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1.

2 Your healthy, active body


1.2.2 A healthy, active lifestyle and your
cardiovascular system
Contents

Worksheets
Worksheet 1: Learning the parts of the circulatory system, Level A 112
Worksheet 1: Learning the parts of the circulatory system, Level B 113

Worksheet 2: The pathway of blood in the body, Level A 114


Worksheet 2: The pathway of blood in the body, Level B 115

Worksheet 3: Three types of blood vessels, Level A 116


Worksheet 3: Three types of blood vessels, Level B 117

Worksheet 4: The composition of blood, Level A 118


Worksheet 4: The composition of blood, Level B 119

Worksheet 5: Effects of exercise on the heart, Level A 120


Worksheet 5: Effects of exercise on the heart, Level B 121

Worksheet 6: Immediate effects of exercise on the performer, Level A 122


Worksheet 6: Immediate effects of exercise on the performer, Level B 123

Homework sheets
Homework 1: Interpreting a graph 124
Homework 2: Questions on the circulatory system 125

Extension sheets
Extension 1: Effects of exercise on the heart 126
Extension 2: Interpreting a graph 1 127
Extension 3: Interpreting a graph 2 128

Blank diagrams for labelling


The heart 129
The heart and double circulatory system 130

© Folens (copiable page) 1.2.2 A healthy, active lifestyle and your cardiovascular system 111
Worksheet 1: Learning the parts of the
circulatory system
Level A Student’s Book pages 155–156

Tasks
1 — Fill in all the labels on the diagram.

2 — Colour in the systemic and pulmonary systems. Remember that systemic systems carry blood from the heart to
the rest of the body and back again. Pulmonary systems carry blood from the heart to the lungs and back.

3 — In your own words, write two paragraphs on the function of the


cardiovascular system. Remember, the right side has
the pulmonary artery taking
deoxygenated blood away and
the left side has the pulmonary
vein bringing oxygenated blood
back to the heart.

112 1.2.2 A healthy, active lifestyle and your cardiovascular system © Folens (copiable page)
Worksheet 1: Learning the parts of the
circulatory system
Level B Student’s Book pages 155–156

Tasks
1 — Fill in all the labels on the diagram, using words from the word bank.

Word bank
Heart Blood vessels Blood
• Left atrium • Mitral valve • Pulmonary artery • Oxygenated blood
• Right atrium • Tricuspid valve • Pulmonary vein • Deoxygenated blood
• Left ventricle • Semi-lunar valve • Superior vena cava
• Right ventricle • Septum • Aorta

2 — Colour in the systemic and pulmonary systems. Remember that systemic


systems carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body and back again. Remember, the right side
Pulmonary systems carry blood from the heart to the lungs and back. has the pulmonary artery
taking deoxygenated
blood away and the left
side has the pulmonary
vein bringing oxygenated
blood back to the heart.

© Folens (copiable page) 1.2.2 A healthy, active lifestyle and your cardiovascular system 113
Worksheet 2: The pathway of blood
in the body
Level A Student’s Book page 159

Tasks
Deoxygenated blood Oxygenated blood
1 — Study the diagram. Track the pathway of blood in the body,
Pulmonary Pulmonary
starting at the heart leading into the pulmonary artery. artery carrying vein carrying
deoxygenated oxygenated
blood. blood.
2 — Complete the table below by listing a part of the circulatory
system and the pathway the blood takes. Three of the items
have been completed to help you.

Aorta takes
oxygenated
Superior vena blood to the
cava carries body.
deoxygenated
blood back to
the heart.

Part of circulatory system Pathway

1. Pulmonary artery Takes deoxygenated blood out of the heart.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6. Aorta Takes oxygenated blood away from the heart to the…

7.

8.

9.

10. Right ventricle Pumps blood out of the heart to the pulmonary artery.

114 1.2.2 A healthy, active lifestyle and your cardiovascular system © Folens (copiable page)
Worksheet 2: The pathway of blood in the body
Level B Student’s Book page 159
Deoxygenated blood Oxygenated blood

Pulmonary Pulmonary
Tasks artery carrying vein carrying
deoxygenated oxygenated
1 — Study the diagram. Track the pathway of blood in the blood. blood.
body, starting at the heart leading into the pulmonary artery.

