Rev Report Chemical 5

REPORT BASIC CHEMISTRY PRACTICUM V
CONTINUOUS VARIATIONS AND STOICIOMETRY
BY:
HIDAYANTI AZIZUL ROFIAH NS
NIM : 1913071002
S1 SCIENCE EDUCATION
FACULTY OF MATHEMATIC AND MATURAL SCIENCES
GANESHA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION
SINGARAJA
2019
CONTINUOUS VARIATIONS AND STOICIOMETRY
I. Purpose
Students can prove the stoichiometry of chemical reactions based on changes in the
price of physical properties.
II. Basic Theory

The basis of this experiment is the JOB method or the Continuous Variation
method. In this method a series of observations are made with the same total molar
quantity, but each repertoire of molar quantities varies. One particular physical
characteristic is chosen to be examined, for example mass, volume, temperature,
and absorption. Because the quantity of reactants is different, changes in the price
of the physical properties of this system can be used to predict the stoichiometry of
the system. When a graph of the physical properties of the observed (measured)
flow of the reactant quantity is drawn, a maximum or minimum point is obtained
that corresponds to the stoichiometric point of the system. This situation states the
ratio of reagents in compounds.
III. Tools and Materials

Tools:
- 2 100 ml glass beakers
- 10 beaker 50 mL
- 1 measuring cup 10 mL, 50 mL
- 2 dropper pipettes
Materials:
- CuSO4 1 M
- NaOH 2 M, 1 M
- HCl 1 M
- H2SO4 1 M
IV. Work Procedures

1. Stoiciometry System CuSO4 – NaOH
a. Solution CuSO4 1 M and NaOH 2 M are used. 40 mL NaOH is inserted into the
glass and record the temperature.
b. While stirring, the CuSO4 solution has been measured at an initial temperature
added 10 mL and observed mixed temperature. (Note: The temperature of the
CuSO4 solution should be adjusted to the temperature of the solution NaOH in
glasses before mixing).
c. The experiment was repeated, using 20mL NaOH and 30mL CuSO4 ; 10 mL
NaOH and 40 mL CuSO4 ; 30 mL NaOH and 20 mL CuSO4 solution.
2. Stoiciometry Acid – Base

a. Into 5 50mL beakers, enter 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mL of NaOH solution and enter
5 other beakers respectively 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mL of HCl solution.
b.
c. The temperature of each type of solution is measured, recorded, then the
average price is taken (this is the initial temperature, T M)
d. The two solutions are mixed in such a way that the volume of the mixture of
acid and base solution is always fixed, which is 30 ml.
e. Temperature changes that occur during this mixing are observed and recorded
as the final temperature, TA.
Thus the price of ∆T is obtained for each mixing of acid and base solutions
∆T = TA – TM
f. Next, graph ∆T (y axis) and acid-base volume (x axis)
g. Do the same experiment with a mixture of NaOH and H2SO4. What differences
might there be compared to previous experiments.
V. Observation Result
1. Stoiciometry CuSO4 – NaOH
Solution NaOH (ml) CuSO4 (ml) TM TA ºC ∆T
A 40 10 31,5ºC 32ºC 0,5ºC

B 20 30 31,5ºC 33ºC 1,5ºC
C 10 40 32ºC 32ºC 0ºC
D 30 20 32ºC 33ºC 1ºC
2. a. Stoiciometry NaOH – HCl

Solution NaOH (ml) HCl (ml) TM TA ∆T
A 5 25 30,5 ºC 30 ºC -0,5 ºC
B 10 20 30,5 ºC 31 ºC 0,5 ºC
C 15 15 30,5 ºC 32 ºC 1,5 ºC
D 20 10 30 ºC 31 ºC 1 ºC
E 25 5 31 ºC 31 ºC 0 ºC
b. Stoiciometry NaOH – H2SO4

