Core-Log Integration

Geological Society Special Publications

Series Editors." A. J. FLEET
A. C. MORTON
A. M. ROBERTS
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY SPECIAL PUBLICATION NO. 136

Core-Log Integration
EDITED BY

P. K. H A R V E Y & M. A. L O V E L L
University of Leicester, UK

1998
Published by The Geological Society London
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 Contents
Preface vii

Measurement, sealing and calibration

BRISTOW, C. S. & WILLIAMSON,B. J. Spectral gamma ray logs: core to log calibration,
facies analysis and correlation problems in the Southern North Sea

CORBETT,P. W. M., JENSEN,J. L. & SORBIE, K. S. A review of up-scaling and cross-scaling

issues in core and log data interpretation and prediction

DUNCAN,A. R., DEAN,G. & COLLIE,D. A. L. Quantitative density measurements

from X-ray radiometry
17
HARVEY,P. K., BREWER,T. S., LOVELL,M. A. & KERR,S. A. The estimation of modal
mineralogy: a problem of accuracy in core-log calibration 25

LOVELL,M. A., HARVEY,P. K., JACKSON,P. D., BREWER,T. S. WILLIAMSON,G. &

WILLIAMS,C. G. Interpretation of core and log data-integration or calibration? 39

RAMSEY,M. H., WATKINS,P. J. & SAMS,M. S. Estimation of measurement uncertainty

for in situ borehole determinations using a geochemical logging tool 53

Physical and chemical properties

AHMADI,Z. M. & COE, A. L. Methods for simulating natural gamma ray and density
wireline logs from measurements on outcrop exposures and samples: examples from
the Upper Jurassic, England 65

HERRON,M. M. & HERRON,S. L. Quantitative lithology: open and cased hole

application derived from integrated core chemistry and mineralogy database 81

KINGDON, A., ROGERS, S. F., EVANS, C. J. (~¢ BRERETON, N. R. The comparison

of core and geophysical log measurements obtained in the Nirex investigation of
the Sellafield region 97

LAUER-LEREDDE,C., PEZARD,P. A., TOURON,F. & DEKEYSER,I. Forward modelling of

the physical properties of oceanic sediments: constraints from core and logs, with
palaeoclimatic implications 115

WADGE,G., BENAOUDA,D., FERRIER,G., WHITMARSH,R. B., ROTHWELL, R. G. &

MACLEOD, C. Lithological classification within ODP holes using neural networks
trained from integrated core-log data 129

Petrophysical relationships
BASTOS, A. C., DILLON, L. D., VASQUEZ,G. F. & SOARES,J. A. Core-derived acoustic,
porosity & permeability correlations for computation pseudo-logs 14I

DENICOL, P. S. & JING, X. D. Effects of water salinity, saturation and clay content on
the complex resistivity of sandstone samples 147

SAMWORTH, J. R. Complementary functions reveal data hidden in your logs 159

SHAKEEL, A. & KING, M. S. Acoustic wave anisotropy in sandstones with systems of

aligned cracks 173
vi CONTENTS

WIDARSONO,B., MARSDEN,J. R. & KING, M. S. In situ stress prediction using

differential strain analysis and ultrasonic shear-wave splitting 185

WORDEN, R. H. Dolomite cement distribution in a sandstone from core and wireline

data: the Triassic fluvial Chaunoy Formation, Paris Basin 197

WORTHINGTON,P. F. Conjunctive interpretation of core and log data through

association of the effective and total porosity models 213

Xu, S. & WHITE, R. Permeability prediction in anisotropic shaly formations 225

Integration of core and borehole images

GOODALL,T. M., Me~LLER,N. K. & RONNINGSLAND,T. M. The integration of
electrical image logs with core data for improved sedimentologicaI interpretation 237

HALLER,D. & PORTURAS,F. How to characterize fractures in reservoirs using

borehole and core images: case studies 249

JACKSON,P. D., HARVEY,P. K., LOVELL,M. A., GUNN, D. A., WILLIAMS,C. G. &
FLINT, R. C. Measurement scale and formation heterogeneity: effects on the integration
of resistivity data 261

LOFTS, J. C. & BRISTOW,J. F. Aspects of core-log integration: an approach using

high resolution images 273

MAJOR, C. O., PIRMEZ, C., GOLDBERG, D. & LEG 166 SCIENTIFICPARTY High-resolution
core-log integration techniques: examples from the Ocean Drilling Program 285

Applications and case studies

AYADI M., PEZARD, P. A., LAVERNE, C. & BRONNER, G. Multi-scalar structure
at DSDP/ODP Site 504, Costa Rica Rift, I: stratigraphy of eruptive products and
accretion processes 297

AYADI, M., PEZARD, P. A., BRONNER, G., TARTAROTTI, P. & LAVERNE, C.