2 — Complete the table below by listing a part of the circulatory


system and the pathway the blood takes, using statements
from the statement bank. Three of the items have been Aorta takes
completed to help you. oxygenated
Superior vena blood to the
cava carries body.
deoxygenated
blood back to
the heart.

Part of circulatory system Pathway

1. Pulmonary artery Takes deoxygenated blood out of the heart.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6. Aorta Takes oxygenated blood away from the heart to the…

7.

8.

9.

10. Right ventricle Pumps blood out of the heart to the pulmonary artery.

Statement bank
• Left atrium – oxygenated blood pumped to the… • Lungs – blood picks up oxygen and exits lungs
• Right atrium – pumps deoxygenated blood to the… via the…
• Left ventricle – takes oxygenated blood out of the • Pulmonary vein – takes oxygenated blood
heart. to the…
• Vena cava – takes deoxygenated blood back to the • Body – oxygen is used by working muscles and
heart. then to the…

© Folens (copiable page) 1.2.2 A healthy, active lifestyle and your cardiovascular system 115
Worksheet 3: Three types of blood vessels
Level A Student’s Book pages 156–157

Tasks
1 — Complete the table below by giving information on the three types of blood vessels.

Artery Capillary Vein

Walls are one cell thick

Takes blood to the heart

Mostly carries oxygenated blood

2 — In your own words, state why the design of each blood vessel suits its purpose.

Artery:

Capillary:

Vein:

116 1.2.2 A healthy, active lifestyle and your cardiovascular system © Folens (copiable page)
Worksheet 3: Three types of blood vessels
Level B Student’s Book pages 156–157

Task
There are seven statements
Complete the table below by giving information on the three types of blood for both arteries and veins, but
vessels. Use the statements in the statement bank to help you. Each only six for capillaries.
statement is used once.

Statement bank
• Fed by the arteries at one end • Has no pulse
• Has thin walls • Does not have valves
• Has a strong pulse • Works under low pressure
• Has a less elastic quality • Does not have valves
• Walls are semi-permeable • Carries deoxygenated blood
• Has valves • Blood enters at a high pressure
• Minute internal diameter • Has an elastic quality
• Takes blood away from the heart • Has thick walls
• Feeds the veins at the other end

Artery Capillary Vein

Walls are one cell thick

Takes blood to the heart

Mostly carries oxygenated blood

© Folens (copiable page) 1.2.2 A healthy, active lifestyle and your cardiovascular system 117
Worksheet 4: The composition of blood
Level A Student’s Book page 160

Tasks
1 — Link the two halves of each sentence together so that they make sense and form a true statement.

Red blood cells are called… …55 per cent of the volume of blood.

The main function of red blood cells… …is to transport oxygen.

In the red blood cells is haemoglobin; this …by going to the source of infection.
helps…

White blood cells protect the body… …the transportation of oxygen to the working muscles.

White blood cells are also called… …erythrocytes.

…in both the long bones and the lymph tissue of the
White blood cells are produced… body.

The platelets’ job is… …leukocytes.

Platelets are smaller parts… …to clot the blood.

Plasma is 90 per cent water and makes up… …the circulation between cells and tissue.

Plasma contains plasma proteins that help… …of larger cells.

2 — Write two sentences about each of the following:


• haemoglobin
• fibrinogen.

118 1.2.2 A healthy, active lifestyle and your cardiovascular system © Folens (copiable page)
Worksheet 4: The composition of blood
Level B Student’s Book page 160

Task
Look again at your workbook
Link the two halves of each sentence together so that they make sense and notes to remind you of the
form a true statement. Write each of them out in your workbook. ideas in the sentences.

Red blood cells are called…

The main function of red blood cells…

In the red blood cells is haemoglobin; this helps…

White blood cells protect the body…

White blood cells are also called…

White blood cells are produced…

The platelets’ job is…

Platelets are smaller parts…

Plasma is 90 per cent water and makes up…

Plasma contains plasma proteins that help…

…55 per cent of the volume of blood.

…is to transport oxygen.