Solution NaOH (ml) H2SO4 (ml) TM TA ∆T
A 5 25 31,5ºC 32 ºC 0,5 ºC
B 10 20 31,5ºC 33 ºC 1,5 ºC
C 15 15 31,5ºC 34 ºC 2,5 ºC
D 20 10 31,5ºC 35 ºC 3,5 ºC
E 25 5 31ºC 33 ºC 2 ºC
Analysis Data:
NO Procedure Observation result Picture
Stoiciometry CuSO4 – NaOH
1 10 ml of CuSO4 + 40 - The color of the solution
ml of NaOH becomes darker black
- There is black sediment at the
bottom of the beaker
- While the clear part is black
Picture of 10 ml of
CuSO4 + 40 ml of
NaOH
2 30 ml of CuSO4 + 20 - The color of the solution turns
ml of NaOH greenish blue
- There is a blue precipitate on
the bottom of the beaker
- Whereas at the top the clear
solution is blue
Picture of 30 ml of
CuSO4 + 20 ml of
NaOH
3 40 ml of CuSO4 +10 - The color of the solution turns
ml of NaOH blue
- There is a blue precipitate on
the bottom of the beaker
- Whereas at the top the clear
solution is blue
Picture of 40 ml of
CuSO4 +10 ml of
NaOH
4 20 ml of CuSO4 + 30 - The color of the solution
ml of NaOH becomes black
- There are many black deposits
on the bottom of the beaker
- While at the top there is a little
clear black solution
Picture of 20 ml of
CuSO4 + 30 ml of
NaOH
Reaksi : 2NaOH(aq) + CuSO4(aq) → Cu(OH)2(s) + Na2SO4(aq)
Stoiciometry NaOH – HCl
1 5 ml NaOH +25 ml - There is no change in the
HCl color of the solution
- There are no deposits
- There is a change in
temperature
Picture of 5 ml
NaOH +25 ml HCl
2 10 ml of NaOH + 20 - There is no change in the
ml of HCl color of the solution
temperature
Picture of 10 ml of
NaOH + 20 ml of
HCl
3 15 ml NaOH + 15 ml - There is no change in the
temperature
Picture of 15 ml
NaOH + 15 ml HCl
4 20 ml NaOH +10 ml - There is no change in the
temperature
Picture of 20 ml
NaOH +10 ml HCl
5 25 ml of NaOH + 5 - There is no change in the
ml of HCl color of the solution
temperature
Picture of 25 ml of
NaOH + 5 ml of
HCl
Reaksi : NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
Stoiciometry NaOH – H2SO4
1 5 ml of NaOH + 25 - The solution becomes clear
ml of H2SO4 yellow in color
temperature
Picture of 5 ml of
NaOH + 25 ml of
H2SO4
2 10 ml of NaOH + 20 - The solution becomes clear
ml of H2SO4 yellow in color
temperature
Picture of 10 ml of
NaOH + 20 ml of
H2SO4
3 15 ml NaOH + 15 ml - Colorless solution
H2SO4 - There are no deposits
temperature
Picture of 15 ml
NaOH + 15 ml
H2SO4
4 20 ml NaOH + 10 ml - Colorless solution
H2SO4 - There are no deposits
temperature
Picture of 20 ml
NaOH + 10 ml
H2SO4
5 25 ml of NaOH + 5 - Colorless solution
ml of H2SO4 - There are no deposits
temperature
Picture of 25 ml of
NaOH + 5 ml of
H2SO4
Reaksi : 2NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
Based on the data obtained, the following results are obtained:
Stoiciometry CuSO4 – NaOH
VNaOH VCuSO4 Mmol Mmol 𝑴𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑪𝒖𝑺𝑶𝟒
NO TM TA ∆T
1M 0,5M NaOH CuSO4 𝑴𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑵𝒂𝑶𝑯
1 40 10 31,5ºC 32ºC 0,5ºC 40 5 0,125
2 20 30 31,5ºC 33ºC 1,5ºC 20 15 0,75
3 10 40 32ºC 32ºC 0ºC 10 20 2
4 30 20 32ºC 33ºC 1ºC 30 10 0,33
Calculation:
1. 10 ml CuSO4 +40 ml NaOH
𝑇CuSO4+TNaOH 31+32
TM= = = 31,5℃
2 2
TA= 32ºC
∆T = TA– TM= 32 – 31,5 = 0,5 ºC
Mmol NaOH = VNaOH x MNaOH = 40 x 1 = 40
Mmol CuSO4= V CuSO4+ M CuSO4= 10 x 0,5 = 5
Mmol CuSO4 5
= = 40 = 0,125
Mmol NaOH