Multi-scalar structure at DSDP/ODP Site 504, Costa Rica Rift, III: faulting and fluid
circulation. Constraints from integration of FMS images, geophysical logs and core data 311

BARCLAY,S. A. & WORDEN, R. H. Quartz cement volumes across oil-water contacts

in oil fields from petrography and wireline logs: preliminary results from the
Magnus Field, Northern North Sea 327

BREWER,T. S., HARVEY,P. K., LOVELL,M. A., HAGGAS,S. WILLIAMSON,G. &

PEZARD, P. A. Ocean floor volcanism: constraints from the integration of core and
downhole logging measurements 341

BOCKER, C. J., DELIUS, H., WOHLENBERG,J. • LEG 163 SHIPBOARDSCIENTIFICPARTY.

Physical signature of basaltic volcanics drilled on the northeast Atlantic volcanic
rifted margins 363

GONq:ALVES,C. A. & EWERT, L. Development of the Cote d'Ivoire-Ghana

transform margin: evidence from the integration of core and wireline log data 375

TARTAROTTI, P., AYADI, M., PEZARD, P. A., LAVERNE, C. & DE LAROUZII~RE,F. D.

Multi-scalar structure at DSDP/ODP Site 504, Costa Rica Rift, II: fracturing
and alteration. An integrated study from core, downhole measurements and borehole
wall images 391

Index 413
 Preface
Core and log measurements provide crucial information about subsurface formations. Their usage,
either for integration or calibration, is complicated by the different measurement methods employed,
different volumes of formation analysed, and in turn, the heterogeneity of the formations. While the
problems of comparing core and log data are only too well known, the way in which these data can
be most efficiently combined is not at all clear in most cases. In recent years there has been increased
interest in this problem both in industry and academia, due in part to developments in technology
which offer access to new types of information, and in the case of industry, pressure for improved
reservoir models and hydrocarbon recovery. The application of new numerical methods for
analysing and modelling core and log data, the availability of core scanning facilities, and novel core
measurements in both two and three dimensions, currently provide a framework for the development
of new and exciting approaches to core-log integration.
This Special Publication addresses some of the problems of core-log integration encountered by
scientists and engineers from both industry and academia. The diverse nature of the contributions in
this volume are an expression of the value and need to understand core and log measurements, and
the way in which they can be combined to maximum effect. Contributions range geologically from
hydrocarbon-bearing sediments in the North Sea to the volcanic rocks that form the upper part of
the oceanic crust. In order to constrain this diversity for presentation the volume has been divided
into five sections and starts with 'Measurement, scaling and calibration', 6 papers concerned purely
with aspects of core and,or log measurements themselves including cross-correlation, upscaling,
measurement uncertainty and accuracy. Subsequent sections include (2) 'Physical and chemical
p r o p e r t i e s ' - 5 papers, (3) 'Petrophysical relationships'-8 papers, (4) 'Integration of core and
borehole i m a g e s ' - 5 papers and (5) 'Applications and case s t u d i e s ' - 7 papers. All papers were
submitted in response to an open call for contributions so, within the constraints of work loads and
other factors, may be considered to represent a fair snapshot of recent developments in Core-Log
Integration.
The volume arises from a meeting of the Borehole Research Group of the Geological Society and
the London Petrophysical Society (London Chapter of the Society of Professional Well Log
Analysts) held in London in September 1996. The editors are particularly grateful to Gail
Williamson both for the organization of the meeting and for persistence in coaxing authors,
reviewers, and editors; also to Jo Cooke at the Geological Society Publishing House for her
continuous support in the production of this volume. We also wish to thank all those who undertook
the often arduous job of reviewing the manuscripts, and without whose help this volume would have
been that much poorer.

Peter K. Harvey & Michael A. Lovell

Leicester University