VYDEHI SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE

STUDY MATERIAL
MONTH: OCTOBER
CLASS: XII A
ENGLISH
I. WORKSHEET:

1. You are Garima / Gaurav. Write a letter to your friend Sanjana / Sanjay, inviting
her / him to your birthday party. Give details regarding the day, time, venue, etc.
Add interesting details like theme, dress code, etc.
2. You are Mukul / Mahima of Alps Public School. Your school has organized a
debate on "Social Media and It's Effects" and you will be participating from your
school. Prepare your views against or in favour of the motion. (150-200 words)
3. Prepare a poster on “Blood Donation in your school”

II. HOMEWORK:

1. You are Sidhi/ Sanjay of U-03 G Block Kasturi Nagar Mysore-37. Write a letter to the
Editor, Times of India, Bangalore expressing your concern about the decrease in the
number of the birds in Mysore.
2. "Academic excellence is the only requirement for a successful career." Write a
debate either for or against the motion. (120 - 150 words)

I. WORKSHEET:

1. You are Samita/Sunit, resident of C-41, Sant Vihar, Delhi- 1. You find, participation of
children in various reality shows on T.V. a form of child exploitation. Write a letter to the
editor of a national daily showing your concern about various forms of child exploitation
prevalent in Educated, Urban society giving some suggestions to curtail it.
2. "ONLINE SMART CLASSES ARE THE FUTURE OF EDUCATION STYLE".
Write a debate either for or against the motion. (150 - 200 words).

II. HOMEWORK:

1. 'Homes for the aged is a necessity in India '. Write a debate in 150- 200 words
either for or against the motion. You are Shivam/ Shivani.
2. You are Simar / Smriti of Lotus International School, Jodhpur. Your school is
organizing a workshop on “Prevention of Drug Abuse‟ in the coming
week. Prepare a poster with complete information for the students of class X-XII.

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 PHYSICS
CHAPTER 7 : RAY OPTICS
I. WORKSHEET:

1. Suppose x & y are distance of object and image respectively from a mirror. What shall be the
shape of the graph between 1/x & 1/y for a concave mirror?
2. An object is seen first in red light and then in violet light through a simple microscope. In
which case is the magnifying power of simple microscope greater?
3. A lens of glass is immersed in water. What will be its effect on the power of the lens?
A thin prism of 600 angle gives a deviation of 300. What is the refractive index of
material of prism?
4. An object is placed in front of a right angled crown glass with critical angle of 410. Trace the
path of rays from p & Q, parallel to the hypotenuse.
P

5. What is the function of cladding in a typical optical fibre?

6. State the conditions for total internal reflection of light to take place.
7. How can you increase the magnifying power of a telescope?
8. Why is the secondary rainbow always fainter than the primary rainbow?
If a µ g = 3/2 and a µ w = 4/3, then what will be the value of w µ g?
9. What causes brilliance of diamond?

II. HOMEWORK:

10. Prove that virtual image produced by a convex mirror is always diminished in size & is
located between the focus and the pole.
11. A glass slab is placed over a page in which letters are printed in different colours. Will
image of all letters lie in the same plane?
12. Why does a parallel faced glass slab produce neither deviation nor dispersion?
13. Why do we prefer reflecting type telescope for astronomical purposes?
14. An object is placed in front of a convex mirror of focal length 60 cm. if image formed is
30cm
15. A mark is made at the bottom of a beaker and a microscope is focused on it. The
microscope is then raised through 0.015 m t o what height water must be poured into
beaker to bring the mark again into focus? Given that w = 4/3,
16. The radius of curvature of each surface of a convex lens of refractive index 1.5 is 0.40m
calculate its power.
17. Derive the relation between refractive index of a medium and its critical angle.
18. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image of an object placed between f and
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 2f of a thin concave lens. Deduce the relation between the object, image distance and focal
length of the lens under this condition.
19. A ray of light is refracted through a prism in the position of minimum deviation. The angle
of prism 600 and its refractive index 1.532. Calculate the angle of incidence & min
deviation.
20. Show by ray diagrams how a totally reflecting glass prism can be used to deviate a ray of
light through (i) 900(ii) 1800
21. A converging lens has a focal length of 20cm in air. It is made of material of refractive index
1.6. if it is immersed in a liquid of refractive index 1.3, what will be its new focal length?
22. You are given two convex lens of short aperture having focal lengths 4 and 8 cm respectively.
Which one of these will you use as an objective and which one as an eyepiece for
constructing a compound microscope. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the
image of a small object due to a compound microscope. Derive the expression for its
magnifying power.