TM= = = 31,5℃
2 2
TA= 33ºC
∆T = TA– TM= 33 – 31,5 = 1,5 ºC
Mmol CuSO4 15
= = = 0,75
Mmol NaOH 20

TM= = = 32℃
2 2
TA= 32ºC
∆T = TA– TM= 32 – 32 = 0 ºC
Mmol CuSO4 20
= = 10 = 2
Mmol NaOH
TM= = = 32℃
2 2
TA= 33ºC
∆T = TA– TM= 33 – 32 = 1 ºC
Mmol CuSO4 10
= = = 0,33
Mmol NaOH 30
Stoiciometry NaOH – HCl

VNaOH VHCl Mmol Mmol 𝑴𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑵𝒂𝑶𝑯
NO TM TA ∆T
0,5M 0,5M NaOH HCl 𝑴𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑯𝑪𝒍
1 5 25 30,5 ºC 30 ºC -0,5 ºC 2,5 12,5 0,2
2 10 20 30,5 ºC 31 ºC 0,5 ºC 5 10 0,5
3 15 15 30,5 ºC 32 ºC 1,5 ºC 7,5 7,5 1
4 20 10 30 ºC 31 ºC 1 ºC 10 5 2
5 25 5 31 ºC 31 ºC 0 ºC 12,5 2,5 5
Calculation:
1. 5 ml NaOH + 25 ml HCl
𝑇NaOH+THCl 30+31
TM= = = 30,5℃
2 2
TA= 30ºC
∆T = TA– TM= 30 – 30,5 = -0,5 ºC
Mmol NaOH = VNaOH x MNaOH = 5 x 0,5 = 2,5
Mmol HCl = VHCl+ MHCl = 25 x 0,5 = 12,5
Mmol NaOH 2,5
= = 12,5 = 0,2
Mmol HCl
𝑇NaOH+THCl 30+31
TM= = = 30,5℃
2 2
TA= 31ºC
∆T = TA– TM= 31 – 30,5 = 0,5 ºC
Mmol NaOH = VNaOH x MNaOH = 10 x 0,5 = 5
Mmol HCl = VHCl+ MHCl = 20 x 0,5 = 10
Mmol NaOH 5
= = 10 = 0,5
Mmol HCl
𝑇NaOH+THCl 30+31
TM= = = 30,5℃
2 2
TA= 32ºC
∆T = TA– TM= 32 – 30,5 = 1,5 ºC
Mmol NaOH 7,5
= = 7,5 = 1
Mmol HCl
4. 20 ml NaOH +10 ml HCl