…by going to the source of infection.

…the transportation of oxygen to the working muscles.

…erythrocytes.

…in both the long bones and the lymph tissue of the body.

…leukocytes.

…to clot the blood.

…the circulation between cells and tissue.

…of larger cells.

© Folens (copiable page) 1.2.2 A healthy, active lifestyle and your cardiovascular system 119
Worksheet 5: Effects of exercise on the heart
Level A Student’s Book pages 155–166

Task
When you have written each
Complete the paragraphs below by filling in the gaps. entry, read the whole sentence
and check that it makes sense.

At rest, the heart beats about . This is called the .

This provides enough to the muscles when they are not undertaking extra exercise. Every

heartbeat pumps blood out of the heart, this is called the . Over a minute, the total blood

pumped out of the heart is called the .

During exercise, the heart rate . The heart rate depends on the type of exercise. If it is easy, the

pulse goes up a little, if it is more intense then it rises further.

The maximum heart/pulse rate is calculated by the following formula: .

At rest, the stroke volume pumps about of blood. During exercise, this could increase to 130ml,

depending on fitness levels.

To calculate the cardiac output multiply the . This gives the amount

of blood ejected from the heart per minute. As the heart rate and stroke volume increase with exercise, so the

cardiac output will increase as well. After exercise, the blood returns to its resting rate. The time it takes to do this is

called the . A cool-down can help the body gradually return to the resting heart rate. This

takes about five minutes depending on the fitness level and type of cool-down.

120 1.2.2 A healthy, active lifestyle and your cardiovascular system © Folens (copiable page)
Worksheet 5: Effects of exercise on the heart
Level B Student’s Book pages 155–166

Task
When you have written each entry, read the
Complete the paragraphs below by filling in the gaps. whole sentence and check that it makes sense.
Use the statement bank to help you; they are used
Write the statements in pencil until you are sure
once only.
they are correctly placed.

At rest, the heart beats about . This is called the .

This provides enough to the muscles when they are not undertaking extra exercise. Every

heartbeat pumps blood out of the heart, this is called the . Over a minute, the total blood

pumped out of the heart is called the .

During exercise, the heart rate . The heart rate depends on the type of exercise. If it is easy, the

pulse goes up a little, if it is more intense then it rises further.

The maximum heart/pulse rate is calculated by the following formula: .

At rest, the stroke volume pumps about of blood. During exercise, this could increase to 130ml,

depending on fitness levels.

To calculate the cardiac output multiply the . This gives the amount

of blood ejected from the heart per minute. As the heart rate and stroke volume increase with exercise, so the

cardiac output will increase as well. After exercise, the blood returns to its resting rate. The time it takes to do this is

called the . A cool-down can help the body gradually return to the resting heart rate. This

takes about five minutes depending on the fitness level and type of cool-down.

Statement bank
• increases • recovery rate
• cardiac output • 85ml
• resting heart rate • 220 – age
• oxygen • 72 beats per minute
• stroke volume • stroke volume by the heart rate

© Folens (copiable page) 1.2.2 A healthy, active lifestyle and your cardiovascular system 121
Worksheet 6: Immediate effects of exercise
on the performer
Level A Student’s Book pages 165–166

Task
Look at the image below, which lists the effects that exercise has on the body. Fill in the gaps to complete the
sentences.

a) The f)
reddens when widen to let more blood
blood vessels through.
.

g) The
b) increases.
volume increases.

h) , a waste
product, is removed from
c) The body
the body and left on the
to rid itself surface of the skin.
of waste products.

i) Blood speeds up
to help control the

d) Red to stop
take the oxygen to
the working muscles.
exhaustion.

e) Working
j) More
is required by the working
produce heat. muscles.

122 1.2.2 A healthy, active lifestyle and your cardiovascular system © Folens (copiable page)
Worksheet 6: Immediate effects of exercise
on the performer
Level B Student’s Book pages 165–166

Task
Look at the diagram below, which lists the effects that exercise has on the body. Fill in the gaps to complete the
sentences. Use the words from the word bank to help you.

a) The f)
reddens when widen to let more blood
blood vessels through.
.

g) The
b) increases.
volume increases.

h) , a waste
c) The body product, is removed from
the body and left on the
to rid itself surface of the skin.
of waste products.

i) Blood speeds up
to help control the
d) Red
take the oxygen to to stop
the working muscles.
exhaustion.

e) Working
j) More
is required by the working
produce heat. muscles.