CHAPTER 8 : WAVE OPTICS

I. WORKSHEET:

1. If white light is used in Young’s experiment, what kind of pattern will be observed?
2. A source of red light (λ = 7000 Å) produces interference through two slits placed at a
distance of 0.01 cm. at what distance should a screen be placed from the slits so that
interference bands are spaced 0.1m apart?
3. The slits in Young’s experiment have width in ratio 1:16. Deduce ratio of maxima & minima
in interference pattern
4. Yellow light (λ = 6 x 10 -7) illuminates single slit whose width is 1 x 10 -4 m. What is the
distance between two dark lines on either side of the central maximum if the diffraction
pattern is viewed on a screen that is 1.5m from the slit?
5. Using Huygens’s principle, draw a diagram to show propagation of a wave front originating
from a monochromatic pt. source.
6. Using Huygens’s principle, derive Snell’s law
7. In Young’s experiment, the width of the fringes obtained with light of wavelength 6000 Å
is 2.0mm. Calculate the fringe width if the entire apparatus is immersed in a liquid medium
of refractive index 1.33.
8. Determine the angular separation between central maximum & first order maximum of the
diffraction pattern due to a slit of width 0.25mm when light of wavelength 5890 Å is incident
on it normally.
9. How are Polaroids artificially made? Mention two uses of Polaroids. Draw a graph showing
the dependence of intensity of transmitted light on the angle between polarizes & analyser.
10. A slit of width ‘d’ is illuminated by light of wavelength 6500 Å. For what values of ‘d’ will
the
i) First min fall at an angle of diffraction of 300?
ii) First max. fall at an angle of diffraction of 300?

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 11. In a single slit diffraction pattern, how does the angular width of the central maximum vary,
when
i) aperture of slit is increased
ii) distance between the slit and screen is decreased
iii) monochromatic visible light of larger wavelength is used? Justify your
answer in each case.

II. HOMEWORK:

12. What is the polarizing angle of a medium of refractive index 1.732?

13. Why is diffraction pattern invisible when the slit is very wide?
14. Why is coloured spectrum seen when we look through a muslin cloth?

4
 CHEMISTRY
CHAPTER 13 :AMINES

I. WORKSHEET:

1. What for are quaternary ammonium salts widely used?

2. What product is formed when aniline is first diazotized and then treated with Phenol in
alkaline medium?
3. How is phenyl hydrazine prepared from aniline?
4. What is the IUPAC name of a tertiary amine containing one methyl, one ethyl and one n-
propyl group?
5. Explain why silver chloride is soluble in aqueous solution of methylamine?
6. Write the IUPAC name of C6H5N(CH3)3 Br?
7. Primary amines have higher boiling points then tertiary amines why?
8. How will you convert
1. Benzene into aniline
2. Benzene into N, N-dimethylaniline
3. Aniline to Sulphanilic acid
9. An aromatic compound ‘A’ on treatment with aqueous ammonia and heating forms
compound ‘B’ which on heating with Br2 and KOH forms a compound ‘C’of molecular
formula C6H7N. Write the structures and IUPAC names of compounds A, B and C.

II. HOMEWORK:

1. Arrange the following in decreasing order of their basic strength.

C6H5NH2, C2H5NH2, (C2H5)2NH, NH3
2. Write chemical equation for the conversion
CH3-CH2-Cl into CH3 –CH2-CH3-NH2
3. Write the equation involved in Carbylamines reactions?.

CHAPTER 14 : BIOMOLECULES

I. WORKSHEET:

1. Name the building blocks of proteins.

2. Give the structure of simplest optically active amino acid.
3. Name the amino acid which is not optically active.
4. Write the Zwitter ionic form of amino acetic acid.
5. Name the enzyme which catalyses the hydrolysis of maltose into glucose.
6. Give reason : Amylase present in the saliva becomes inactive in the stomach.
[Hint: HCl present in stomach decreases the pH]
7. How would you explain the amphoteric behaviour of amino acids.
[Hint : Amino acids are amphoteric due to the presence of both acidic and basic
functional groups.]
8. Which forces are responsible for the stability of alpha – helical structure of proteins.
9. How are polypeptides different from proteins.
10. Which nucleic acid is responsible for carrying out protein synthesis in the cell.

5
 11. The two strands in DNA are not identical but complementary. Explain.
[Hint : H-bonding is present between specific pairs of bases present in stands.]