𝑇NaOH+THCl 30+30
TM= = = 30℃
2 2
TA= 31ºC
∆T = TA– TM= 31 – 30 = 1 ºC
Mmol HCl = VHCl+ MHCl = 10 x 0,5 = 5
Mmol NaOH 10
= = =2
Mmol HCl 5
𝑇NaOH+THCl 31+31
TM= = = 31℃
2 2
TA= 31ºC
∆T = TA– TM= 31 – 31 = 0 ºC
Mmol NaOH 12,5
= = =5
Mmol HCl 2,5
StoiciometryNaOH – H2SO4
VNaOH VH2SO4 Mmol Mmol 𝑴𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑵𝒂𝑶𝑯
NO TM TA ∆T
0,5M 0,5M NaOH H2SO4 𝑴𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑯𝟐 𝑺𝑶𝟒
1 5 25 31,5ºC 32 ºC 0,5 ºC 2,5 12,5 0,2
2 10 20 31,5ºC 33 ºC 1,5 ºC 5 10 0,5
3 15 15 31,5ºC 34 ºC 2,5 ºC 7,5 7,5 1
4 20 10 31,5ºC 35 ºC 3,5 ºC 10 5 2
5 25 5 31ºC 33 ºC 2 ºC 12,5 2,5 5
Calculation:
1. 5 ml NaOH + 25 ml H2SO4
𝑇NaOH+TH2SO4 31+32
TM= = = 31,5℃
2 2
TA= 32ºC
∆T = TA– TM= 32 – 31,5 = 0,5 ºC
Mmol H2SO4= V H2SO4+ M H2SO4= 25 x 0,5 = 12,5
Mmol NaOH 2,5
= Mmol H2SO4 = 12,5 = 0,2
TM= = = 31,5℃
2 2
TA= 33ºC
∆T = TA– TM= 33 – 31,5 = 1,5 ºC
Mmol H2SO4= V H2SO4+ M H2SO4= 20 x 0,5 = 10
Mmol NaOH 5
= Mmol H2SO4 = 10 = 0,5
TM= = = 31,5℃
2 2
TA= 34ºC
∆T = TA– TM= 34 – 31,5 = 2,5 ºC
Mmol NaOH 7,5
= Mmol H2SO4 = 7,5 = 1
TM= = = 31,5℃
2 2
TA= 35ºC
∆T = TA– TM= 35 – 31,5 = 3,5 ºC
Mmol H2SO4= V H2SO4+ M H2SO4= 10 x 0,5 = 5
Mmol NaOH 10
= Mmol H2SO4 = =2
5
TM= = = 31℃
2 2
TA= 33ºC
∆T = TA– TM= 33 – 31 = 2 ºC
Mmol NaOH 12,5
= Mmol H2SO4 = =5
2,5
Stoichiometric Graph:
1. Stoiciometry Graph CuSO4 – NaOH
Stoiciometry Graph CuSO4 – NaOH

2
1.5 0.75, 1.5

∆T
1 0.33, 1
0.5 0.125, 0.5
0 2, 0
0.125 0.75 2 0.33
Mmol (CuSO4)/(Mmol NaOH)
Graph 1. CuSO4 – NaOH
2. Stoiciometry Graph NaOH – HCl
Stoiciometry Graph NaOH – HCl

2
1.5 1, 1.5
1 2, 1
∆T
0.5 0.5, 0.5

0 5, 0
0.2 0.5 1 2 5
-0.5 0.2, -0.5
-1
(𝑴𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑵𝒂𝑶𝑯)/(𝑴𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑯𝑪𝒍)
Graph 2. NaOH – HCl