Word bank
• temperature • muscles • dilate
• salt • oxygen • blood cells
• stroke • heat • arteries
• sweats • heart rate • face

© Folens (copiable page) 1.2.2 A healthy, active lifestyle and your cardiovascular system 123
Homework 1: Interpreting a graph
Student’s Book pages 157–158

Task
Study the graph below and answer the questions labelled a to h.

210

180

150
Heartbeats per minute

120

90

60

30

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Time in minutes

a) What is the highest pulse rate?

b) What is the lowest pulse rate?

c) What is the resting heart rate?

d) Is the activity aerobic or anaerobic?

e) At what stage is the athlete working hardest?

f) How many minutes into the activity is the athlete working hardest?

g) How can you tell that the activity reaches a stage where the degree of difficulty is the same?

h) For how long does this stage of consistent effort last?

124 1.2.2 A healthy, active lifestyle and your cardiovascular system © Folens (copiable page)
Homework 2: Questions on the circulatory
system
Student’s Book pages 155–166

Task
Read each of the following questions carefully and answer them with full sentences.

a) When is the best time to take your resting heart rate?

b) Why is this the best time?

c) Which type of blood do arteries carry?

d) What is the exception to this rule?

e) What happens to the heart rate during exercise?

f) Why do these changes happen?

g) Which blood vessels take blood from the heart?

h) Which blood cells have the job of carrying oxygen?

© Folens (copiable page) 1.2.2 A healthy, active lifestyle and your cardiovascular system 125
Extension 1: Effects of exercise on the heart
Student’s Book pages 157–166

Tasks
1 — Simon has recently started exercising to improve his fitness. He has never studied Biology or GCSE PE and so
has no understanding of how his body reacts to exercise. He has several questions he needs answering:

1. “Why is my heart beating faster?”


2. “I can feel my heart beating and I don’t usually, why?”
3. “Why does my face go red?”
4. “After a while I start to perspire, what’s that all about?”
5. “When I lick my lips the perspiration is salty, why?”
6. “When I stop exercising my heartbeat slows down, why?”
7. “Why do I feel so hot?”

2 — Answer all of Simon’s questions in the space provided.

126 1.2.2 A healthy, active lifestyle and your cardiovascular system © Folens (copiable page)
Extension 2: Interpreting a graph 1
Student’s Book pages 157–158

Tasks
1 — Study the graph below, which shows the changing heart rate in a training session.

210

180

150
Heartbeats per minute

120

90

60

30

0
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51
Time in minutes

2 — Answer the following questions based on the graph above.

a) What is happening to the pulse between minutes:

i) 0–18?

ii) 18–34?

iii) 34–51?

b) Why is the X at 18 higher?

c) What kind of activity does the pulse pattern show?

d) What training method is being used?

e) Make a list of sportspeople that would use this method.

© Folens (copiable page) 1.2.2 A healthy, active lifestyle and your cardiovascular system 127
Extension 3: Interpreting a graph 2
Student’s Book pages 157–158

Tasks
1 — Study the graph below, which shows the changing heart rate in a training session.

210

180

150
Heartbeats per minute

120

90

60

30

0
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51
Time in minutes

2 — Answer the following questions based on the graph above.

a) What is happening to the pulse between minutes:

i) 0–18?

ii) 18–27?

iii) 39?

iv) 39–51?

b) Why is the X at 18 minutes higher?

c) What kind of activity does the pulse pattern show?

d) What training method is being used?

e) Make a list of sportspeople that would use this method.

128 1.2.2 A healthy, active lifestyle and your cardiovascular system © Folens (copiable page)
The heart

© Folens (copiable page) 1.2.2 A healthy, active lifestyle and your cardiovascular system 129
The heart and double circulatory system

130 1.2.2 A healthy, active lifestyle and your cardiovascular system © Folens (copiable page)

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