II. HOMEWORK:

1. Write the hydrolysed products of

i. maltose
ii. cellulose.
2. Name the two components of starch? Which one is water soluble?

i. Acetylation of glucose with acetic anhydride gives glucose pentaacetate. Write

the structure of the pentaacetate.
ii. Explain why glucose pentaacetate does not react with hydroxylamine?
[Hint : The molecule of glucose pentaacetate has a cyclic structure in which –
CHO is involved in ring formation with OH group at C–5]
3. What are vitamins? How are they classified?
4.

i. Why is sucrose called a reducing sugar?

ii. Give the type of glycosidic linkage present in sucrose.

CHAPTER 14 : POLYMERS

I. WORKSHEET:

1. Classify polythene and bakelite as thermosetting plastics or thermoplastics.

2. Among fibres, elastomers and thermosetting polymers, which one has strongest
intermolecular forces of attraction?
3. Why is bakelite called a thermosetting polymer.
4. Give the monomers of bakelite.
5. Identify the monomer in the following polymeric structure.

6. Nylon-2-Nylon-6 is a biodegradable polymer obtained from glycine, H2N – CH2 –

COOH and aminocaproic acid, H2N–(CH2)5–COOH. Write the structure of this polymer.
7. Give two uses of teflon.
8. Name the polymer used for making insulation material for coating copper wire. [Hint :
PVC].

II. HOMEWORK:

1. Give the structure of monomer of neoprene. What is the advantage of neoprene over the
natural rubber?
2. Classify the following as homopolymer or copolymer. Also classify them as addition or
condensation polymers.
i. –(NH CH (R) CO)n–

6
 ii.

3. Give the mechanism of polymerisation of ethene to polythene in presence of benzoyl

peroxide.
4. Complete the following reactions:

7
 BIOLOGY
CHAPTER 13: ORGANISMS AND POPULATION

I. WORKSHEET:

1 Mark Questions
1. What are Eurythermic species?
2. Define stenohaline species.
3. What is commensalism?
4. What is Mycorrhiza?
5. What is homeostasis?
6. Define aestivation.
7. What is diapause and its significance?
8. What would be the growth rate pattern, when the resources are unlimited?
9. What are the organisms that feed on plant sap and other plant parts called?
10. What is high altitude sickness? Write its symptoms.
11. Give a suitable example for commensalism.
12. Define ectoparasite and endoparasite and give suitable examples.
13. What is brood parasitism? Explain with the help of an example.

2 Mark Questions
1. If a fresh water fish is placed in an aquarium containing sea water, will the fish be able to
survive? Explain giving reasons.
2. Why do all the fresh water organisms have contractile vacuoles whereas majority of marine
organisms lack them?
3. Why do submerged plants receive weaker illumination than exposed floating plants in a lake?
4. Categorise the following plants into hydrophytes, halophytes, mesophytes and xerophytes.
Give reasons for your answers.
a. Salvinia
b. Opuntia
c. Rhizophora
d. Mangifera
5. In a pond, we see plants which are free-floating; rooted–submerged; rooted emergent; rooted
with floating leaves. Write the type of plants against each of them.

8
 6. Plant Name 7. Type

8. Hydrilla 9. _________

10. Typha 11. _________

12. Nymphaea 13. _________

14. Lemna 15. _________

16. Vallisnaria 17. _________

3 Mark Questions
1.

a. Label the three tiers 1, 2, 3 given in the above age pyramid.

b. What type of population growth is represented by the above age pyramid?

2. In an association of two animal species, one is a termite which feeds on wood and the
other is a protozoan Trichonympha present in the gut of the termite. What type of
association they establish?

3. Give the scientific names of any two microorganisms inhabiting the human intestine.
What adaptations do they have?

4. Define ‘zero population growth rate’. Draw an age pyramid for the same.

5. List any four characters that are employed in human population census.

6. Give one example for each of the following types.

a) Migratory animal
b) Camouflaged animal
c) Predator animal
d) Biological control agent
e) Phytophagous animal
f) Chemical defense agent

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 7. Fill in the blanks

Species A Species B Type of Interaction Example

+ – _______ _______

+ + _______ _______

+ _______ Commensalism _______

5 Mark Questions
1. Comment on the following figures: 1, 2 and 3: A, B, C. D, G, P, Q, R, S are species

2. An individual and a population has certain characteristics. Name these attributes with
definitions.

10
3. The following diagrams are the age pyramids of different populations. Comment on the
status of these populations.

4. Comment on the growth curve given below.

5. A population of Paramoecium caudatum was grown in a culture medium. After 5 days the
culture medium became overcrowed with Paramoecium and had depleted nutrients. What
will happen to the population and what type of growth curve will the population attain? Draw
the growth curve.
II. HOMEWORK:
1. Discuss the various types of positive interactions between species.
2. In an aquarium two herbivorous species of fish are living together and feeding on
phytoplanktons. As per the Gause’s Principle, one of the species is to be eliminated in due
course of time, but both are surviving well in the aquarium. Give possible reasons.
3. While living in and on the host species, the animal parasite has evolved certain adaptations.
Describe these adaptations with examples.
4. Do you agree that regional and local variations exist within each biome? Substantiate your
answer with suitable example.
5. Does light factor affect the distribution of organisms? Explain giving suitable examples of
either plants or animals.
6. Give one example for each of the following:
i. Eurythermal plant species ____________
ii. A hot water spring organism ____________
iii. An organism seen in deep ocean trenches ____________
iv. An organism seen in compost pit ____________
v. A parasitic angiosperm ____________
vi. A stenothermal plant species ____________

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 vii. Soil organism ____________
viii. A benthic animal ____________
ix. Antifreeze compound seen in antarctic fish ____________
x. An organism which can conform ____________
CHAPTER 14: ECOSYSTEM
I.WORKSHEET:
1 Mark Questions
1. Name an organism found as secondary carnivore in an aquatic ecosystem.
2. What does the base tier of the ecological pyramid represent?
3. Under what conditions would a particular stage in the process of succession revert back to an
earlier stage?
4. Arrange the following as observed in vertical stratification of a forest: Grass, Shrubby plants,
Teak, Amaranths.
5. Name an omnivore which occurs in both grazing food chain and the decomposer food chain.
6. Justify the pitcher plant as a producer.
7. Name any two organisms which can occupy more than one trophic level in an ecosystem.
8. In the North East region of India, during the process of jhum cultivation, forests are cleared
by burning and left for regrowth after a year of cultivation. How would you explain the
regrowth of forest in ecological term?
9. Climax stage is achieved quickly in secondary succession as compared to primary
succession. Why?
10. Among bryophytes, lichens and fern which one is a pioneer species in a xeric succession?
11. What is the ultimate source of energy for the ecosystems?
12. Is the common edible mushroom an autotroph or a heterotroph?
2 Mark Questions
1. Why are oceans least productive?
2. Why the rate of assimilation of energy at the herbivore level is called secondary
productivity?
3. Why are nutrient cycles in nature called biogeochemical cycles?
4. Give any two examples of xerarch succession.
5. Define self sustainability.

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6. Given below is a figure of an ecosystem. Answer the following questions.

i. What type of ecosystem is shown in the figure.

ii. Name any plant that is characteristic of such ecosystem.
7. What is common to earthworm, mushroom, soil mites and dung beetle in an ecosystem.
3 Mark Questions
1. Organisms at a higher trophic level have less energy available. Comment.
2. The number of trophic levels in an ecosystem are limited. Comment.
3. Is an aquarium a complete ecosystem?
4. What could be the reason for the faster rate of decomposition in the tropics?
5. Human activities interfere with carbon cycle. List any two such activities.
6. Flow of energy through various trophic levels in an ecosystem is unidirectional and non-
cyclic. Explain.
7. Apart from plants and animals, microbes form a permanent biotic component in an
ecosystem. While plants have been referred to as autotrophs and animals as heterotrophs,
what are microbes referred to as? How do the microbes fulfil their energy requirements?
8. Poaching of tiger is a burning issue in today’s world. What implication would this activity
have on the functioning of the ecosystem of which the tigers are an integral part?
9. In relation to energy transfer in ecosystem, explain the statement “10kg of deer’s meat is
equivalent to 1 kg of lion’s flesh”.
10. Primary productivity varies from ecosystem to ecosystem. Explain?
5 Mark Questions
1. Sometimes due to biotic/abiotic factor the climax remain in a particular seral stage (pre
climax) without reaching climax. Do you agree with this statement. If yes give a suitable
example.
2. What is an incomplete ecosystem? Explain with the help of suitable example.
3. What are the shortcomings of ecological pyramids in the study of ecosystem?
4. How do you distinguish between humification and mineralisation?

13
5. Fill in the trophic levels (1, 2, 3 and 4) in the boxes provided in the figure.

6. The rate of decomposition of detritus is affected by the abiotic factors like availability of
oxygen, pH of the soil substratum, temperature etc. Discuss.

II. HOMEWORK:
1. A farmer harvests his crop and expresses his harvest in three different ways.
a. I have harvested 10 quintals of wheat.
b. I have harvested 10 quintals of wheat today in one acre of land.
c. I have harvested 10 quintals of wheat in one acre of land, 6 months after sowing.
Do the above statements mean one and the same thing. If your answer is yes, give reasons.
And if your answer is ‘no’ explain the meaning of each expression.
2. Justify the following statement in terms of ecosystem dynamics. “Nature tends to increase the
gross primary productivity, while man tends to increase the net primary productivity”.
3. Which of the following ecosystems will be more productive in terms of primary
productivity? Justify your answer. A young forest, a natural old forest, a shallow polluted
lake, alpine meadow.
4. What are the three types of ecological pyramids? What information is conveyed by each
pyramid with regard to structure, function and energy in the ecosystem.
5. Given below is a list of autotrophs and heterotrophs. With your knowledge about food chain,
establish various linkages between the organisms on the principle of ‘eating and being eaten’.
What is this inter-linkage established known as? Algae, hydrilla, grasshopper, rat, squirrel,
crow, maize plant, deer, rabbit, lizard, wolf, snake, peacock, phytoplankton, crustaceans,
whale, tiger, lion, sparrow, duck, crane, cockroach, spider, toad, fish, leopard, elephant, goat,
Nymphaea, Spirogyra.
6. The energy flow in the ecosystem follows the second law of thermodynamics.” Explain.
7. What will happen to an ecosystem if:
a. All producers are removed;
b. All organisms of herbivore level are eliminated; and
c. All top carnivore population is removed
8. Give two examples of artificial or man made ecosystems. List the salient features by which
they differ from natural ecosystems.

14
9. The biodiversity increases when one moves from the pioneer to the climax stage. What could
be the explanation?
10. What is a biogeochemical cycle? What is the role of the reservoir in a biogeochemical cycle?
Give an example of a sedimentary cycle with reservoir located in earth’s crust.
CHAPTER 15: BIODIVERSITY & CONSERVATION
I .WORKSHEET:
1 Mark Questions
1. What characteristics make a community stable?
2. What could have triggered mass extinctions of species in the past?
3. What accounts for the greater ecological diversity of India?
4. According to David Tilman, greater the diversity, greater is the primary productivity. Can
you think of a very low diversity man-made ecosystem that has high productivity?
5. What does ‘Red’ indicate in the IUCN Red list?
6. Explain as to how protection of biodiversity hot spots alone can reduce up to 30% of the
current rate of species extinction.
7. What is the difference between endemic and exotic species?
8. How does species diversity differ from ecological diversity?
9. Why is genetic variation important in the plant Rauwolfiavomitoria?
10. What is Red Data Book?
11. Define gene pool.
12. What does the term ‘Frugivorous’ mean?
13. What is the expanded form of IUCN?
14. Define the terms (i) Bioprospecting (ii) Endemism

2 Mark Questions
1. How is the presently occurring species extinction different from the earlier mass extinctions?
2. Of the four major causes for the loss of biodiversity (Alien species invasion, habitat loss and
fragmentation, over-exploitation and co-extinctions which according to you is the major
cause for the loss of biodiversity? Give reasons in support.
3. Discuss one example, based on your day-to-day observations, showing how loss of one
species may lead to the extinction of another.
4. A species-area curve is drawn by plotting the number of species against the area. How is it
that when a very large area is considered the slope is steeper than that for smaller areas?
5. Is it possible that productivity and diversity of a natural community remain constant over a
time period of, say one hundred years?
6. There is greater biodiversity in tropical /subtropical regions than in temperate region.
Explain.

15
7. Why are the conventional methods not suitable for the assessment of biodiversity of bacteria?
8. What criteria should one use in categorizing a species as threatened?
9. What could be the possible explanation for greater vulnerability of amphibians to extinction
as compared to other animal groups?
10. How do scientists extrapolate the total number of species on Earth?
3 Mark Questions
1. Humans benefit from diversity of life. Give two examples.
2. List any two major causes other than anthropogenic causes of the loss of biodiversity.
3. What is an endangered species? Give an example of an endangered plant and animal species
each?
4. What are sacred groves and their role in biodiversity conservation?
5. Is it true that there is more solar energy available in the tropics? Explain briefly.
6. What is co-extinction? Explain with a suitable example?

II . HOMEWORK:
1. Elaborate how invasion by an alien species reduces the species diversity of an area.
2. How can you, as an individual, prevent the loss of biodiversity?
3. Can you think of a scientific explanation, besides analogy used by Paul Ehrlich, for the direct
relationship between diversity and stability of an ecosystem?
4. Though the conflict between humans and wildlife started with the evolution of man, the
intensity of conflict has increased due to the activities of modern man. Justify your answer
with suitable examples.
5. What is an ecosystem service? List any four important ecosystem services provided by the
natural ecosystems. Are you in favour or against levying a charge on the service provided by
the ecosystem?
6. Describe the consumptive use value of biodiversity as food, drugs and medicines, fuel and
fiber with suitable examples.
7. Species diversity decreases as we move away from the equator towards the poles. What
could be the possible reasons?
8. Explain briefly the ‘rivet popper hypothesis’ of Paul Ehrlich.
9. The relation between species richness and area for a wide variety of taxa turns out to be a
rectangular hyperbola. Give a brief explanation.
CHAPTER 16: ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

I.WORKSHEET:

1 Mark Questions
1. Use of lead-free petrol or diesel is recommended to reduce the pollutants emitted by
automobiles. What role does lead play?

16
2. In which year was the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act amended to include
noise as air pollution.
3. Name the city in our country where the entire public road transport runs on CNG.
4. It is a common practice to undertake desilting of the overhead water tanks. What is the
possible source of silt that gets deposited in the water tanks?
5. What is cultural eutrophication?
6. List any two adverse effects of particulate matter on human health.
7. What is the raw material for polyblend?
8. Blends of polyblend and bitumen, when used, help to increase road life by a factor of three.
What is the reason?
9. Mention any two examples of plants used as wind breakers in the agricultural fields.
10. Name an industry which can cause both air and thermal pollution and as well as
eutrophication.
11. What is an algal bloom?
12. What do you understand by biomagnification?
13. What are the three major kinds of impurities in domestic wastewater?
14. What is reforestation?
15. What is the best solution for the treatment of electronic wastes?

2 & 3 Mark Questions

1. What is hybrid vehicle technology?. Explain its advantages with a suitable example?
2. Is it true that if the dissolved oxygen level drops to zero, the water will become septic. Give
an example which could lower the dissolved oxygen content of an aquatic body.
3. Name any one green house gas and its possible source of production on a large scale. What
are the harmful effects of it?
4. It is a common practice to plant trees and shrubs near the boundary walls of buildings. What
purpose do they serve?
5. Why has the National Forest Commission of India recommended a relatively larger forest
cover for hills than for plains?
6. How can slash and burn agriculture become environment friendly?
7. What is the main idea behind “Joint Forest Management Concept” introduced by the
Government of India?
8. What do you understand by Snow-blindness?
9. How has DDT caused decline in bird population?
10. List any two applications of solar energy. What is a photovoltaic cell?

II. HOMEWORK:
1. Write a short note on electronic waste. List the various sources of e- wastes and the problems
associated with its disposal.
17
2. What is organic farming? Discuss the benefits of organic farming as a viable practise in the
context of developing nations like India.
3. Water logging and soil salinity are some of the problems that have come in the wake of the
Green Revolution. Discuss their causes and adverse effects to the environment.
4. What are multipurpose trees? Give the botanical and local names of any two multipurpose
trees known to you and list their uses.
5. What are the basic characteristics of a modern landfill site? List any three and also mention
the reasons for their use.
6. How does an electrostatic precipitator work?
7. Observe figure and answer the following questions.

i. What ecological term is used to describe the DDT accumulation at different trophic levels?
ii. List any one effect of DDT accumulation on birds
iii. Will DDT accumulation lead to eutrophication?
iv. Does it affect the BOD?

18
 COMPUTER SCIENCE
CHAPTER 14 : MORE ON SQL

I.WORKSHEET:

1. The SQL Select provides clause for sorting data and for summarizing results. Write the
names of clauses for these.
2. What are different types of SQL functions?
3. Write a query to display the numbers of employees with same job.
4. What are the aggregate functions? What is their use? Give example.
5. What is the difference between having and where clause.
6. Write a query to show the average salary for all departments with more than 3 people for a
job.
7. List the maximum salary of employee grouped by their department numbers.

II. HOMEWORK:

1. Consider the following tables STORE and SUPPLIERS. Write SQL commands for the statements
(a) to (d)

19
 2. Consider the following tables DOCTOR and SALARY. Write SQL commands for the
statements (a) to (d)

3. Consider the following table Sales. Write SQL commands for the statements (i) to (iii)

CHAPTER 15 : INTERFACE OF PYTHON WITH SQL

I.WORKSHEET:

1. What is a database connection?

2. Differentiate between fetchone() and fetchall() methods.
3. How is database connections established?
4. List the most common parameters and the usage that are passed to communicate with the
database.
5. Write the Python database connectivity script that deletes records form category table of
database items that have name = ‘stocktable’
6. What will be the generated query string?
Query: “Insert into books(title,isbn) values(‘{}’,{})”.format(‘abc’,1234554321)

20
II. HOMEWORK:

1. Write a python database connectivity script that deletes records form category table of
database items that have name ‘stocktable’.
2. Design a python application that fetches all the records form Pet table of menagerie
database.

21
 MATHEMATICS
CHAPTER 9: DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

I. WORKSHEET:

1. Find the order of the differential equation satisfying √1 − 𝑥 4 + √1 − 𝑦 4 = a(x2 – y2).

2. What is the order and degree of the differential equation whose solution is
y = cx + c2 – 3c3/2 + 2, where c is a parameter.
3. Find the Equation of the curve passing through (1, 1) and satisfying the
𝑑𝑦 2𝑦
differential equation 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 , x>0, y>0.
4. Find the equation of the curve which passes through (3,9)
𝑑𝑦 1
and satisfies differential equation 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑥 2
5. Form the differential equation representing the family of curves given by y2 = 4ax.
6. 𝑑𝑦
Find the solution of 𝑑𝑥 = y tan 2x, where y(0) = 2.

7. Find the solution of the equation (y – x) dy – (y2– x2) dx = 0, where y (0) = –1

8. Form the differential equation c( y + c)2 = x3.

9. Find the equation of the curve that passes through the point (1,2) and satisfies the
𝑑𝑦 −2𝑥𝑦
differential equation, 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 +1.
10. Solve: (1+y2)dx = (tan-1y – x)dx

II. HOMEWORK:

11. Form the differential equation of the curve (x – a)2 + (y - b)2 where a, b are arbitrary
Constants.
12. Solve the equation: (1+ x)3 𝑑𝑦 + 6x2y = (1 + x2).
𝑑𝑥

CHAPTER 10: VECTOR ALGEBRA

I. WORKSHEET:

1. For what values of ‘λ’, the vectors (2î - 3 ĵ ) and (λi - 6ĵ) are parallel ?

2. Find the position vector of the centroid of a ΔABC where → , → and → are the
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
position vectors of the vertices A, B and C respectively.
3. Find position vectors of the points which divides the join of the points 2 → - 3 → and
𝑎 𝑏
3→ - 2 → externally in the ratio 2:3.
𝑎 𝑏

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4. Find the projection of the vector î +3 ĵ +7k on the vector 7î – ĵ + 8k.

5. Find the area of the parallelogram whose diagonals are 2î - 3ĵ + 4k and -3î + 4ĵ – k.
6. Find the cosine of an acute angle between the vectors 2î - 3ĵ + k and î + ĵ -2 k.

7. If | → + → | = | → - → |, then find the angle between a and b .

𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏
8. Find the position vector of the mid point of the vector joining the points P(2,3,4) and
Q(4,1,-2).

II. HOMEWORK:
1. If a vector makes angles α, β, γ with x-axis, y-axis, z-axis respectively, then what is
the value of sin2 α + sin2 β + sin2 γ

2. If a unit vector → makes angles π with î , π with ĵ and an acute angle θ with k , then
𝑎
find ‘θ’ and hence the components of → .
𝑎

CHAPTER 11: THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY

I. WORKSHEET:

1. Find the vector equation of the line through the point (5,2,-4) and which is parallel to
the vector 3î + 2ĵ - 8k.
2. Find the distance of the plane 2x-3y+4z-6=0 from the origin.
3. Find the angle between two planes:
3x - 6y + 2z = 7 and 2x + 2y – 2z = 5

4. A straight line makes angles 60˚ and 45˚ with the positive direction of x – axis and y –
axis respectively. What angle does it make with the z – axis?

5. Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (-1,0,7) and parallel to the
plane 3x - 5y + 4z = 11.
6. Show that the normals to the planes r . (î – ĵ + k) = 4 and r .( 3î + 2ĵ - k) -11 = 0 are
perpendicular to each other.
7. Write the equation of the plane whose intercepts on the co- ordinate axis are
-4, 2 and 3.
8. Find the equation of the plane through the line of intersection of the planes
x + y + z = 1 and 2x + 3y + 4z = 5 which is perpendicular to the plane x – y + z =0.

II. HOMEWORK:
9. Find the image of the point (3,-2,1) in the plane 3x - y + 4z = 2.

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10. If l1, m1, n1 ; l2 , m2 , n2 are the direction cosines of two mutually perpendicular lines.
Show that the direction cosines of the line perpendicular to both of them are m1n2 –
m2n1 , n1l2 – n2l1 , l1m2 – l2m1.

CHAPTER 12: LINEAR PROGRAMMING

I. WORKSHEET:

1. Solve the following problem graphically:

Minimise and Maximise Z= 3x +9y Subject to the constraints: x + 3y ≤ 60
x + y ≥ 10, x ≤ y, x ≥ 0, y≥ 0
2. Determine graphically the minimum value of the objective function.
Z= -50x + 20y Subject to constraints: 2x – y ≥ -5, 3x + y ≥ 3, 2x – 3y ≤ 12
x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0

3. Minimize Z= 3x + 2y Subject to constraints: x + y ≥ 8 , 3x + 5y ≤ 15, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0.

4. Minimize and Maximise Z = 5x + 10y Subject to x + 2y ≤ 120, x + y ≥ 60,

x – 2y ≥ 0,x,y ≥ 0
5. Maximise Z = -x + 2y, Subject to x ≥ 3, x + y ≥ 5, x + 2y ≥ 6, y ≥ 0
6. The corner points of a feasible region determined by the following system of linear
inequalities: 2x + y ≤ 10 , x + 3y ≤ 15 , x,y ≥ 0 are (0,0) , (5,0) , (3,4) and (0,5).
7. If a young man drives his motorcycle at 25 km/hr he has to spend Rs.2 per km on
petrol.If he rides at a faster speed of 40 km/hr the petrol cost
increases to Rs.5 per km. He has Rs.100 to spend on petrol & wishes to
find what is the max. distance he can travel within an hour.Express as LPP & solve it.

II. HOMEWORK:
1. A farmer mixes two brands P and Q of cattle feed. Brand P costing Rs.250 per bag
contains 3 units of nutritional element A, 2.5 units of element B and 2 units of element C
whereas brand Q costing Rs.200 per bag contains 1.5 units of nutritional element A,
11.25 units of element B and 3 units of element C. The minimum requirements of
nutrients A, B and C are 18 unis, 45 units and 24 units respectively. Determine the
number of bags of each brand which should be mixed in order to produce a mixture
having a minimum cost per bag? What is the minimum cost of the mixture per bag?
2. If a 20 year old girl drives her car at 25 km/h, she has to spend Rs 4/km on petrol. If she
drives her car at 40 km/h, the petrol cost increases to Rs 5/km. She has Rs 200 to spend
on petrol and wishes to find the maximum distance she can travel within one hour.
Express the above problem as a Linear Programming Problem.

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 CHAPTER 13: PROBABILITY

I. WORKSHEET:

1. If A and B are two independent events, find P(B) when P(A U B ) = 0.60
and P(A) = 0.35.
2. A card is drawn from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards. The outcome is noted and the
pack is again reshuffled without replacing the card. Another card is then drawn. What
is the probability that the first card is a spade and the second is a Black King.
3. Find the chance of drawing two white balls in succession from a bag containing 3 red
and 5 white balls, the ball first drawn not replaced.
4. Given P(A) = 1/4, P(B) = 2/3 and P(A U B ) = 3/4. Are the events independent?
5. Given P(A) = 0.3, P(B) = 0.2. find P(B/A) if A and B are mutually exclusive events.
6. A bag contains 5 brown and 4 white socks. A man pulls out 2 socks. Find the
probability that these socks are of same colour.
7. Out of 30 consecutive integers, 2 are chosen at random. Find the probability that their
sum is odd.
8. An urn contains 9 balls,two of which are red, 3 blue and 4 black. Three balls are
drawn at random. Find the probability that they are of the same color.
9. If X is a random variable with probability distribution as given below, find the value
of k.
X 0 1 2 3
P(X) K 3K 3K K
10. A random variable X takes the values 0,1,2,3 and its mean is 1.3. If P(X)=3)= 2P(X =
1) and P(X =2)= 0.3. then find P(X = 0).

II. HOMEWORK:
11. If P(A ) = 7/13, P(B) = 9/13 and P(A B) = 4/13. Find P(A’/B).
12. A couple has 2 children. Find the probability that both the children are boys, if it is
known that at least one of the children is a boy.

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