3. Stoiciometry Graph NaOH – H2SO4
Stoiciometry Graph NaOH – H2SO4

4
3.5 2, 3.5
3
2.5 1, 2.5
∆T
2 5, 2
1.5 0.5, 1.5
1
0.5 0.2, 0.5
0
0.2 0.5 1 2 5
(𝑴𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑵𝒂𝑶𝑯)/(𝑴𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑯𝟐𝑺O𝟒 )
Graph 3. NaOH – H2SO4
Discussion:
Stoichiometry is a field in chemistry that concerns the quantitative relationship
between substances involved in chemical reactions, both as reactants and as a result of
reactions. Stoichiometry also involves the comparison of atoms between elements in a
chemical formula, based on the Continuous Variation method, which in this method is
carried out a series of observations of the same molar quantity. But each quantity of
reagents changes. One of the chosen physical properties is examined such as mass,
volume, temperature, and absorption. Therefore the quantity of reagents is different,
changes in the price of the physical properties of this system can be used to predict the
stoichiometry of the system. In the results of our experiments on the highest
temperature CuSO4 - NaOH stoiciometry there was a reaction whose volume was 20
mL NaOH with 30 mL CuSO4 at 1.5ºC and the lowest temperature at volume 10 mL
NaOH with 40 mL CuSO4 at 0ºC. In the experiments between CuSO4 - NaOH, the
sediment produced black or blue. Whereas, the highest temperature of NaOH - HCl
stoiciometry is in the volume of 15 ml of NaOH and 15 ml of HCl with a temperature
of 1.5 ºC and the lowest temperature is in the volume of 5 ml NaOH and 25 ml of HCl
with a temperature of -0.5 ºC. In the experiments between NaOH - HCl there was no
change in color, there was no sediment but there was a change in temperature. In
stoiciometryNaOH - H2SO4 the highest temperature is in the volume of 20 ml NaOH
and 10 ml H2SO4 with a temperature of 3.5 ºC. While the lowest temperature is in the
volume of 5 ml of NaOH and 25 ml of H2SO4 with a temperature of 0.5ºC. In the
experiment between NaOH - H2SO4 the solution changes color, there is no deposition
and there is a change in temperature. Explanation of the results of the experimental
graph, the X axis shows Mmol substance one / Mmol substance two and the Y axis
shows ΔT. The graph shows the temperature that occurred was decreased and
increased.
VI. Conclusions
From the experiments that have been carried out, it can be concluded that:
1. Stoiciometry – NaOH
The reaction in the CuSO4 - NaOH system reaches the maximum point at
coordinates (0.75; 1.5) at temperature (∆T = 1.5 oC) and the minimum point at
coordinates (2; 0) at temperature (∆T = 0oC).
2. Stoiciometry NaOH – HCl
The reaction in the NaOH – HCl system reaches the maximum point at
coordinates (1; 1.5) at temperature (∆T = 1.5 oC) and the minimum point at
coordinates (0.2; -0.5) at temperature (∆T = -0,5 oC).
3. Stoiciometry NaOH - H2SO4
The reaction in the NaOH - HCl system reaches the maximum point at
coordinates (2; 3.5) at temperature (∆T = 3.5 oC) and the minimum point at
coordinates (0.2; 0.5) at temperature (∆T = 0.5 oC).
After conducting these experiments, but errors still occur due to several factors such
as when using a thermometer that touches the bottom of the beaker so that it affects
the temperature measurement.
VII. Reference
Book Basic Chemistry Practicum 1 (by Drs. I Wayan Subagia, MappSc., Ph.D. and
Dra. Suheimi Sya'ban, M.Pd.).
Singaraja, November, 15, 2019

Supporting Lecturers, Practices,
(Dr. I Nyoman Suardana, M.Si) (Hidayanti Azizul Rofiah NS)

NIP.196611231993031001 NIM. 1913071002

Rev Report Chemical 5

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Rev Report Chemical 5

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

REPORT BASIC CHEMISTRY PRACTICUM V

CONTINUOUS VARIATIONS AND STOICIOMETRY

II. Basic Theory

III. Tools and Materials

IV. Work Procedures

2. Stoiciometry Acid – Base

Solution NaOH (ml) CuSO4 (ml) TM TA ºC ∆T

A 40 10 31,5ºC 32ºC 0,5ºC

2. a. Stoiciometry NaOH – HCl

b. Stoiciometry NaOH – H2SO4

4 30 20 32ºC 33ºC 1ºC 30 10 0,33

2. 30 ml CuSO4 +20 ml NaOH

3. 40 ml CuSO4 +10 ml NaOH

Stoiciometry NaOH – HCl

4. 20 ml NaOH +10 ml HCl

Stoiciometry Graph CuSO4 – NaOH

1.5 0.75, 1.5

0.5 0.125, 0.5

Graph 1. CuSO4 – NaOH

2. Stoiciometry Graph NaOH – HCl

Stoiciometry Graph NaOH – HCl

0.5 0.5, 0.5

Graph 2. NaOH – HCl

Stoiciometry Graph NaOH – H2SO4

Graph 3. NaOH – H2SO4

Singaraja, November, 15, 2019

(Dr. I Nyoman Suardana, M.Si) (Hidayanti Azizul Rofiah NS)

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi