (is, are, am, was, were),
 kombinasi antara dua primary auxiliary verb (is/are being, was/were being, has/have been),
atau
 kombinasi primary auxiliary verb dan modal auxiliary verb (will be, will have been)

Mengubah Active Voice Menjadi Passive Voice

Active atau normal voice dapat diubah bentuknya menjadi passive voice (prosesnya
disebut passivization) dengan skema sebagai berikut.
active voice passive voice

subject (receiver of action)

+
auxiliary verb
subject (doer of action)
+
+ past participle (verb)
action verb
+/-
+ by … (doer of action)
object (receiver of action)
Rumus Passive Voice berbagai Tenses

tense active voice passive voice

simple present tense verb-1 am/is/are + verb-3

present continuous tense am/is/are + V-ing am/is/are + being +Verb-3

present perfect tense have/has + verb-3 have/has + been + verb-3

simple past tense verb-2 was/were + verb-3

past continuous tense was/were + V-ing was/were + being + verb-3

past perfect tense had + verb-3 had + been + verb-3

will + bare infinitive will + be + verb-3

simple future tense am/is/are going to + bare infinitive am/is/are going to + be + verb-3

future perfect tense will + have + verb-3 will + have + been + verb-3

Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice pada Beberapa Tense

I am paid in dollars.
1 (Saya dibayar dalam dollar.) simple present tense

My shoes are washed every month.

2 (Semua sepatu saya dicuci setiap bulan.) simple present tense

The book was edited by Beatrice Sparks.

3 (Buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.) simple past tense

The store will be closed.

4 (Toko itu akan ditutup.) simple future tense

The room is being cleaned now.

5 (Ruangan itu sedang dibersihkan sekarang.) present continuous tense
Penggunaan dan Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice

no active voice passive voice

Passive voice digunakan ketika doer of action tidak diketahui.

Someone knocked on your door last night. Your door was knocked on last night.
(Seseorang mengetuk pintumu semalam.) (Pintumu diketuk semalam.)

Somebody has used the computer without

permission. The computer has been used without
(Seseorang telah menggunakan komputer permission.
1 itu tanpa izin.) (Komputer itu telah digunakan tanpa izin.)

Passive voice digunakan ketika doer of action tidak penting untuk disebutkan (misalnya karena
pelaku aksi tersebut sudah jelas / bisa ditebak atau merujuk kepada orang secara umum).

You can view the final results on the

internet.
(Kamu dapat melihat hasil-akhirnya di The final results can be viewed on the web.
internet.) (Hasil akhirnya dapat dilihat di internet.)

People rarely do this intentionally.

(Orang-orang jarang melakukan ini dengan This is rarely done intentionally.
sengaja.) (Ini jarang dilakukan dengan sengaja.)

The teacher instructed the students to The students were instructed to solve the math
solve the math problem. problem.
(Guru itu memerintahkan para siswa untuk (Para siswa diperintahkan untuk menyelesaikan
2 menyelesaikan soal matematika.) soal matematika.)

Passive voice digunakan untuk memberi penekanan pada object.

Sunmark Press published The Enzyme

Factor at the first time in 2005. The Enzyme Factor was published at the first
(Sunmark Press mempublikasikan The time in 2005 by Sunmark Press.
Enzyme Factor pertama kali di tahun (The Enzyme Factor dipublikasin pertama kali di
2005.) tahun 2005.)

3 I have to collect more than 20,000 dollars More than 20,000 dollars have to be collected to
to buy the car. buy the car.
 (Saya harus mengumpulkan lebih (Lebih dari 20,000 dollar harus dikumpulkan
dari 20,000 dollar untuk membeli mobil untuk membeli mobil itu.)
itu.)

Passive voice digunakan sebagai variasi pada tulisan (misalnya pelaku aksi telah disebutkan
pada kalimat sebelumnya).

The investigators knew that she had

returned to Indonesia. They arrested her
yesterday.
(Para penyelidik tahu bahwa dia telah
kembali ke Indonesia. Mereka menahannya
4 kemarin.)
The investigators knew that she had returned to
Indonesia. She was arrested yesterday.
(Para penyelidik tahu bahwa dia telah kembali ke
Indonesia. Dia ditahan kemarin.)

Pengecualian pada Transitive Verbs

Tidak semua transitive verb, kata kerja yang memiliki direct object, dapat dipasifkan.
Beberapa kata kerja seperti have, become, lack, look like, dan mean akan terdengar tidak
wajar maknanya ketika dipasifkan.

Contoh Kalimat Verb yang Tidak Dapat Dipasifkan

I have a great new idea. tidak dapat dipasifkan menjadi A great new idea is had by
(Saya memiliki ide yang hebat.) me.

It contains only natural ingredients.

(Itu hanya mengandung bahan-bahan tidak dapat dipasifkan menjadi Natural ingredients are
alami.) contained by it.

1. I eat brown rice and green beans.

a. Brown rice and green beans is ate by me.
b. Brown rice and green beans is eaten by me.
c. Brown rice and green beans are ate by me.
d. Brown rice and green beans are eaten by me.

2. He rides a fixed-gear bike.

a. A fixed-gear bike is ridden by him.
b. A fixed-gear bike is rode by him.
 c. A fixed-gear bike are ridden by him.
d. A fixed-gear bike are rode by him.

3. They access the intranet.

a. The intranet are access by them.
b. The intranet is accessed by them.
c. The intranet are accessed by them.
d. The intranet is access by them.

4. She brings little money.

a. Little money is bring by her.
b. Little money are brought by her.
c. Little money is brought by her.
d. Little money are bring by her.

5. We need extra pillows.

a. Extra pillows are need by us.
b. Extra pillows is needed by us.
c. Extra pillows are needed by us.
d. Extra pillows is need by us.

6. He play the game.

a. The game is play by him.
b. The game is played by him.
c. The game are play by him.
d. The game are played by him.

7. My father reads a daily newspaper.

a. A daily newspaper is readed by my father.
b. A daily newspaper are read by my father.
c. A daily newspaper are readed by my father.
d. A daily newspaper is read by my father.

8. The customer service officers answer my questions.

a. My questions are answered by the customer service officers.
b. My questions is answered by the customer service officers.
c. My questions are answer by the customer service officers.
d. My questions is answered by the customer service officers.

9. Do the workers operate those tower cranes?

a. Is those tower cranes operated by the people?
 b. Are those tower cranes operate by the people?
c. Is those tower cranes operate by the people?
d. Are those tower cranes operated by the people?

10. The tower crane operators wear a hard hat.

a. A hard hat are wore by the tower crane operators.
b. A hard hat is worn by the tower crane operators.
c. A hard hat are worn by the tower crane operators.
d. A hard hat is wore by the tower crane operators.