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Tiếp Cận 23 Phương Pháp Giải Nhanh Hiện Đại Hóa Học - Trần Văn Thanh PDF
Tiếp Cận 23 Phương Pháp Giải Nhanh Hiện Đại Hóa Học - Trần Văn Thanh PDF
Tiếp Cận 23 Phương Pháp Giải Nhanh Hiện Đại Hóa Học - Trần Văn Thanh PDF
Mg Mg 22,47 gam mudi X
7,44 gam rk > 7,44 gam } Fe }-—2A2e 2 > 4 (NO:0,01 +H,0:0,18mol
fe ° N, :0,01
Fe,0,
I=ols
cr :0,4
NH :0,01
NO} :0,01 sou o [MeO:a 24a+56b=6,32__ fa=0,1
POAT EEO ath 7 €,05:0,50” |40a+80b=9,6 ~ ]b=0,07
Fe™:
Fe:
Mg:a
By =2Ro +4.tyg +12By, +10. Mae Mo = 0,07} 2 | => 240+ 56b = 6,32
cr 30,4
NH; :0,01
2 29,4Tgam JNOS:001_, fety=0.07 _, [x= 0,01
Mg” :0,1 2x+3y=0,2~ |y=0,06
Fe ix
Fe ry
Cr :0,4
NH} :0,01
y 20,4
22,47gam JNOS #001) sgvo, mene 04 m= 58,48g
Mg?" :0,1 Ag:0,01
Fe**:0,01
Fe™ :0,06
Fe,0,:0,08| _woretsa ABC O.8 193,449
06 Ag:0,08
HC1:0,16
Cura
>} Fe:b }—™: 154,02 gam A {
Ore
[Cu(no,,
[Fe(NO,),
= fso.atmao-,0
=>} 2a+3b-2c=0,21.3 p=
188a+242b = 154,02
Ps(Cu :0,24 stant, [F@Cl, 10,44 ae
. Saeed eee aC 2 mn = 200,88
Fe,O, :0,15 CuCl, :0,15 Ag: 0,45
Dap dn A
FeCl, x Fe**
Cu(NO,),:y Fe"
24,018 gam:4 CMNO):¥ | onsnaner, y JFe NO! 4 HOH
Fe(NO,),:2 cu
Fe,0,:a Cr :3x 40.736
Aci = 8A-+4.ny9 = a=0,08 mol
—HLm, = 43,538 g=m,, +m, +m, = 56(x+2+0,08.3) + 64y + (3x +0.736).35,5
Fe™ :(x+z+0,08.3)
7 Ag :3.(x-+2+0,08.3)+2y
Z:4Cu"* 115,738 gam :
ee nd fa jesus
NO; :3.(x +2+0,08.3)+2y
430, 5x4 216y +3242 =11,85
162, 5x + 64y +562 =3,97.g 02 mot
= 1162,5x +188y +1802 =5,458 => {y= 0,006 mol = %m;,., =15,53%
430,5x +216y +324z=11,85} — [z=0,006 mol
Dap anD
iis H, :0,02
m(g) tang ote 62,605 gam Y : +0,17 mol 4CO, +H,0
N,0,
0,18
Cu: MeOH): ?x | pya:0,91
62,605 gam ry, Soe asses, 31,72 gam) Fe(OH), :0,18 { snuaie
Na* :0,045 mol SO} 20,455
Cu(OH), :y
ISO? :0,455 E
NH} :z
AgCl:0,91
= BaCl, :0,455 mol —>T—22 5 256, 04 g 4 Ag:0,18 mol
BaSO, :0,455
58x +98y =15,52 x=0,2
39 ]2x+2y+2=0,505 = 4y=0,04 $= yo = 2422002540104 _ 9 ag5
2
24x+64y+182=7,81 |2=0,025
yw |ees
—m + 0,045.85 + 0,455.98 = 62,605-+0,17.12.32.40,385.18= 27,28
pap an A
ete]
Mg
Fe,0, ect N,0
54, 24gam X Maco apy cossmeiz [Pl 40
Fe(NO,),
a=
oie
AgCl:2,24 11" :0,08
y 15 334,41 08 +NO:0,025Y:40
Ag:0,12 mol Fe* :0,18mol
my =111,44+0,08.36,5 =114,36—* 5 m,,. =182 = nyo =Imol
Ov =0,16 =
aromorz {%2028]_, [R+¥=0. _, [xeon
CO,:y[~ [x+2y-+1=1,08+0,04.3 ~ |y=0,04
Bio toan mol Hidro
008 — 0,04 mol
Bao todn mol nito suy ra
Fe(NO,), :a+0,04 —2a = 0,04+ 0,12.2=9 a=0,12 mol
Takei cb
Dycy =8.Mye0, +20, +10 yg +10My,9 +0,08=9 Np, o, = 0,06
= YMga, = 25,66%
Dap an A
(ere
Fe Fe FeC,2°™
16,48 gam :} Fe,O, sp-—“*-+16, 48 gam: } FeO aR +H, :0,08+H,0
Fe,0, Fe,0, h
Fe:0,08
| Feciossamt 08.
= 16,48 gam:} FeO: 0,1 | tie ee. Ae sens 2 =96938
Fe,0, :0,03 oe Ag
Dap én B
en
Fe :0,16
: }Cu** = 0,08
Fe:0.16 mol | wosuises yy A mg (AB bao |. gy,Jea*:0
Cu:0,08 mol fF 9m AgC1: 0,66 Ht :0,12
NO; :0,76 molDagio, =z = 0,76 = b+ 0,66 =9 b= 0,01mol = m=95,79g
NO:0,18mol
Dap an B
Fe* a
Fe*:b CuS:c
24,96 gam X 82 5H, :0,04+4Cu™ :¢ 85 98, 64 gam sie => 16b +96c = 8,64
er
H
2Fe™* +H,S— 2Fe™ +2H* +81
Feta
Fe':b i
cue —5_5NO:0,045 mol +139,04gam {xe ia Sn
CY :2a+3b+20+0,18 f
H’*:0,18 mol
395a +430, 5b + 2870 = 127,79.
ning = 2g +8 +2.my, = 9 TET aa ea 08 _ as abe2e 0,08
(2a+3b+2c—0, 08).8+56a+56b+ 64c = 24,96
=> Ta +80b+80c = 25,6
72a +80b+80c = 25,6 'a=0,2
16b+96¢ = 8,64 => 4b=0,06 > %m, =21,15%
395a+430,5b+287¢=127,79.| [c= 0,08
Dap nD ee
TE
Ag 4:0,045mol
AgCl J:1,5 mol
ny... = 0,045 + 0,045.3 = 0,18 mol
yy: 220,11 wom { Jenoroos mol
.72mol3) Mega book
x+3y+z=0,18+0,32=0,5mol
Bao toan mol oxi
Ay +62-+0,12.3=0,16-+0,72 = dy +6z.=0,52
4y +6z.=0,52 x =0,25
SOx-+232y +1802 =37,44}=> }y =0,07 = %Mgyo, =
x+3y+z=0,5 mol
3,38%
Dap in B
>
Mg Hy
14,88 gam: Fe,O, -—22 "430,05 gam dd X+0,06:)NO -+H,0°*™
Fe(NO,), NO,
AgCl:0,58 mol
30,05 gam dd X 222 484,31 gj A8CH058 mo
Ag:0,01
=0,01.3+0,01=0,04 mol; n*, = 0,04 mol
Fe™* :0,04
pee 3a+2b=0,46 083
a+ 2b =
24Cl 0,58 4 7 Yom, =17,01%
nae oS ane, 010557
HH :0,04
‘Mg :b
Dap én B
a>
FeCl, :0,08
Fe,0, FeO he
27,2 gam:{ Fe,0,|—>27,2 gam:} Fe,0,,—“#" 5 y ; a
ul
c © I
i i HCL
‘Tién hanh dién phan dung dich Y bang dién cyc tro dén Khi 6 catot bat déu cé khi thodt ra
thi ditng dign phan c6 nghia la
Fe* 1 5 Fe
0,08 > 0,08, 2cr Cl, +2e Y*
Cu +2e—>Cu a
a—2a—>a
mi, = 64a-+7la+0,04,71=13,64 = a =0,08 mol
ElFeCl, :0,08
FeO Fect FeO : 0,04 moll
27,2 gam:} Fe,O, |Et2my eee => 27,2 gam:4 FeO, :0,12
Cu: 0,08) : Cu: 0,08
HCI
Cho dung dich AgNO, dit vio dung dich sau ign phan:
FeCl, :0,28 mol__gvos _, FABCI:0,66
HCI:0,1 Ag:0,205
0,28 = 0,1.0,75+n4, = 4, = 0,205 => m 1=116,85 g
Dap an A
> Cau 57
Mg
MgO 0 ot FC 4
7.44 gam) pa soy 922,47 2am mudi X-+0,02 mol
° x
Fe,0,
: ° Fe,0.
22,47 xX L596 eer
gam madi XM L—£99,6 gam 1
Bao toan mol hidro ta tinh ra mol NH}
x _0,4-0,18.2
Bat
01
Bao toan mol nguyén t6 nito ta tinh ra mol NO;
Dig: =0,05—0,01—0,01.2—0,01=0,01
Fe* sa
Fe*:b
Mg* :c 2a+3b+2c = 0,35 mol
X:4CP :0,4mol }—“#+2a+3b+2c =0,35 mol > j 80a +80b+400=9,6
NO; :0,01 mol 56a +56b+24e = 6,32
Na* :0,05Oe cra
FeCl, 2a :
23,76 gam:} Cu:b ta yy tats |S 002
Fe(NO,), i
Dung dich Y phan ting AgNO, sinh ra NO suy ra trong Y cé H* va Fe” suy ra trong Y khong,
thé c6 NO;
IT’ :0,02.4=0,08
Fe*
Y:4Fe*
cu
cr
Suy ra mol H* phan ting n® =0,4~-0,08=0,32=4:myo = Myo = 0,08 = Nycyo,y, = 0,04
FeCl, sa
23,76 gam:{ Cub = 127a + 64b = 16,56
Fe(NO,), :0,04
Dung dich sau cing
Fe” :a+0,04
Cu sb 4 3a +0,12+ 2b = 0,56 = 3a4 26 = 0,44
NO; :0,58-0,02 =0,56
3a+2b=0,44 a=
=>
127a+64b = 16,56
1,08,
1
FeCl, :0,08
AgCl:0,08.2+0,4 = 0,56
23,76 gam:4 Cu:0,L dees = m=82,52g
Ag:0,02
Fe(NO,
Dap an A
D>
(cu 0,025
Fe:0,05 | snvo,-00s_, JH" :0,05 1:0,2
£30.05 |_ mas woe, ,[ASHO2 oso ogg
Cu:0,025 bre 20,05 Ag:0,0125
cr :0,2
Dap én B
a>
Fe ‘AgCl:0,8
Hues! 5H, :0,08mol +X —2 132,08 gam: a
{reo} epee gam) ag:0,16
calFe :0,16
X:) Fe :0,16 = m =0,32.56+0,32.16 = 23,04 gam.
Cr :0,8
Dap an C
F.0, 1:0,6
ss Agcl:0,
X24 CuO }—Hesmol_, y__As¥O: 51923 gam: ec _
Ag:0,15 mol
Cu
Fe :0,15
Y:)Cu®* :0,15 = 0,15.56+0,15.64+6,4+0,3.16 = 29,2
Cr :0,6
Dap inC
AL:0,3
Fe
N
ay aan 7.4.0,275 molt {N° + 4,0
35,2] FeO, al, 10
Fe,0,
Fe(NO,), :x mol
AgCl:1,9
ZBL 280,75
‘Ag:0,075
I. NO:0,025 mol
Vi dung dich Z phan ting AgNO, thu khi NO nén suy ra trong Z cé chia Fe’, H*
nén khong
chita NO;
Tinh ra mol H* du trong Z
nit =4.n =0,1 mol= ny, = 0,975 mol
=0,025.3+0,075 = 0,15 mol
Al" 30,3
Fe** :0,15
Z:5Fe™ :0,2
H:0,1
Cr :1,9 mol
Bao toan khdi hong tinh ra kh6i lvgng hon hop Tae rs
8,1435,2+1,9.36,5+40,15.63
12 +m, $0,975.18
NO:a at+b=0,275 0,2
=> m,=9,35 => = -
N,O:b 30a+44b=9,3 'b=0,075
Bio toan nguyén t6 nito
2x 40,15 =0,2+0,075.2 = x=0,1=9 %Mpggy,,, =41,57%
Dap én A
TE
Fe(NO,), :8 Feta Leola
HCI tow :b+0,2 8825183 gam {e eee
a
Curb CY ;2a+2b+0,4 a
2b+0,4=10a 10a-2b = 0,4 ,
= = = =m, =19,2g
395a+287b=125,6 |395a+287b=125,6 ),3
Dap ancPaladi (Palladium)
Paladi a mot kim loai hiém mau tring bac va bong, dugc William Hyde
Wollaston phat hign nam 1803, va dat tén theo tén goi cua tiéu hanh tinh Pallas.
Bac biét, O nhiét do phong va dp sudt khi quyén, paladi co thé hdp thy hidro toi 900
Jan thé tich cua n6, diéu nay lam cho paladi [a chat luu tro hiéu qua va an toan cho
hidr6. Paladi cing chéng xin mau tét. dan dién dn dinh va kha nang chéng an mon
héa hoc cao, chju nhiét tot.
Phan I6n paladi dugc ding trong cac b chuyén didi xiic tac cua cong nghiep
san xuat 6 t0. Bu nhéng nam 2000, do e ngai viéc san xudt 6 to co thé bi tri hoan
do thiéu hut paladi, nén Ford Motor da tién hanh dy tro mot lugng 1dn kim loai nay
bang viéc mua 6 mirc gid gan nhu cao Nhat. Do gid ca sau dé gidm xu6ng nén Ford
a thua thiét khoang 1 ty USD.TAP KIM LOAI TAC DUNG
~ Dic diém bai todn nay xay ra khong hoan toan,
- Phuong php gidi:
Tinh mol cia ion géc axit, Xéc dinh dung dich mudi sau cing chtta mudi cita kim logi nado bio
toan dign tich tinh kh6i lugng kim Joai trong mudi
Ap dung dinh luat bao toin kh6i ligng kim loai:
D¥ETED cho m gam Mg vao dung dich X g6m 0.03 mol Zn(NO,), va 0.05 mol Cu(NO,), , sau mét
thdi gian thu dug 5,25 gam kim loai va dung dich Y. Cho dung dich NaOH vao dung dich Y,
Khéi hugng két tha thu dugela 6,67 gam. Gid
A405 B. 2,86
1 Huéng dan:
Dung dich mudi sau cing
M(NO,), :0,08 mot
Khi cho dung dich ¥ phan ting NaOH
‘M(NO,), +2NaOH —>M(OH), +2NaNO,
M(OH), :0,08 mol = myyoep, =Myy + Moy =F My = 6,67—0,08.34 = 3,95 g
Bao ton khéi lugng kim loai
m+0,03.65+0,05,64=5,25+3,95 = m=4,05g
Dap in A
a BAITAP REN LUYEN:
Cho m gam bot Cu vao 400 ml dung dich AgNO, 0,2M, sau mt théi gian phan ting thu
8 8 , gian phan ting
duge7 gam hén hop chat rin X va dung dich Y. Loc tach X, 16i thém 3,9 gam bét Zn vio dung
dich Y, sau khi phan ting xay ra hoan toan thu duge 6,14 gam cht rin. Gid tri cla m 1a
A.5,76. B. 6,40. C. 3,20. D. 3,84.
Cho m gam bt Cu vao 400 ml dung dich AgNO, 1M sau mot théi gian phan ting thu
dtigc 42g hén hgp rin X va dung dich ¥ gém hai mu6i. Loc tach X réi them 16,25g bot Zn vao
Y, sau khi phan ting xy ra hoan toan thu duge 23,65g chat ran Z gém 3 kim loai. Gia tri cha
mii:
A19,2 B.12,8 C160 D96
a[XELED cho m gam bét Fe vao 200 ml dung dich chita hai mudi AgNO, 0,15M va Cu(NO,), 0,1M,
sau mot thdi gian thu duige 3,84 gam hén hop kim loai va dung dich X. Cho 3,25 gam bét Zn
vio dung dich X, sau khi phén ting xdy ra hoan toan, thu dugc 3,895 gam hén hop kim loai va
dung dich ¥. Gié tri cia m la
A. 2,240, B. 0,560. C.2,800. D. 1,435.
[XELED cho m gam bot Cu vio 400 ml dung dich AgNO, 0,2M, sau mot thoi gian phan ting thu
duigc7 gam hén hop chat rin X va dung dich Y. Loc tach X, r6i thém 3,9 gam bot Zn vao dung
dich Y, sau khi phan ting xy ra hoan toan thu duge 6,14 gam chét rin, Gia tri ciia m la
AL5,76. B. 6,40. C. 3,20. D384.
Cho m gam bét Fe vio 200 ml dung dich chita hai muéi AgNO, 0,15M va Cu(NO,),
0,1M, sau mét théi gian thu duige 3,84 gam hdn hgp kim loai va dung dich X. Cho 3,25 gam
bot Zn vao dung dich X, sau khi phan ting xay ra hoan toin, thu dugc 3,895 gam hén hgp kim
Toai va dung dich Y. Gia tri cia m Ta
A. 0,560. B. 2,240. C. 2,800. ‘D.1,435,
[ED cho m gam Cu vio 500 mi dung dich AgNO, 0,2M, sau mot thai gian thu dugc dung
dich X va 18,88 gam chat ran Y. Tach Y, sau dé cho 6,5 gam Zn vao dung dich X dén khi phan
ing xy ra hoan toan thi thu dude 7,97 gam chat rin Z. Gié tri cia m LA
A64, B, 19,2 C128. D.3,2.
‘Cho m gam bét Cu vao 500ml dung dich AgNO, 0,32M sau mét thi gian phan ting thu
ude 15,52 gam hén hop chat rin X vi dung dich Y, Loc téch X r6i them 11,7 gam bét Za vio
Y.sau Khi phan ting xty ra hoan toan thu duige 21,06 gam chat rin Z. Gid tri cba m la:
A.10,24 B7,68 C128, D.11,52
Cho 3,36 gam bot Fe vio 300 ml dung dich chtta hai muéi AgNO, 0,15M va Cu(NO,),
0,1M, sau mét thai gian thu duige 5,76 gam hén hap kim loai va dung dich X. Cho 1,8 gam bat
Mg vao dung dich X, sau khi phan ting xéy ra hoan toan, thu duige m gam hén hgp kim loai
vva dung dich Y, Gia tri cha m lt
A. 1,45. B. 2,80. C. 4,92. D. 2,24.
CXETED Lic 13,14g Cu v6i 250 ml dung dich AgNO, 0,6 M mot théi gian thu duige 22,56g chat
rin A va dung dich B. Nhing thanh kim loai M nang 15,45g vao dung dich B khudy déu dén
khi phan ting hoan toan thu cigc dung dich chi chéta mét muéi duy nhat va 17,355g chat rin
Z. Kim loai M la:
A.Zn B.Pb C. Mg. D.Fe
Cho m gam bot Cu vio 200 ml dung dich AgNO, 0,2M, phan ting mét thai gian thu duge
3,88g chat ran X va dung dich Y, Cho 2,925g bot Zn vio dung dich Y sau khi két thie phan ting
thu duige 5,265g chit ran Z va dung dich A. Gid tri cua m [&:
A382. B. 3,17. C.2,56. D.1,92.
(iCho m gam bét Cu vio 400ml dung dich AgNO, 0,2M, sau mt thdi gian phan ting thu
duigc 7,76 gam hén hgp chat ran X va dung dich Y, Loc tach X, réi thém 5,85 gam bét Zn vio
Y, sau hi phan ting xay ra hoan toan thu duige 10,53 gam chét rin Z. Gid tri cia m la:
A. 6,40, B.5,76. C.3,84, D.5,12.
Cho m g Zn vio dung dich chéta 0,1mol AgNO, va 0,15 mol Cu(NO,),, sau mt théi gian
thu duigc 26,9g két tha va dung dich X chita 2 muéi. Tach lay két tia, thém tigp 5,6g bot sit
‘vao dung dich X, sau khi cdc phan ting xay ra hoan toan thu dugc 6g két ta, Gid tri cia m a
A. 6,25 B19,5, C.18,25 ‘D.19,45
Cho 8 (g) bot Cu vao 200m! dung dich AgNO,, sau 1 théi gian phan ting loc dugc dung
dich A va 9,52 (g) chat rn. Cho tiép 8 (g) bot Pb vao dung dich A, phan ting xong loc tach
duige dung dich B chi chtta 1 muéi duy nhét va 6,705 (g) chat ran, Néng 46 mol/l cia AgNO,
ban dau la:
A.0,25M. B.0,1M C.0,35M. D.0,20M.
Huéng dan:
Tyg.
,08mol
Dung dich sau cing
Zn(NO,), :0,04 mol => mz" = 2,6g
Bao toin khdi lugng kim loai
m+0,08,108+3,9=7+6,14+2,6=3 m=3,2g
Dap dn C
Dung dich sau cing.
Zn(NO,), :0,2mol = mis" =13g
Bio toan khéi lugng kim loai
m+0,4,108+16,25g = 42+ 23,65+13 = m=19,2g
Dap én A
A.2,240.
ABNO; 008 es gg
eae
Cu(NO,), :0,02 a
X22" 2 5 7n(NO,), :0,035+3,895 gam
Bao toan khéi lugng kim loi
alm+0,03.108+0,02.64+3,
= m=2,24g
Dap in A
D>
25 = 3,895-+3,84+0,035.64
Tagyo, = 0,08 mol—> Zn(NO,), :0,04 mol
— 5m + 0,08.108 +3,9= 74 6,14+0,04.65 > m=3,2g
Dap an C
ddx
{eetne 0,03 mol } myers Nii gamkl
Cu(NO,), :0,02 mol
3,895 gam kl
dX 22a
day
Hts m+0,03,108-+0,02.6443, 25 = 3,84+3,895 + 0,035.65 => m=2,24 g
Dap dn B
AgNO, aes
ax —Stmn2 fea
EE 0,1.108+m+6,5
Dap an C
NO; :0,07
Zn™* :0,035
dax
Do a
18,88 gam ‘|
7,97 gam Z
=18,88+7,97 +0,05.65 => m=12,8¢
a
AgNO, :0,16 mol zener {15:52 gamX
day
cay titan 2, [206 gam z
Zn(NO,); :0,08
85 0,16.108-+m-+11,7 =15,52+21,06+0,08.65 => m=12,82
Dép anc
AgNO, :0,045 mol
Cu(NO,), :0,03 mol
5,76 gam kt
daxa Lid
Mg” :0,0525
NO; :0,105
HHL 5 0,045,108 + 0,03.64-+3,36+1,8 = 5,76-+0,0525.24-+m
=m=4,92g
sxe
Dap an C
sutgce_, [22,568 A.
AgNO, 0,15 mol ef 7
17,355g Z
M(NO,), :@
—10,15.108+ 13,14 +14, 45 = 22,56417,355+m,,.
wn anef
AgNO, 404 ot nef *
aay
Zn(NO,), :0,02
5,265g Z
— HE 5 0,04.108 +m + 2,925 =3,88-+0,02.65 +5,265 = m=3,2g
Dap in A
ayaae|
AgNO, : 0,08 mol 225
ee {ire
Zn(NO,), :0,04
10,53 gam Z
tL 5 0,08.108 +m +5,85 = 7,76-+10,53+0,04.65 > m=6,4g
Dap an A
ica
wayne f
26,98
1mol AgNO, mgt Zn(NO,), 4
0,15 mol Cu(NO,), ac
1s ‘Cu(NO,), 7b828 5] [Zn(NO,), :2
ey b
3b =0,05 = a=0,15 mol
—40,1.108+0,15.64+m +5,
Dap an D
= 26,9+6+0,15.65+ 0, 05.56 => m=19,45 gam
9,52
AgNO, :0,2a mol 225, (8)
ddA
6,705(e)
PD(NO,), :0,la
), 52+ 6,705+20,7a => a= 0,25
contin f
E50, 20.108 +848 =
Dip an APaladi (Palladium)
Paladi la mot kim loai hiém mau tréng bac va bong, dugc William Hyde
Wollaston phat hién nam 1803, va dat tén theo tén goi cua tiéu hanh tinh Pallas.
Dac biét. 6 nhiét 46 phdng va p suat khi quyén. paladi cé thé hp thy hidré toi 900
Jan thé tich cua no, diéu nay lam cho paladi la chat luu tro hiéu qua va an toan cho
hidro. Paladi cing chéng xin mau t6t. dan dién dn dinh va kha nang chéng an mon
héa hoc cao, chiu nhiét tot.
Phan Ion paladi dugc dung trong cdc bo chuyén ddi xic tac cua cong nghiép
san xuat 6 t6. Bau nhing nam 2000, do e ngai viéc san xuat 6 t6 6 thé bj tri hoan
do thiéu hut paladi, nén Ford Motor da tién hanh dy tra mot lugng I6n kim logi nay
bang viéc mua 6 muc gid gan nhu cao nhét. Do gid cd sau d6 gidm xudng nén Ford
da thua thiét khoang 1 ty USD.- Bai toan khong cho ancol va axit
~ Xéc dinh cng thiic axit va ancol
Hén hgp M g6m ancol no, don chiic X va axit cacboxylic dan chic ¥, déu mach ha va
6 cling s nguyén tit C, téng s6 mol clia hai chét la 0,5 mol (s6 mol cia Y 1én hon s6 mol cia
X)..Néu d6t chay hoan toan M thi thu duige 33,6 lit khi CO, (éktc) va 25,2 gam HO. Mat khéc
néu dun néng M véi H,SO, dic dé thuc hign phan ting este héa (higu suét 80%) thi s6 gam
este thu duge
A. 34,20 B.27,36 €.20,80 D. 18,24
m Huéng dan:
45
CO, :Smol)_ }n=F3
H,0:1,4 mol i
oo
t
6 2145,6-y<245y>3,25y=4
ICH,O:a
CHO, :b
=> Mejy0, = 0.2.0,8.114 = 18,24 g
o.sminif
Dét chy hon to’n $,4g hn hop X gém 1 axit cacboxylic no don chite va 1 ancol don
chiic Y, thu dugc 0,2 mol CO, va 0,3 mol H,O. Thuc hién phan ding este héa 5,4g X voi hiéu
suat 80% thu dugc m gam este. Gia tri ctia m la:
A.22 B. 185 C.2,04 D295
mt Huéng dan:
s4gx (CrtienO#4_o, [0.2:mol CO,
C,H,,0, 1b 3 mol HO
> 2=0,1 mol
3 18452040,214-=5,4-9 b= 1025 ol 0. 40,025m-=1,2- |Dr eLeas
= mC,H,,0, = 0,025.0,8.102=2,04
CH,OH:a
=
C,H,O, :b
Dép én C
Hén hgp X gém 1 axit cacboxylic (no,dan chiic) va 1 ancol don chtic. Dét chay hoan toan
Ip X 26 oxy!
10,6g X thu dugc 17,6g CO, va 9g H,O. Thyc hién phan ting este héa 10,6g X véi hiéu suat 60%
thu duige m gam este. Gid tri cha m la:
A312 B, 2,64 C.5,28 D.4,40
@ Huéng dan:
(C.Hy,,,0'8 0,4 mol CO.
10,68.X {Cote o,_, 2
a oral jee
=a=0,1mol
= 18a+32b+0,4.14=10,6 = b=0,1 mol = 0,ln +0,1m=0,4=5n+m=4
= m cyripo, = 01.0, 6.88 =5, 28g
Dap an C
Hén hop M g6m 2 axit cacboxylic don chite X va Y (Ia déng dang ké tiép, M, < M,). Dot
chéy hoan toan 8,2g M cn 10,4g O, thu dugc 5,4g H,O. Dun néng 8,2g M véi etanol (H,SO,
4c) tao thanh 6g hén hop este, Héa hai hoan toan hén hop este trén thu duige thé tich hoi
bang thé tich cta 1,82g1N, (trong cing diéu kign nhigt do va 4p suét), Higu suat phan ting tao
este cha X va Y ln ligt 1a:
A. 60% va 40% B. 50% va 40% C. 50% va 50% D. 60% va 50%
™ Huéng dan:
CO, :0,3
H,0:0,3
32a+0,3.14=8,2 a=0,125 9 n=2,4—
Nee adostene aoa Neen a (pes fried
8,2¢ M.C,H,,0, :@ af
C,H,COOH : 0,05 C,H,COOHC,H,:y— x+y=0,065 y=0,02
Hy = 60%
H, = 40%
Dap an A
[XETED cho hin hop axit fomic va axit axetic tham gia phan ting este héa voi hin hgp P gm 2
ancol don chttc déng ding ké tip. Phan ting xong thu duigc sin phém l4 este trong d6 06 chat
X (phan tit khdi lén nhat) va chat ¥ (oxi chiém 53,33% vé kh6i higng). S6 nguyén tit cacbon
6 trong phan tit X
Ad. B.6. C3. D.5.1 Huéng dan:
32.100
53,33
0 Y : HCOOCH, = X: CH,COOC,H,
Dap an
H6n hgp E gém axit cacboxylic don chtic X, axit cacboxylic hai chite ¥ (X va ¥ déu mach
hé, cé ciing $6 lién két n) va hai ancol don chiic Z, T thudc ciing day déng ding. Dét chay hoin
toan m gam E, thu dugc 1,3 mol CO, va 1,5 mol H,O, Mat khdc, thyc hién phan ting este héa m
gam E (gia sif higu suat cac phan ving 1a 100%), thu duige 33,6 gam sin phém hifu co chi chita
este. Phin trim kh6i lugng cia X trong hén hop E gén gid tr) nao nhat sau day?
A, 15%. B. 16%. C. 17%, D. 20%.
Hung din:
RCOO,
1 co, :1,3%
{rico 2 nt ee
H,0:1,5""
C,Hy,20 mol
a(1—k)+b=0,2 mol = a+b—ak = 0,2 mol => ak2a