FLAT SLABS

INTRODUCTION:→ Common practice of design and construction is to support the slabs by

beams and support the beam by columns this may be called as beam, slabs constructions. The
beams reduced the available net clear ceiling height. Hence in warehouses offices and public
halls sum times beams are avoided and slabs are directly supported by columns. This types
constructions is aesthetically appealing also . These slabs which are directly supported by
columns are called FLAT SLABS.

PROPERTIES OF FLAT SLAB S

IS 456-2000 [Clause 31.2] gives the following guide lines for proportioning.

Column Heads

Where column heads are provided that portion of the column head which lies within the largest
right circular cone or pyramid entirely within the the out line of the column and the column head
shall be consider for design purpose .

Thickness of Flat Slab

From the consideration of deflection control IS 456- 2000 specifies min thickness in terms of
span to effective depth ratio. For this purpose larger span to be considered if drop specified in
1.2.1 is provided , then the max. value of ratio of larger span to thickness shall be

= 40 if mild steel is used

= 32 if Fe 415 or Fe 500 steel is used

If drop are not provide or size of drop do not satisfy the specification 1.2.1 then the ratio shall
not exceed 0.9 times the value specified above

= 40 * 0.9 = 36 if mild steel is used

= 32 * 0.9 = 28.8 if HYSD bars are used

It is also specified that in no case the thickness of flat slab shall be less than 125 mm.

Drops

The drop when provided shall be rectangular in plan and have a length in each direction not less
then one third of panel in that direction . For exterior panel the width of drop at right angle to the
non continuous edge and measured from the centre line of the column shall be equal one half of
the width of drop for interior panel.
Determination of bending moment and shear force
For this IS 456 – 2000 permits use of any one of the following method

Direct design method

This method has the limitations that it can be used only if the following condition are fulfilled:

(1) There shall be min. of three continuous span in each direction .

(2) The panels shall be rectangular and the ratio of the longer span to shorter span within a
panel shall not be greater than 2.
(3) The successive span length in each direction shall not differ by more then one third of
longer span .
(4) The design LL shall not exceed three times the design DL.
(5) The end span must be shorter but not greater than the interior span.

Total Design Moment

The absolute sun of the positive and negative moment is each direction is given by

M0=WL0/8

Where
M0= Total moment
W= Design load on the area L2*L1
L0=Clear span extending from face to face of columns capitals, brackets or wall
Not less than 0.65L1
L1= Length of span in the direction of M0
L2= Length of span transverse to L1
In taking the value of L0, L1, L2

(1) Circular support shall be treated as square support having the same area square of size
0.886D
(2) When the transverse span of the panel on either side of the center line