N!LIC^TIONS TO LA!

lPM'M DESICN

A D ot ls drawn with coordinaresof liquid-phase

temoentL.e v{sus enthalpv ol the gas phase.On
it. rhe locus of interface H, and r, valles can be
olotied by realizlngthat at the interfacethe vapor
phasewi lbe saruratedat the interiacetemperature
if the assumptionth6t equilibrium existsat a phase ;'M
boundary ls te.ab e. From the $iuration curve on
the air-water humiditv chart, ihe eturation molal
h!midlty can be obtained lor anv desiredlempera'
rure, The sat!ration, or lnterface, enthalpv can
then be calc!lated or read from rhe humiditv s
O n t h e s a m ep l o t , a n " o p e r a t l n gl i n e " o f / i /
vereus rr can be plotied bv comblrlng Equations a
11,42 and 17.43 and integraiing,This curv€ repre
s e n r si h e p a t h o f b u l k _ p h a s ceo n d i t o n s a s t h e
I l u i d sp a $ t h r o u q ht h e 0 n i t , T h u s ,

1"" v au,,=["' t, ar, rt.sct L!qi knFcNtrrrro' qr

",
wherethe mi$ aqan relerto the botlom andtop
o f i h e c o l u m nI.n t e g r anlq ,
V ' \ H v z- H v l ) = L N C L I T L 2 ' T L 1 )
{17.s5)
Hv2 - Hvi _ LNcL
117.56)
Ttz - T,' V the inrerohasecondltionsdesignatedbv (Ir,', ri'1.
T h h e q u a t o n g i v e st h e s l o p eo l t h e H v v e 6 u s f L
"ope.ating" ine as L.tcLlV Fat the air-w6ter
svstem and for most other dil!!e gatsoLution
svstems, thls rallo ls constan! over 3 moderate
, . d t h e s t r ag h t H r ' v e 6 ! s f L l n e
h u m i d i ! v r a n q ea
c a . b e d e t e r m i i e df r o m k n o w L e d goef t h e l l q u l d -
and garphase flow ratesand the conditions ot both
s i r e a m sa i o n e e n d o l t h e c o l u m n , o r a t e r n a t e l v
rhe line can be localed f.bm lhe condltions at both
Figure 17.18 shows such a diaqram lor a
h ! m i d i f i c a t i o n o p e r a t i o n .T h e e q u i l i b r i u mc u r v e
representedon it was obtalned iiom data on the
an-water psychrometric hart, Appendix D l4
O n r h i s c u r v ea r e l o c a t e da L p o s s l b lceo n d i t i o n s o l
fr, ,r throlghout the co umn, Llne ,18C k the
o p e r a l r n ql r n e c o n r a i nn g a I v a i u e so f H v c o r
. e s p o n d r n tgo l r q u i dr e m p e r a r u F( r L r t h r o u q h o u t
rhe colomn. This ine could have been obtained
from knowledoe oi the two end conditions.
t r , , . H v 1 l r n d l T L 2 , H v 2 \ . o r n o m e i t h e ro ' e o r
r h ; r t w o D l u st h e 5 o p e 1 1 " , . 1 / v ' J O n i h i 5 I n c .
p o i n t I r e p r e s e . ca . a r b l i r a r vp o i n t i n t h e c o L u m n
at which lhe iqdid temperature and gas enthalpv
Fiquru17,13,Gi!Phic.l
opdato^.
riquidcont.ctlno
h a v e t h e v a l o e so l f L , a i d H v i T h e i n t e r l a c e
c o n d i t i o n sa t i h i s p o i n t c a n b e f o u n d b y u s i n g
E q ! a t o n 1 7 , 5 3 ,T h u s ,a l i e i n e s t a r t i n ga t p o i n t a
a i d h a v i i s a s o p e e q u a lt o - h L s l k y a w i l l i n t e r
sect the equilibrium c!rve ai the interface condi'
t i o n s c o r r e s p o n d i nt qo p o i n t I P o n t / r e p r e s e n t s
n t h i s w a v , l n t e r l a c ec o n d i t l o i s c a n b e f o u . d
cofiespondln! to any poin! between ,4 and C on
t h e o p e r a t l n gI n e . O i c o u t s e ,v a l u e so f k y , 8 n d
,!a appLlcable lo the column co.drtrons are
necessarv,UsuallY,these values must be obtained
F f o m r h l s c o n s t r u cot . , , E q o a t i o n1 7 5 1 c a n
now be integrated graphicaly. The neceserY
d r i v l n a l o r c el n r e r n s o f e n t h a l p yi s d e t e r mn e d r o f
r e p r d s ; n t a t i vpeo i n t st h r o l g h o L r t h e c o l u m n . F o r
p o l n t A o n F q l r e 1 7 . 1 8 ,t h i s w o u l d b e l t , , -
Hr) lfe rhen
Hv,). Valu* a\ vlskva(Hi
p otted aqainstH/ and the area under th s curve
.r-"terminedb.tlveen the limlrsol Hv1 a.d Hv2 n
o r d e r t o f i n . l t h e c o l u m n h e l g h t( z ) . S o l u i i o n so l
t h i s e r t i n r d r m so f t e m p e r a t u raen d c o n c e n t r a t l o n
d r i v l n gl o r c e sh a v eb e e nc a r l e d o ! t i n c h a p t e r s1 4 .
1 5 ,a n d 1 6 .
L \ r m p l r l 7 I A w a t e r { o o l i n qt o w e r o i n e
woodndr i o r c e dJ r a r i , .ounter.u(enrr ow
v a n e t v c o o L 5w a t e r k o m 4 5 " C t o 2 5 " c w h e r ' r h e
a m b l e n ra i r k a t 3 2 ' C w i t h a w e t b ! l b t e m p e r a t u r e
o f 1 5 ' C . P r e v i o u se x p e r i e . c ew i t h l o w e r o l t h s
design leadsth€ engineerto predict that ,Lal
k y a = 6 0 0 j o u l e / m o l " ca n d t h a t / < y , { m o L / h r ) =
0.2 //S. A liquid rate of 900 mol/hr m' or tower
c r o $s e c t i own i l l b eu s e d .
( a ) D e t e r m i ni he e m l n i m u mg a sr a t e -A t t h i s
rare,rherewill be a zerodrivirg lorce emewhere
i n t h e @ ! ! m n ,a n da n i n f i n i r e lhYi g ht o w e r w i l l b e
nece$ary.usually,at minlmumgasrate,the exLt
a d w i l l b ei n e q u i l i b r i u w
mi t ht h ei n l e t w a t e r .
(b) Determine the nece$arylower heishtll a
(a)
s a sf o w r a t et w i c et h e m i n i m u mf o u n di n p a r t
3
SolulionThis problemcan be soved lsins
the graphicalmethodoutllnedabove For this, an 6
enthalpv-lemperature plot mosi be made,and the
locur of litertace condillonsmust be plottedon
r h i sd i a g G mT. h e p l o l i s m a d eh o m F l g u r c1 7 . 1 3
W r e p l o t t i ntqh e c u r v e o ef t u r a t s da i re n t h a l pavs
6 f!nction of temper6turs
T h e i n e t a n d o u t l e t k n o w nc o n dt i o n sa r e
s h o w no n F l g u r e1 7 . 1 9Tr h ee n t h ap y o f t h e m o i s t
a l r c a nb e d e t e r m i n el rdo m t h e h u m i d i t vd i a s r a m 1 i a t1 1 , ' c
by taki.9 advantEge of the iact that the adiabatic' Fisure 17,20. Cruphical rcprcsenhtion ot drvng forces,
saturatio. curves are li.es ol nearlv constant
e n r h a L oTvh. u st,h e i n l e ta i re n t h ap y i st h e$ m e a s
r h a t o f s a t u r a t eadi f a t 1 5 " C .F r o mF l q u r e1 7 1 3 , s e c t t h e e q u i l i bur m c u r v ea t o n e o f t h e s ee n d
f l y r = 1 2 0 0i o u l s s / m odlr Y a i r .T h ec o i d i t i o . sa t c o n d io t n s ,T h u s a , t i h e t o p o { t h ec o u m n ,t h eg a s
t h e b o t t o mo i t h e t o w e r( H y r , f L r ) c a i n o wb e s v e a m k s r i l l
n o t s a t u r a t eadt t h e l i q u l dt a m p e r a
p l o t t e da n dd r es h o w na t p o i n tC o n F i g u , e1 72 0 t u r e .T h er a r u l t i n o s p e r a t i nLgl i ei s a E o n F l g ! . e
T h eH / , f L o p e c l l n gi i n ew i l b es t r a l g h8tn d 17.20
h a v ea s l o p eo l L ! " c L l / F o r t h e m i n i m u msas F r o mt h ed o p eo t r h h l . e
r a t ec a l l e dr o r n p a r t( a ) , l h l sl l n ew i l Lb e t a n s e i l
c ! r v e a ! s o m ep o r n tb e t w e e n -
!o the equilibrium -l .- .=c , 5 9 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 J 5
i n L ear . d o ! t e t c o L ! m nc o n d i t i o n o s ,r w i l l i n t e F :-= i o l l e / m o" c

9 0 0x 7 5 . 3 1
= -l:s = ZaA.qroVL, -.

w h i c hi st h ea n s w et ro p a r r( . 1 .
F o r a g a sf l o w r a t el / = 2 V ' . v / s = 5 7 68
n r o l / hm . h es o p eo i t h eo p e r a"ot,g! i n ek
r ' zT
L-..c' 235
v2
and the line CA .esults. The position of poi.t A
q l v e sH / , = 3 5 5 0 , b l r r e L s . o t h i n g a b o u l r y r .
F r o m B y , r h e v a l u eo i 1 f . ) / 2 , t h e e x i t w e r b u l b
t e m p e r a t u r e ,q u a l s3 4 " C .
S n c e I h e o p e r a t i n qi n e p o s i t i o ni 5 l i i e d , t i e
i n N r u n i i n g r m m a . y p o i n t o n t h e o p e c r i n gl l n e
Figua 17.19. Corumnco.dirionr ror to the equilalenr lnterlace condltion on ihe equl
lbriLm c!rve can be plotted. From Equation
 AIPIICATIONS TO FOTII!MLNT DESNN

Lad+h* kdFDfurc ?;
Fisuru 17.22. Mininuh qas rate wth:erodr v n9
rore barw€n the.olumn en&,

coftespondin t og p o i n t E , i h e o l t e r g a ss r e a m
F{ro 17,21 Graphic.i nr.gcr dn or rhs dsisi aquaioii f f o m a i i n f i n i t e l yt a L lc o u m . o p e r a t i nagt m i n-
m o ml a p o rr a t ew o u l db es a t ! r a t ead1r L 2 ,
* I n E x a m p l e1 7 . 3 ,i n t e g r a t i oonf E q u a t l o n
1 7 , 5 3 , t h e s et i e l l n * w I h a v e t h e s t o p e 1 7 , 5 1t o g e t t h e r e q l i r e dt o w e .h e l g h rw a sd o n e
- r L a l k y a = - 6 0 0 . S u c ht i e l i n e sa f es h o w ia sC C , , g f a p h l c ya, I n c o n t f a stto o t h e rr a t eo p e r 6 t i o n 5 ,
PPi,AOi,RRr, andBBt ar Figute17.20. t h e a r a l y t l c ai ln t e g r a r i oonl t h e d e s i g ne q u s t l o n
Con€spondiigva uss ot Hv andHt canrcw f 0 r h ! m l d i f i c a t l oi n
s n o t v e r yd f f i c ! l t .T h er e a s o n
b € t a k e nf r o mt h e d i a g r a ma,n d r h a d e s i g n eq!a. i s t h a t a l i n f o r m a t i onne c e s s al royr r h e s ou t i o n l s
t i o n i n t e g r a t egdr a p h i c a l l yd, s h o w n n F g ! r e g i v e . i n e q u s t i o nf o r m e x c e p tt h e e q u l b l rium
17.21. curye.Eecause thls curueh a waysrhesamefor the
a r-water system/ t can be represented by o.e
l H', - H -' l - - ' empr cal equation to any desired desree of
,kra\Hi- Hvl
accuracY f o r a l l h u m i d icf a t i o n p . o be m s , F o r
25 1200 2000 800 0,00625
30 1300 850 0,00533
35 2400 1000 0.00500 H t = 2 A 1 1- 1 O 7 . 1 T t4+. 5 1 T t 2 1 1 7 . 5 7 )
40 3000 4250 1250 0,00400
1700 r e p r e s n t st h e e q u i l i b r l l mc ( r r u e
b e t w e e n1 5 a n d
45 3550 0.00294
5 0 " Cw i t h i na b o l tt 3 p e r c e not ,f r h ee q u . r i o n
F r o mw h i c h z =a . e a u n d e r c u rruAe - I 1 . 0 2m .
,9r= 2295- 63.85rr+ 0.598TJ 111.57a1
The situationoccurii.g asthe vaporrareused g r v e sa s m i l a r f e p r e s e n t a t i o
i n E x a m pe 1 7 . 3i sd e c r e N et do w a r dt h em i n i m u m i nn E n Oh h L n i t s
b e f l v e e0n0 a n d 1 2 0 " F .U s i n sE q l a t o f 1 7 . 5 7o r
. a t e s h o u l db e e x a m i n eadq a i f .A s t h e v a p o r a t e 1 7 . 5 7aaL o . gw i t ht h et l e i n ee q ! a t i o n
decreases, the operatingine, originallyCA, moves
toward the poslllonof CA. As t doesso, rhe hLa _ Hv H)
(17.53)
columnheight@uld haveto be increased to allow kya fL ,
the requiredtra.sier io occur despirerhe smalLer
drivinglorces.Eventually,at the minimumvapor a n d t h e e q u a t l o ni o r t h € o p e r a t i n ql i n e ,
r a r e ,a n i n f i n i i e l yt a l l c o l u h n w o ! d b e r e q u i r e d . Hv-Ha L",cL
Evenfor sucha tower,rhe outlerair would not be (17.56)
sntu.aredat the liquidtemperarLre. The siruarion ft,fu v'
i s e m p h a s i z ei nd F i s u r e1 7 . 2 2 w , h e r et h e o l t e t
galphaseenthalpyh show. at point O for a linite
c o l u m na . d a t O ' l o r a n i n l i n i r eo n e .O f c o o r s ei f, , tHv2 V'dHv
the oLtlet watertemperature @re reddcedto that
 Lo' bPi'rrq rSor,,o.ipdL S!bstirutlngrhe astrwo equarions
inro rh€ desiUn
r o r m a y i n r e g r a t e sdi n c ef o u r e q u a r i o n a s r ea v a i
a b e i n r h e v a r i a be sr , , , y , I , , a n t r i T h e m o s
. obj. , do o, 4 uno rne 1 8 1 . O+71 . 4 8 4 1 1 d )r .
d e s i s ne q u a t i o ni . t e r m so r 4 a . d r h e n f r e s r ; i i s
3 1 4 3- 1 8 8 . 2 r i +3 . 7 6 8 f , 2
o o d b , op r o I d rd F o , . . o - . r p .
, o . E a a . : t i L rL a o d . o , o p p , , (s)
to hore rhan one problen. Th!s, rhe oraph ca The ind cated integraton ca. be performed afre.
s o r u n o n s u s u a l l ye a s i e trh a . r h e d e r v a t t o no f r f t h e l i m i G a r e e x p r e $ e di n r e r h s o f , . S o t v i n o
a . a l y t c a le x p r e $ i o nf o r r t r ee q u i t i b r i u mc u r v e , E q u a t i o n( e ) , I , r - 2 3 . 6 5 ' C a n d r t l = 4 1 . 1 9 " i
T h e i n t e g r a r t o n oEf q u a t i o .( g ) c a nb e d o n e i .
lxrnrpic t7.4. Sotve Exanpto 17.3{b) twopartsby breakin9lhe inregratinto 1wo separate
a n a l y t ' . a l Vu s i n qt h e r e 3 u l r so b r a . e d i n E ^ a m oe Inleqrahof the iorms
r7.l{d)
S o l u ( i o nT h e c o n d i ro n s i m p o 3 e d b v ti;!);=7*!=,^'-4""=;
E r d ' n pe l 7 I r e s u r t . t h e r o l t o wn g n u m p c a l
5 u b s t r t ! t ' o n si . r o E q ! r r o r 5 T 7 5 1 , t 7 5 6 a n d

_600=j: )i* a,i*

Tt-7,
r b,
Hv-1204=11A(TL-251 (b) = . - n t a + b i + c \ z^
) - dx
: -_-----
dHv . s e r t n 9 t h e p r o p e rn l m b e r s a . d e ov r n oo i v e s ?=
'Hvj
A . 2 l H i _H v l 1 1 9 4m e t e B .
c o m b i nf 9 E q r i r i o n s l r ) a i d l b ) 3 n d s o v n 9 f o r T h e a n s w e r so b t a i n e dt o r r h e c o t u m nh e i o h r
l n E x a m pe s 1 7 . 3a . d 1 7 . 4 d i r f e r b v a b o l t I o ; r
c e n t .T h i s h t h e s o r i o i p f e c i s i o io . e c o ! t d e x ; e c t
Hi-Hv=60A|TL-Tl (a) i f d n ^ a 9 r a p hc a i n r e g r s t i o .b s e d u p o n F i g l r e
Hv-1200=118T1-2950 / / . r J J n o r f e u s eo r a c r l ( t e r e p r e s e . t aot n o t t h e
e q u b r i ! . n c u r v e P r o b a b t yt h e a i s w e ro b r r n e d i n
_ Hv + 1754 t ^ a m p l e l 7 4 i s m o r e p r e cs e ,b l t b o r h f e r u t r sa r e
" I t8 w e w i t h i n i h e p r e i s i o n o f t h e k n o w t e d q €c o n .
c e r n. g r h e v a f s f e r c o e f f c i e o t s .o r h * a r q e u . .
c o ' n b n l n s ( o )a n d ( b ) a n d s i m pi f y i n s l
c e r t a i n t i e si n c ! d e n o n u r i r o r m f t o w d c i l b i , r i o n
a b i l i t yt o p . e d i c to p e r a t i n g
c o n d i t j o n sa n d f e q u i r e :
H,- H,,= 6oal!!:11.59 r\' l n e n t s , ! n s t e a d ys r a t e e f f e c t s .a n d i n a c c u r a c vi n
lt8 h!midity measufsments.These etroB and u;cer
4 " 6 . 0 8 H l- 6 0 0 4 + 8 8 9 8 l d ) r a r n re s d o n o t s h o w u p h e r e ,b u t m a y b e h l c h
o o r e d a m a g r n gr o d e s i q np e r r o h a n c e c a p a b i t i r y
N o wr h i se q u a t i ocna . b e c o m b i n ewdi t h r h ee a u a t h a . a r e t h e e t r o r s n v o t v e di n t h e s ec a t c ua t t o n s
r i o o o r t h e e q u i t i b r i ucm! r v e( E q ! a t i o nt 7 . S 7 ir o
o b t a i na y e a I u n c r i o o nf I
2 0 11 1 O 7 . 1 + r J4 . 5 1 T i=, 6 . 0 8 / r y- 6 0 0 I , + B 8 9 B A s s h o w n€ a r l l e rh e e E q u a t i o n s1 4 , 4 9a n d 1 4 . 5 0 ) ,
r h e i n d i v i d u a tm a $ . t r a n s f e r6 e f f i c i e n r s m a y b e
converredio overa I coefiicienrs if the eq!itibrtum
H v - 1 1 3 2+ a 1 - A 1 T j0+. 7 4 2 12 (.) curve s stGrqhr. t. rhts case, an overa| drivtnq
F r o mE q u a t i o n( e
s )a o d1 7 . 5 7 r o . c e m l n a l s o b e u s e d .l n F j s u r o1 7 . i 8 r h e v e r
t car dinafce AD represenrssuch an overal drivino
Hi Hv - 3143 1AA.2rt+3.j68T2 iorce Poifr D{IL, drl represen* utumred upor
anddifferentiatins Equarion{e) gives of the butk tiquid and i5
r o e n r c a r n c o n c e p tt o t h e , , e . r u i j b r i u m e o r i v a
d H v - t a 1 . a l + 1 . 4 a 4 T )d T t (f) lent" lsed in ma$rransfer work. The aporopriare
 ffllcArroNs ro caurP E\r bfsrcN

t e r m s o l g a r p h a s er e s l s t a n caen d d r i v i n g
- dHv = Kyh\H' I V.|H,,
=H.N--)
'| s t n \ H , _ H v ) l1l51h\
for constant Y and Kya \

--v, z Deteminrliorol Rulk4rs Phxs.Tehp.ratLue

(:: {t7.59)
I t w a s s h o w n e * l i e r { E x a m p l e1 7 . 3 a f d F i g ! r e
1 7 . 2 2 ) t h a r f o r s i m u l t a n e o u sh e a t a . d m a s t
A s w i t h t h e e q u i L l b! m r equivalen l ot r m a $ t r a n s t e ro p e r a t i o n sa, s w e i l a s w i t h m a $ t r a n n e r
t r a n s f e rp, o i n tD \ T 1 , , H ' \ i s n o t , n s e n e r at,h e a n d w l t h h e a rt r a n s t e r o p e r a t i o n s ,t a n g e n c yo r
i n t e r l a c@ e n d l t i o na t a p o n t i . t h e c o l u m w n hefe i n t e r s e c t i o no f o p e r a t i r g a n d e q u l l l b r i ! m l . e s
t h e b u l k - p h a sc eo n dt i o n sg i \ ep a i n lA ( T L . ,H v . ) ) rep.esentsa polnt oi zero d.iv n9 force and hence
n o r d o e si t r e p r e s e nt ht e i q u l d - p h acsoen d i t l o n s c a n b e a r t a. e d o . i y w l t h a n l . f i n r € l y a r g ec o n
equivalen t ot s o m ek n o w ng a $ p h a sceo n d lot n . l t ractor. This zero driving force condition the. torms
rcpteserrsan inaginaryl.rerfaceconditionwhere o n c l m l t o n r h e r a . g e o i i $ s i b l e o p e r a tn s N n d i
t h e i . t e r l a c et e m p e r a r uirset h a to l i h e b u l k .i q ! i d
p h a s ea t t h e s m e p o i n t i n t h e c o u m n f r , . O l Arother, andoften morellhiling, restriction
c o u s e r, h e e n t h ap y i s t h a t o f s t ! r a t e da i ra t t h i s o n t h e r a n g e o f p r a c t l c a lo p e r a t n g c o . d l t i o n s
occurs when fog forms li trre vapor phase Fog !v
l f t h e l i q ud - p h a sree ss t a n cteo h e a lt r a n s f e r f o r m w h e n t h e b ! k - g d p h a s e b e c o m e ss l p e r .
is vsry smalLcornpared 1o the gas.phase resstance s a t u r a r e dT, h e c a t r v l n go f w a t e r d r o p l e t sb y t h e
t o m a s st r a n s f e rt /h e a c l u a i n t e r i a ctae m p e r a t u r e g a s p h a s ed i v l p t s t h e b a 5c m a t e ra a . d e n e r g y
will approach t h e b u l k r i q u i dt e m p e r a r ! r eT h e b a l a . c e sw i t h f e s p e c tt o y a n d l ' a . d h e . c e
slape-hLalkya approaches -€, and point / on
m a k e st h e m a t h e m a r i c ap r o c e d u r eos! t n e d h e r e
F l g u r e1 7 . 1 8a p p r c a c h et hse e q ! l l i b ru m e q u i v a . u s e l 4 s .P h y s i c ay , t h e f o g r e p r e s e n tas s e ro ! s . .
k n t o f a l o c a G da t p o i . t D . F o f t h s s p e c i a l c o n v e ne i c e . l f f o g l o r m s ,s e p a r a t o no f t h e d r o p -
s i t ' ] a t i a .K
, r.=kya, and tho uF of theovecl e t s f r o m t h e m a i n q a ss t r e a mi s c o s ty a n d i n c o . .
massrransler coetflcienth rigorousV correct v e n e n t , W a t e r l o $ s a r e h t h i n a w a t e r . c o oi n g
W h e r ea s i g n i f i c a nl ltq u l d . p h arsees l s t a . ct oe o p e r a t i o n ri n a d e h u h d i f c a t o . o p e f a t i o n ,t h e
heatand masstransferexists,theinteriacetempera- m a j o r p r o c e s as i m s t h w a r t e d ,\ t h h s y n e n s o t h e r
f f o m
t u r e w l l l d i f f e rs i g n i f i c a n t l y t h e b u L k . l q ! i d t h a . r h e a i . - w a t e r s y s t e m ,t h e p r e s e n c eo f l o 9
p h a s tee m p e r a t o rIen,o t h e rw o r d sp, o i n t s/ a . d D m a y b e a s e ro u s h e ar h h n z / d o r e c o . o m l cl o $
w i l l b e s e p a r a t edd s h o w no n F i q u @1 7 1 8 . F o r P r e v e not . o f i o g f o r m a ro . G t h c m a i n r e a s o nt h a t
this cas€,the use of an overallmasrtransfer co- air fed !o a contrc! s!llurc acld pla.r must be
e f f i c i e nw t i t h a . a p p r o p r i a teen t h a l o y . d i f i e r e n c e
d r i v i nrso r c (et ' H y ) h c o r e c t o n y i f t h en r e r On lhe Hy f n i a g r a ml s e d h e r e ,t h e b ! k .
iacelocusbetwee./ aod o issrraight, g a s p h a s et e m p e r a r u r eh a s . o l b e e n s h o w n . I a
t l s u a l l yt,h e ! s e o f K y a b r i . q si n n e gi q i b l e c!rue ot fy ve6us 4y coL d be p oitcd on a
e r o r , s i n c eh L , i s u s u al y l a r g ec o m p a r etdo k y i d i 3 c r a h s u c h a s F g l r e 1 7 . 1 8 ,n r e n t e c e c to n o l
and the c!rvaiure of the interfacelocus k nor t h i s c u r v ew i t h t h e i . t c r f a c el o c ! s w o u L dr e p r e s e n t
g r e a t . T h e o v e r aI c o d i c e . r ( K y r ) h 6 t h e a i o g g i . g c o n d l t i o n jt h a t i s , t h e b ! l k g a s p h a s e
pracricaadvantaqe of beingeas y heasured w o ! L d r e a c hs a t u r a r i o n .f n o i n r e A e c o t n occ!6,
T h e l e l i h a . d s i d eo f E q u a t t o n 1 7 . 5 9i s t h e t h e c o l m n w o u l d b e o p e r a be . A . y D o n r o . t h e
n u m b e or i t l a . s f e ru n i t sd e l i n e do n p . 3 8 Sa n di s Tv Hv cwe wou d ind cate a las phaseco.d
e x a c d ya . a l o g o u st o s i mL a rp a r r so i E q L a r i o n s tion occutulnq in the co Lmn corcspondino to a
1 6 . 1 4a n d1 6 . 1 5R . e a r r a n g iEn q ! a r i o nl ? . 5 9q i v e s iqli+phase tehperature tead tton lhe TL Hv
v' , .!H, c u r v e a r r h e s a n r ev a l u eo l a / . w i t h o l r p l o t t i n q
- t H' - Hv va ua '"1 st.h d Tv - Hv curve, a design may be nadvert
Sfra
ently developed i n w h i c h r h e c o L l m n m a y f a i l a sa
w h i c hl s i d e n t l c a
t ol E q u a t i oIn6 . 1 4e x c e prth a ra n r e s u l t o i I o g g i n gc o n d i l i o n se v e . t h o l q h r w o u l d
o f a m o l e J r a c t i odn. ,i v i n g' o r c e
e n i h a l p yl ,n s t e a d orherwse be operable.
T o d e t e . m i n et h e q a s p h a s eI y H/ pot,
E q u a r i o1
n 7 . 5 1i s t h c e q ! v ae n re q u a r i oin. M i c k e y { 1 3 ) d e v e l o p e da c o n v e . L e . t{ l r a p h i c a
m e t h o d . O i v r d i n g E q u a to r 1 7 4 6 b v E q ! 3 t i o n
1 7 . 5 0g l v e s
V'ct,dTv hca\r, Tv) dz
! I t - J 4 ( I :\ HJt r \ , , r . u , " ,
dH! kyach Hv/
but, by the Lewis elallor, hca/kYach=1' and
dJ!,L-Tv=^rv
(i.62)
dHv Hi' Hv AHv
whereA refersto a smaL blt I nlte d llerence lf
t h e o a s . o h a sceo . d l to n s a 1 e i t h e r e n d o f t h e
colu;n a€ known,a stepwsemethodcanbe !sed
i o d 6 w t h e l o c u so l g s p h a sceo n d j t i o nt h srough_
o u t t h e t o w e r .T h e p r o c e d ! r ei ! i l l u s t r a t e dn
F h ! r e 1 7 . 2 3w h e r et h es l 1 l a t l o inst h es a m ea sw a s
s h ; w n i n F L q u r c1 7 . 1 8 w a r m w 6 t e re n t e ' st h e
r o w e ra t f L 2 a n d l e a v ecso o e d
d o n eu s i n ga c o u n t e r c u ( e a. ri r l l o wt h a ts t e r e t h e
botrom oi ihe
e . y b e E e a t e ro r l e s st h a nr L I u u !
t e m p e r a t l rm
h s e f , , > f L r , l t m u s tb e g r e a t et rh a n / ' a t
- O b v i o u s L Yt,h l s c o n s t r ! c t , o n a c c u u r a t c s
H , , . B y E q u 3or i 1 76 2 , r h en o p eo f l h e r v
. ,oro iol 'o., : at,to".l"d I o1, dF
i l n r e d ' , ' 1 e 1 , " i \ r p . <r ' , d' t l
!
i ihe opposite co!mn e.d. Thus, one wav to
Fisurc 17.23. Gophlcil .o^{ruction ol sa}phase
H/ clrve wl I eqlal ihe nopeot rhe sirarghr ne
I r o m p o i n t F t o r h e i n i e r l a c ec o n d l o n c o r
respondinsto points C and F. The nterlace conlll
t l o n c a n b e d e r e r m i n e fdr o m E q L a t i o n1 7 5 3 , u s i n g
t h e r a t o o i c o e f l l ce n i st o g e t t h e t i e l i n e l r o m a
point on rhe IL H v c u r v el o t h e c o t r s p o n d i n s
i n t e r i a c e o o l n t . T h e s t e p w l s ep r o c e d ! r e r s a s
l o L l o w s ,w t h t h e l e t t e r o. e f e ( l n g t o p o i n r s o n
F i q ! r e1 7 . 2 3 :
L F r o m E q u a t i o n1 7 . 5 3 ,g e r p o i n t D D r a w
O F . A s o n g s t h e n t e r l a c ec o n d i t i o n sa r e c o n
s r a . t F G D w i r e p f e s e ntth e p a t h o r t h e s a sp h a s e
. o n d i l i o n sa si n d i c a t e d b v E q l a t i o n1 7 6 2 L e t t h r s
F6
s u i f i c ef o r a n a r b i r r a r ys h o f i d i s t a n c e
? . T h e o p e r a t . g . l i . e c o n d L t i o f sc o i i e s p o n o
i n o 1 0 6 w i l l b e a I H . T h ! s , f , w i L Lb e t h e l i q u d
te;oeratirre dr the poi.i in the co umn where /6
i s t h e l a s . p h a s tee m p e r a i u r eF r o m H , d e t e r m i n e/
b/ EqJd o. 7.51. Dts rp 'G a|d eh r' ,
p r e s ! r n el h h t o b e t h e g a s - c o n d l l i ocnu . v et o p o f t
3 . B e p e a t ,T h e c o . s t r u c t l o nd e t e r m r . e st h e
p o i n t s l n a p h a b e t l c aa t d e t . P o n t s C , H , K N O
I , a . d A l a l l o n t h e o p e r a t i . g n e ,w h e r e a sD o n r s
F, G, J, 1ll,P,S V, and Z de on the gasphaso
c o n d l t i o n o c ! s . P o i n t z c o n c l L J d et hse s a sp h a $
c o n d ! l o n l o c ! s a ! t h e 9 6 $ 0 u t l eel n t h a l p v .
e r . o r ed u e t o t h e a p p r o t i m d t l o ni n h c r e n l n ! s i n g
f i n i t e d i l f e r e n c e rsa ! h e rt h a n d l l e r e . t i a l ! l . E q u a
! i o n 1 7 , 6 2 , E a c h L i n es e g m e n o t i tlie c!rve Fz-
r e p r € s e n ca l f e t a n g e n t o ! h e t r l e g a s p h a s e c o n
As the line seg.renls FG, 6J, Jltl, er. ' at.
rho eleo, bd.ori' q
the e(ors become les, trd the coiiecr gds
''.
c u r v a t u r eo l t h e g a scondition o c ! s l o u n d l r v ! s ng
I
- , 1' ' o ' o a
r h , s r n er " e . I I F . . r " l o ' " r
e n d o l r l r s c o L l m na n d i s a l s o e $ r h a n t h e t r u e
c l r v d t l r e w h e n r h e c a l c ul r l o n s a r e s t a r r e df r o m
' Do'o-' r 'e 'eq".'oti i o!''o"l
ca(v out the stepwlse s o L ! t i o nl r o m b o t h e n d so r
'1P'J'd^ d'nq o ^5"
slrape curvlng between thai ol the two slepw se
Lq ror:o, 17.6r o ro r/ b2 <'d d i'd|r -
,op o'" dFo o_r
"rrDPldt:10io.
p r" . cord, or olu r.dd \P t 'oo pio\Pr ro trr
equivale.t lnterface dondlrion ls equal to a d'
s t a n t t m e s t h e s l o D e o l t h e p h a s ec o n ' r t r o n F P
 ^PPLICAAIONS TO EOUIPMFNT DTJICN
i i s ef . T h i s s t a t e m e n i s m a r k e d l Yd i f f e r e n rI r o m
r h a r q i v e . b y p r e v l o u se q u a r l o . s i . v o L v i . s t h e
s o p c o f a t i e i n e a s , f o r e x a m p l e ,E q u a t l o n s
1 7 . 5 36 n d 1 4 . 4 8 .l n e a c ho l r h e p r e v i o u cs a s e st,h e
s l o p ew a s r e l a i e dt o i h e r a i i o o l a p p r o p r a t eo
e l l i c l e n $ . F o r . s t a n c e , i n E q u a r i o n1 7 . 5 3 , t h e
e n r h a l p yd r i v i n gl o r c e f o t t h e g a sp h a s ed i v i d e db y
the temperarure d r i v i n qi o . c e i n t h e l q u l d p h a s e
equaledthe inve6e ratio of ga$phasemass-transfer
coeft clent io liqu d phaseheat tra.sls coefflcient.
E q u a t i o n1 7 . 6 1s h o w sn o s u . h r a t l o . l f i l d l d , t h e
g a l p h a s eo p e r a t i r g n e w o u l d h a v et o b e n r a i s h t ,
s n c e b o t h h . a a n dk y a a r e u s u a l y n e a r l yc o n s l a n t
r h r o l g h o u ri h e c o L o m nT. h e b a s i cd l i i e r e n c eL € sl n
r h e q ! a n t l t i e sr e l a t e db y t h e s ed i i i e r e n ie q u a t l o n s .
Eqlai on 17.53 relatesthe total heat-vaosler rare
t h r o l g h t h e v a p o r p h a s eb y t h e m e c h a ns m s o f
convectve heat transfer ard ma$ transler to the
. o r r l h e a l t r a n s f e rr a t e t h r o u l h t h e l q u d p h a s e
E q l a t i o i 1 4 , 4 9 f o r a m a s s . t r a . s f e rs i t l a t o n
equare! the tota mass-transfefrare thro!qh the
l q u i d p h a s et o t h a l r h r o ! g h d r e g a s p h a s e , n
c o . r r a s t ,E q ! a t i o n 1 7 . 6 1o r 1 7 , 6 2r e l a t e st h e r a t e
o l h e a t f i a n s f e rt h r o u g h d r e l a p o r p h a s eb y t h e
m e c h r n i s mo f c o n v e c t i o nt o t h e r o t a l r a t eo l h e a t
tra.sler through the vapor phas€ bY convect on
a n d b y a t e n t . h e a t r a n s f e r a $ o c i a t e dw r h t h e
m a $ t r a n s f e f . T h e v a O o r . p h 6 sceo e f f i c e n t 5a r e
f v o l v e d b u t a r e t h e m s e l v e rse l a t e dt h r o ! 9 h t h e
psvchromerric tario lh.alkrach = d Thus, the
g a i p h a s e c o n d t o n o . u s d i f l e r e f u n d a m e n t ayl
from the operat ng lines used in heat.transler,
m a $ t r a n s f e r ,3 n d s i m ut a n e o ! s h e a t . a n d m a $ .
E r i n p l c l ? . 5 . A p a c k e dt o w e r i s t o b e L s e d
t o d e h u m i d i ' ya i r a s a p a r t o l a n a i r ' c o n d l t i o n l n g
s v s r e mA . l r e n t e ^ t h e t o w e r a t 1 0 0 " F ,9 0 p o r c e . r
h L m i d l r y ,a n d i s c o n t a c t e dw l t h w a t e r e n l e r i n qa r
6 0 " F a n d l e a v i n ga t 9 0 ' F , F l o w s c o u n t e r c u i i e d r
w i t h a i q l i d r a t e - o l 1 0 0 0 b / h r f t ' a n d a g a sr a t e
o f 2 7 , 0 0 0s r d i i ' l h r i t ' o f 6 ! ! m n c r o $ s e . t i o n .
The raiio or coetficlents (r.r/ira) ls expectedio
b e2 0 0 . D e t e r m i n et h e o u t e t a l . c o n d l i l o n s .
S o l u l i o n T h e q l v e nc o n d l t i o n sa r e s h o w n i n
F l s ! . o 1 7 . 2 4 .F r o m A p p e n d i xD - 1 4 ,t h e h u m k i l t y
o t i n e r a i r i s v r = 0 . 0 6 2 9 m o l e / m o l ed r y a i r a o d
, 9 / r = 1 7 3 8 B t u / L bm o l ed . y a i r . A l s o
v 2l.oaa I = 70.6 mo 4/hr ft'
, e . d p o i n r so f l h e o p e r a t i n gl i n e a n d r h e g a sp h a s e
^ = / -
wtI ,: rar
J F,,r,=,*,,,,,,,,,.
t _
-'r:!r! l
ao I
I
i','l
i-=
r:,-J L-
,oonii?rn"
F i q u , e1 7 . 2 4 c. o r d t i o n s q i v . nr o r
E x € m pe 1 7 . 5
1., 1 0 0 0^ l 8
V 7 0 . 6t 1 8
T h e s €c o n d i r i o nasr ep l o l t e di r F l g ! r e1 72 5 . T h e
locatioo n i p o i n t( r . r , H / I ) a n dt h e s l o p e( 1 . 1 /
l / ) d e t e r m i nteh e l o c a t i o no i t h e o p e r a i i n gi n e ,
and with the inlet waier temperatlreglventhev
a s of i x # r , = 1 3 2 5T , h u s ,t h e a k . o o t l ewt e tb u l b
t e m p e r a t u .se8 8 ' F , T h ea i F o u te t t e m p e r a t u hr e
d e t e r m i n ewdi t h a [ 4 i c k l e ys o u t o . s t a r t i n fqi o m
1 r l j , H r j ) . N o t ed r a r ,i n t h l sc a s et,h e g a s . p h a s e
c o n d io t n l o c u sa c t u a l l yc r o s s etsh e e q u i l i b r i u m
w o u l do c c ! r n t h i sc o l u m na, n d6 0
c ! r v e .F o 9 9 i . 9
i m p o s s ieb. T h e o u t e l a i r w o u l d
p r o b a b lb y e s a t u r a t eadt 8 8 ' F , q i v i n sa h L r m l d l t Y
o r / 7 = 0 . 0 4 6 7l b r n oe / L bm o e d . y a i r .
T h e m e l h o do o t l i n e da b o v eb r e a kds o w nt o r
t h e c a s eo l a n a da b a t i cs a t u r a t o .I, t h i s c a s et h, e
o p e r a t i nlqi n e f e d u c e tso a p o i n t L o c a t eodn r h e
e q u i l i b . i ! mc u r v e .T h e g a sp h A e T v - H v n e
beconesa sr.aighrine at co.stante.tha py mov-
n g f r o mr h el n l e ta l rc o n d l t i otno w a r dt h ee q u i l i b .
r i ! m c u r u e .U n d e . i h e s ec o . d i t i o n s ,E q L a t i o .
1 7 . 4 6c a n b e i n r e ! r a t eddi r e c d ys i n c eI , i s c o .
s r a naLn de q u ailo I L . T h el n t e g r a t i ognl v e s
hcaz
,"!; !,': ri.46a)
DetemiMtionot Coefficienrsin OIl+ntingEquipfrenl
The srepwlseconsr.uciio. of Mickley mav be done
ln .everse to determine the
l k y a . h " a , a . d h L a l t r c n a s i n se s e t o i r e n d a u -
From ihe lnlet a.d outlet bllk gas afd liqlid
p h a s el e m p e r a t u r easn d g d s p h a s eh u m i d i r i e st,h e
c o n d t i o . l n e a r e f ' e d . T h e o p e . a t i n gl i n e c a nb e
 fisui. 17.25,Gruphca iol!t oi to Exampld
17,5.
i n l n e d i a t e Ldyr a w n .T h e q a s . p h a sceo n d i t i o nc ! r v e
can be obtaiiedby a$umi.g a wtae at -hL.lkr a
a n d p l o t l i n gt h e c u r v es l e p w k e ,l f t h s c u r v ed o *
o o t m e e t t h e e r p e r i m e n t ael n d c o n d i t i o r ,a n e w
\atue ol -hLa/kra m!st be chosen.Once a proper
-hLa/kfa 6ria has been louncl, the 'driving"
tatce' \& - Hvl h read rrom the constrlction,
a.d the desiqnequation n the intelrated torm
(17.51)
i s s o l v e dd i r e c t y l o g i v e k y a . T h s v a l l e o i k / ,
then glvesrl, rhrough rhe previooslydeterm ned
f t I i o h L a l k y a . F i n a l l Yt,h e L e w i sr e l a t i o nc a . b e
osed to gei rca. As befors, thesesolutlons presume
t h a t t h e a r e a sl o r m a $ a . d h e a t t r a . s t e r a r ee q u a l .
Exctrrplc 17.6. A dehdmidifving rower
packed with wood dats operatesw th water e.ler
i n q a r 8 2 ' F a n . j l e a v i n ga t l 0 0 " F T h e a i . c o m e si n
a i a t e m o e r a t u . eo i 1 2 5 ' F d r y b u L b ,1 1 1 ' F w e t
b u l b r e a v e sw l t h 6 9 6 ' F d r y . b u L bi e m p e f a l u r e
a n d a 9 5 ' F w e t . b u L bt e r n p e r a t u r eT.h e l q u d l l o w
mte is 900 lb/hr ft,, and lhe rower is 8 tt high.
( a ) D e t e r mn e t h s v a l u e so f h L a , h " a , a n d
k y , o b t a i . e di . t h e c o L u m n
{ b ) l f t h e ! a s i n l e tt e m p e r a l u r reo s et o 1 4 0 " F
w i r h a I 1 l ' F w e t b u l b t e m p e r a t u r ew, h a t w o l l d
be the alr o!tlet conditlons? Water in et tempe.a
tlre and an and water flow rates woLd not
cha.se. Ur the coefficieits from Part la).
Sdlution {a). The col!mn condltlonsare
s h o w n i n F i g l r e 1 7 . 2 6 . F r o m t h e g a sw e t b u L b
temperat!.es, the enthalpiesol i.let and out et gas
s t r e a m sc a f b e f o u n d . F r o m A p p e n d i x D 1 4 , t h e
enthaLpo y l i n L e ta l r k H v r = 2 5 0 0 8 r u / l b m o l e o l
d r y a i r . a n d t h e e n t h a l p yo f o u d e r d r y a i r 1 5
, v 2 = 1 6 0 0B t ! / ] b m o l e o i d r y a i r .
P o l n G , 1 a n d I o n F i g u . e1 7 . 2 7c a n n o w b e
p otted, and the IL - H/ ope.ating line ca. be
dEwi berlveentheh.
The slopeof this line 0aA) h 900/18=50
NPTICATIONS M EOUIPMEM DESTCN

Btu/lbmole.
Since
900
-
I Lc,,
Slooe=50=-:
v's50
v' l8

= 18lbmolevhr
ft'z

tisl.o 17.26,Co uhn condhions

c y' = 18x 2s - sz1b or:),ry
an thrtt2

E
€,?50

5.*

-E
f
E l5oo

r,hpetzrc lfv.TL f,) I

F i s u er 7 . 2 7 .M i c k l em
i e r h o sdo l u t o no r E x a m r r . 1 7 . 6 1 , l .
 N o w p o i n i s C a . d D , r e p r e s e . t i n gi n t e r a n d
F r o h t h i s ,h . a a . d r c a a r e
o l r l e t a r r t e m p e r a t ! r e a n d e . r h ao v . c a n b e
plotted, and the bu I gas .ond tioi tocus .onne.r hLa-2j5x4.10
i n g . p o r n t sC a n d O c a n b e f o l n d _ T h k r e q u n e sa = 1 1 7 0A t ! / h r ( f t 3 o f c o L m n
l r i a ra n d e r o r c o n n r u c i i o ni n w h r c hv a ro u sn o o e s
vot!me)"F
o r t h e i i e i n e s a r e r r i e d A c o n v e ne n i n J r r n o
point oiqht be ro trv hr,/r r, = - h"a=chxkya
s v .9 ved cai
t | e r r n e ss u c l i a s 4 F . u s i n ! r h e s ev e r n 6 r e l n e s = 7.60x 4.10
w i r h t h e l , , l i c k l e sVt e p w i s ec o n n . u c r r o nt.h e c d r v e = 3 1 . 2B t u / h r( f t 3o f c o t u m n
C O s o b t a i n e dS . n c eD i 5n o r . o n c i d e n w r rh D voiume)"F
t h e D t i o , L r / k r , , s n o t - . T r v i n gh L r l * , a = L 0
rhe .urve CD ir obra ned from r e fe5 para|e ro w n k e r ( , t r a sb 4 n l o u n d u s n q r h c L e w Er c l a i r o n
4F . The correct solutioo is obtatnedwith tie tines lor pa.r {b) requnes a secord. atmon
parallel to 4F. These tie tines give cutoe CD wirh , n o e p e . d e n sr o t u r i o n .T h e k n o w n
c o n . t , t o n sa r e
t h e c o n s i r u c t i o ns h o w r . T h e s t o p eo f , 4 F r s 2 7 5 . s n o w r n F i g u r et 7 . 2 9 . T h e d a r J a v a i i b
-rt'rs e do .ot
h La/k \ a = +215. r Y r n e o p e r a t i n gi r n e r n c e i , q u i d r e m o e . a r u r e
an,l
grsentfa py are not both avaitabte
l f t e r p h : s e @ n d i t o r s c o ( e s p o n dn g r o r h e a r e i r h e re n do f
t n e c o r u m n .8 ! t r h e n l m b e r o f r r a f s t e r
rhrolghour lhe tower are now !n rs is
k n o w n .T h a t s , w h e r et h e i q u i dt e m p e r a t u roe o t 3 l Y e o a 5w e r a s r h e s t o p eo f r h e o p e f a Ln q
ineand
a i M t h e i . t e f p h a s er e m p e r a t u r e Ine s ope or rhe I e n6 Thls rhe ooer;rind .p
plois ar G, Thts ( a . b e t o c a t e db v a r r i a . a n d . e a o rp
p e r m ( st h e s o l u t i o no f E q u a r i o nT7 . bj . o c e d u r eL. a v .
rfg oown parallel lines of s ope
tc, / t = 50
, --1 between rL 2 = 82,F a.d l/', = 25Od
I Brr/ b
m o r e ,t h e f r ' 6 i s t o u n da sw s d o . e i n
o a d i a ) .T h e
1oo r c f . e c l _ o p e r a r i n l!i n e w r t b e t o u n d w h e n / r / 6 =
25aO 1940 0.00t78
97 2350 r.62r. Inrs Inewi thenderermine
000173 J L I a n dH t l ,
2204 1630 a v r c Ke y s t e p w i s se o t u to . w r t t h e n f i r r , .
0.00176
2050 r500 0.00182 F 9 u , e 1 7 . 3 0s h o w st h e r e m p e r o r u c ; i h a r o v
33 t900 t370 0,oor89 por n e e q u i t i b r i ! m t i . e 6 p t o r r c do n , t , a r ;
1750 1254 0.00200 m , , ' n q . e s a r , 9 y j = 2 5 a o a t ) dT , , = 8 2 ) F T h a
a2 1150 4.00223 o p e r i r. 9 n e s h o w n s a f a r t r i a l i l
, r n. ,,".
rrom /r ? ro l/, dt J nope of L.L,V = b0 T e
T h ei n t e q r a l oEf q u a t i o 1
f 7 . 5 1l l < j H v A H v_ H ) l
rnes or slope - hLa/kra=-275 are draw. in.
l s I n e a . e au n d e r h e c u r v eo t 1 t \ H v- H ) v e t s i s
h e s u1 . q d e r e r m , n d t i o o n f t / 6 r e r u r c s q r a o hc . l
d y , a s s h o w ni n F l s u r e1 7 . 2 8T. h h h f o l n d . a . d , n t e D r aorf

No= ' lf'ao - llL

cad Hv -
= | B2t=s\l^a tlv Hi Hv Hr :, L,.
t11 v

r550 1130
1 . 8 2x1 1 8 1750 1290
rri= = 4 . 1 0 b r n o h v h r( n o l er d l i o ) 39
o 0.00203
" t r o f c o t , r mvno d m e 92

98 2350 1350 500

500 0 00200

.tiff; T h e d c r ! d r n r e q r a i i o n6 . r , r , e d o ! r I j F i o u . e
l 7 3 l T h e r e 5 u i r ' n qd p d b A / L = r . 9 8 0 .w h r ; , s
t o o l a r q e .S u b s e q u e ntto c a r t o n so { r h e o o e , a t t n a
l i n e w l l b e p a r at e t o t h a r s h o w nb l t L i h 4 t r . ;
r h ee q ! l j l b r u m c u r v e ,
The fndl onerJri.q r.e s aso \hown .
F i q l r e 1 7 . 1 0 F r o m r r d f , = 1 6 0 0 ,r L r = t O O . F
kr &!/bodertai I n p v i r o r e y n e p w i j p c o n r r ! . r o n r e j u t t si n a n d ,
Fisuru 17.23. Dcie'm nriion or rrunst!funirs jndchumnti. o ! t e t t e n i p e r a r u roet 9 8 o F .F r o j n t / 2 , t h e o ! r l e t
ricdi.i, Exrmpl-"17.6(a)
w e t b u t b t e m p e r a r u . ies i o u n d r o h c g l i . F
 ^PPLICATIONS TO LOT]I'MtNT DLS!]N

re few. The lack oi data ls rnostlythe resut of

some rather lormidableexperimemaldifiiculties.
ln long @llmns wnh l6r9econtactng areas,the
outLei vapor will be e$entiallysatlrated-There'
fore. the drivingtorcesaresmall,and smallerob
in concentationare magnifiedseveralfold. The
remedyis to useshoftcolumns.Here,though,nre
end efiectsget larseand can onLybe cotuected by
taking severa!set5ol data with varYlngco uhn
heighi and extrapoatingthe result back to zero,
tL = r5mBtu/bndcdyd,
The hethod is rife with areaslor eiror.
r r T s= r , h n o 8 ^ r h .
lf rhe endeftect@rectlon is not made,com
F i q u d 1 7 . 2 9C
. o n d l t o n so r nercial towersbaseduponrhe experimental results
Exampr1 c 76 l b ) will be oversizedif they are shorter than rhd
experimentalcolumn but undersizediI they are
Th!s, the [,lickey co.sruction formsa tooL longer.This k probaby one oi the rsasons for the
by wh ch rute coeificie.tsrnay be eas v deter g e n e r ay h e l db e l i et h a t l n c r e a s i tnhge h e i g hot f a
nrinedfor fulfslze operatlngcooling towersand packed tower decreases its efficiency.Another
. f o r t ! n a t e l ya,l m o s tn o d a t ao f
d e h u m i d l f i e rUs n causeol this elfed h the faci that bedporositvat
this sort havebeeoreportedin the technlcalltera. t h e w a l hi s B l w s yhsi g h etrh a nt h 6 ta t t h €c e n t e r o i
t h e t o w e r ,T h e r e f o f ei h, e l i q u i d l e n d st o l l o w
I coeflicientsobtan€d by ft'easuremeirs on down rhe co omn wa L insleadol bei.g disribLrted
o p e r a t i n g . p L aenqtup m e . t a r e u . a v a i l aeb, t h e e v e n l yt h r o u q h o utth e p a c k i n gT. h i s c h a n n en g
d e s i g n emr u s tu s ec o e i i i c i e not sb t a i n eodn e x p e r i . effect is sreater in tall columns,and €hborate
m e n t a lo r p i l o t . p l a . te q u i p m e not r c o e f i i c i e . t s redi5Ubution systemshavesomeiimesbe€nused,
obGinedon tlre basisor a.a ogirs belweenhe6t, The masnrrsnsfer coelfickntsfor hurnidfica
ma$, and moment!m transfer. oespite the t o n a r e n o t f u n d a m e n tYa d i f f o r e nftr o m t h o s e
s m p l l c i t yo f h u m i d i f i c a t i os ryts i e mws h e r ea l l t h e o b t an e do n a b s o r p t i oenq up m e n t . O n l y g dp h a s e
rna$-irafsfergradientoccursin the 9asphase, data masntransle cor e f f i c e n t as r e p e r t l n e . t ,A s w i t h

; r e r m! 4 e = r!;/ryo=-15

17.30. Gbohic:lso !tlon to Exan,Dh17.6(b).

 0.0025

00024

0.0023

F o.oa22

0.0021

0.0020
0.0019
00 0 1 8
l5oo1600
rToo
reootgoozooolfr;;;;;fi 24AA2500
_ . Btu tb no,e ot 0., an
pndri ,s.i110ootiotr in duh!m
diihrr or,

o t h e f9 r 5l i q u ' dm d s . l G n s i e. or e f fc e n r st./ r e vw
o e p o d !! p o . t h e 9 a I o w r a F , v s c o sr V .a . d d , l . T h em e t h o ddr i s c ! s e dh e r ea D D l o
w a r e r s y s t e n o f l o . n r ' s v 5 t e . nvw h errhee n i r _
r u t v t y a n ' l u p o n l h e g e o . n e r foVt t h e r.d/
oilctr.o
I n e yw ' a s o b e d e p e i d e rur p o n q u i df i o w
p a m a n r vb e c a u s. e rsr;
] t o a t i q ! i dB r - otsh eD i c t i n o;
;:#";J t:'i;:T:X:.;;:i.:l"lT,iitT"
l p o n r q u d r r o nl 7 5 t r . i n s r e r d
nol comDretew r ve t T h r s , q 4 r b s o r p t o . n ; + o f e n t h an v r h e
g r a p nw o l l d h a v e1 . 4 . r + l o
r a n s l e r r J t e s ,l c h a s r h o s ec r c u a r e df r o mE a u a . ) ) p t o t r e d3 t u i , x rr
r o n r o / 4 , s r r o l t db e ! $ ! i e i o r h u m r tI c a t
*' - operat
ons I thescomerrier
a'ic
o no r ilfl;:::'iii:;,i::?:::T;..i,[1,if
."i",.".::i
:.:llTill'
P a r t o J t h e m . s s r f t n s t e rd a t a a v a a b l e t r o h
jijt;":|I
;::;rI:,*il3il:J,,J,*,.'lti.*",,ji.:
& p € r n e n t a w o + a r e \ ! r n m x i z e ! n T a b t er 7 . 2 ii:"Jl.J;;1";"'-*.-."!nlJortheiaclthi|.
l z r r . s o n E u n u e r s t a n d aeb i n c o n s r s t e necs a m o n o
d a t a t a F e nf r o m a u a r e , V o f s o u , c e sa , e p r e s e n t . Nitrntrhlr Co0ti,rg,t.d\r!i
l)eigtr
4 5 0 ,t n * t r e r e t d r ' o n s h o w . i r e e m p f l c a r e s u
o r e r p c n m e n L Jd d r d r h e v \ h o u t . l , , /
no a t e o b e v o . J n r r
Le errrr
r . . g e o t d j e d d r aw i r h u ! r i u I
r\
:illi,:..lili;'i
;:1!i,:ji'tfl
ti lllf!';jiii
c o n s c r o u e n eo$r r h c u f c e r r . i n r vr h a t r e n i r F
A s t m i t d rs i r u a r i oe. l r n \ . r e a r o . r o d o o r o
;:'JTif,':lli:"1[']:1",11:lt.
:,;:i:::iJi
Ing tne towerpa.l .q A tc$.lerEn
p r.a r e h e a t . r r d n s r ec ro p f t r c i e n l rF. o r r t j d nr h c . o o
r h ea i r ; a r e l oryr ar thrr enteG rt,ep,rctirrr Thu\
s v n e ' n a Lh ' q h q l t d , n r E s,,. r r r a v b e c d r s .r<
.ltatoLj p r J . e , r! p r v u u q t t h e h v p e r L o, c
r n r o u g h r h e L e w i 5r e o n A r o w t i . l u i d .h m.rv Lv the
rare5
r f c o m pe r e N e u . q o f r h e p d c t , n q s
m a t 4 r t r ei l p :
r o r n e d t t E n _ t € rl r h ) c o n s d e r a b vt a r q e .
r h d nr h J r
t:;T,'
:,:;ilJl
;::::Ji;:i:il:;:''."#'J,X,i:
o r m a s sn a t r r e r c , ) T h e r . 5 u t rE l h a r m e a s u r e d c d u ( p db v t h e
o . . u , r ' n g ' n r h e i o w c r d n db y r l , e r o w e r
v a t r e to r n c a h t ar a u m a y b e 1 w oo r r h r e er r m e r heo,r ol
as ot tt rrunri", oro"e*". ,.
€ r q e , s . n d e p e r d i . gu p o r ,r h e q ! d f i o w , J k ( 7 )
IUr. "
n e | q L L dp t r a 5 ch e a t r a n s t e . c o p f n L , e n m r av not _ d e p e n dLsp o nr t , eJ r 1 o w v e o . r r v
.r
D e e r e d d rV c d . u t a t e d H e r e .e \ t e f l m e n r a
or the packi.g ro be employed must be used.
dard
or
,""$',:#i::fi],.;l
:H11,i,,;:;:H,ilX"
r e m p d J r u @u n d n \ l e n s t y , 2 ) r h e
***" heatandmasstransfer
hust be h e r r a . L lm a s
:?ii::j", ;?i?":l:
tT,;;|";:
iiii:i.i.,"",:",",tii,ll.?
 4s2 ^eflr^1roNs ro EourPMENr
DEsrcN

n'bl! 172 LXPERINIENTAL NlASS TRANSFTRRATESFOR CONTACIOF A PURELIQUIDWITTIA CAS

( A l l d r t r . . eB i v e n ,En n s l . hu n n 5 )

E q up m . n r P.oc$s and Nole5 Equ€tlon

I 3 n . d a m t o w e r , Ii n L i q ud c o o l i nw
! rh k r 7- o . 4 a 6 D 5 c v o 1 2 20
Raschis r nns Gy = 150-500

butYmr.*qa

I 2 10.in diam,rows;
r 2 . 5i n d c p t h o l
naopenaenror
6L forCr =
1600-5000
Humidilic6rio^
c o o l l n gi a
, uid
lt,2t,.nd3tmm coo!ng,and
Fa3chiqri^gr dehumdlficdion

3 21 5.n squlrcrowli, Flunid{ calion

llin 3€rLsaddles c o o ln ! w i t ha r

f o r c n de r k c t s
4 4 n. d am towe.,, in Humd I c.rlon 1l.a 22
sph4e! c o o i g w i t ha . 6L = 85-1895 E. c - e l ; \l D; /e C v \ o l
watorrconecrdd
ror end€flscts
i6v,o 5
5 6 i t s q u . i . l o w e r1,l - l r , L i q u i d
c o o l n gw t h 6L = 350-3000 (y,
" C.OO68CL0
3 in. packedheightl
w o o d . r o ri5x, 2 l n ,
s n a c epdd 6 l c l , l 5 i n .

6 a l l . x 2 3 1 i . ,r o w f l , Lquidcooinswith 6L " 330-1500 t9

D i c [ e dh e i q h4t l d ] n . r a i - w d n -o oo396cv
woodsd.,lx2x
231 ^, bo(om edge
rr!t.d, oni n.
h o r h .c e n e 6 , 3 i

cente^;l3sDray

S p r a yt o w e r , 3 1 . 5i n L i q ud c o o ln q r n d
dam. bv 52 in.hillhr dehrmdilicdon
6 so d cone lpdv wirh an watef

Pnforated plate l.leve 23

tav):331 n. hol* w i r ha r w . k r c5 c, l5

Arrer Trevba, F E., Mas fdnsrer Apez.;ons, M.(ir:q H rl,New Y..t 0055),bvperm$.rL Innviduil rc'ni
,lh peniisjo. ot plb sheraid copviohr ho der
 equatlons determining airflow vetocjiy (see
C h a p t e2 r 0 ) a . d t h e r r c l r t i o n h a v eo c c u p i e dm a n v
eng neero. Complrer opabilities now a ow rhese
imultaneous, irerarive solurions ro be do.e
n ! m e n e y a n d s e n r q u a n l i i a t i v e t yT.h e q e n e r a
approach is we described in the lireratrrp
(3, 4, 5, 12, 24).
These desgf methodsrequi.e rhe use of
r o n , L p e q ' d t o - ) ! r . , r o , L t - o : eg i v eI n , o o
1 7 . 2 . F e w d a l a a r e a v a i l a b l eo n p a c k t n gp e . i o r m
a n c ei n f u l - s i z e dc o o i n g t o w e 6 . D a u h a v e b e e n
p r $ e . t d o n s p a s h j r i d c o o i n g r o w s p a c k i n €( 9 ) .
H o w e v e rd, a t a o n m o r em o d e r . ,o i r e . p r o p r i e r a r y i
p a s t i c p a c k i n gm a t e ra a r e c o s e l yh e d b v t o w e r
REFERENCES
1. Thc Fluor coa,, ttt. gutte 1 1337 1939)t zs.
Pefir, J N., Chenical Engine6, Hahdbook,3d ed.,
M c c r u w . H i,tN c w Y o l k 1 1 S 5 0 p
) ,. 7 9 1
2, Sddinsiied, C.8., and T. B Drc||, ,d, Ens. Chem.,
3. Ch ron, ll, P/rd. /asf Elec( E.g. 99, pat\
4. Fnzet, . A, Etitkh Chen. Ens., 13, Na. I, p, 12aj
11968)
a FlrzEt, L A, l.d E.9. Chcn. Ptac. Der & Oevel, 7,
p.555{1963).
. 6 . G r o * o r o r W . M . , T a n t . A . / C h , E . ,t , p , 1 8 4 ( t g o e l
7. Hensl, S, L, lnd fl E Trybat, Chen. Eng. ptost ,
L Kdcy. F.C, papdr prerenrcd Ullorc rhe C! rornia
Natura Gso ie Asochtion, oocemb* 3, 1942
9 Kdly, N. W.,.^d L K Swd$on, Chen. Ens. prcg.,52,
p . 2 6 3( l 9 s 6 ) .
10. Lrwir, J, G., Ind R. 3. White, /r.?, Ens. Chan., 45,
ll. Llchei*e n,J, r/irr.,4SnF,65,p.77! (194:).
12. Me.kel, F. V.D.t. F.^chlooe.behen, Bert^, Na
13. MckeV, ll. S, CreD.Ens Prosr,45,p.j3s t19as).
'r4
Norma., W. S, t/,,s tn{_ Chdn. Ens^., Londan,29,
15. Pcny, J H, Chenicat EnsineeB Hahdbook,5tt\ed.,
M c c r a wH i l l ,N e w Y o . k ( 1 S 7 3 tp, p . 2 a 7 2 0 A
16. P*rv, J H., chenicat Enghree 'Hanrlbnk 'rh t,t ,
[ 4 c c € wH i , N e w Y o r k { r s 7 3 ) , p p . 1 23 - 1 2
s.
chehicrt E.st!,eeB, Hanlboak, s\tt ttj,
M.Cnw H , Nrw York 11973),pp. t2 6.
13. Pisford, n L, ind C Pye, /d Ens. Chen, 13,
19. S mp.on, W. M, and T. K. SheNaod, Betris. E.s.,52,
?o. Surosky,A. E., and B F Dodse, tnd. Ens cheh.,42,
21. Trcyhat, R E, MBs Trand.ropett.ians,McC ,\| Hi
.
N c w Y a r k l t s 5 s ) ,p r 9 0
,, wermm r m{E F Ban a.tn,t Ens .h.n 12.
23. WBr F.3,w. D Ciliatt,-t s6 nzo, tnd Ens.chen.
24 Wood, 8., and P. Belts,pm. tME, 163, p a4l195al
25. Yoshid:, F, ind r T,naka, nd Ens chent., 43,
"
PROBLEI'{S
1 7 , 1 . A n a i r c o n d i r i o t r i nssy n p f l G t o l r e b u i r r )
cha.g. comptc& y ihe an ra abafutorvevery 10 min w rrr
no iec rcur*ion. The tab.rurorybuitdinsharre ftoo^, erch
5l by 200 by 10 fr ind i io bc nrDpied w rh I r 31 7F F,
4 0 p r r . s r i e t u i a r o i T h ea i r o i d i r . n € G k c r o r s i d e r
ref.Dndes il, *pacrer our the coict0n+d wi!x, ind rrr,q
e h o . ! r n . . e x c h i E e ri s a i f t r c d n d q r r n q5 0 p ! o n 0 . n .
ldl Whcn nre ourid," air h i( tO0!F,90 percji(
, e d i v c h u m d l r y , d d * m i i c t h e v o t u m co f s I h r o u 0 h ri i
ro r! ar.co ditiond ind rhe 1e
\11t,
{ b ) F o r ! h c I r m e c o . d i t i o n sd, q l e n nn e t r , Al o ' s o r
roi.ohron rsqucd 11 ron or rctrseiition,t2,oco
31u/hr rchov.dl rid n1,. poundr rc, ho! or ni(erod
1 7 . 2 .a ( J / r r r c , i a r * n a m l i r r , r r g O ) F q I
-
7 5 - Fw . , b , L k m n n r u t r l , l l i r , ' k 2 2 O " F i n , ! i j ,
50merocycod alr n ! ne.m.h..(d exchargrr,rnt lls{s (
o!fr t,c w.t lrock. Tl\* stock d' s I'om 50 p*rc*rr mo,
rure by w0sh! to l0pdcrntmolnuio irid trDy b,. rmcd
ro enter .nd re!ve rhe dr or fr lhe wel.bu b rempmirfr or
r l r ed r y ^ s a i r .A t r e r c a vn q r h e d r y r q c h . m b ! , p a r o t I r t
a r is f!cycled b:c( to [M {eartrejter i]!rr ih. rcn
d scha.s€d ll 20 b or drv rir ir !r-Ad
n a . k h r n d r e dd n d t h e e x i r a i r I d 1 3 5 - F , d e { e r d i r !
rhe triction or rrcnt atr rhir I
h u m d i r y o r d F o t r r {i r
1 7 . 3 . A m i x r u r , ad r . r r n d m . r h a n d i r t 5 x 1 0 5
Nlwiontm, .rf,d 5o"c is 60 p
k ) d F h u m i di y , t h t { h c i n o l a r u n . t i r v , G t t h p p r r r L
t rhe F d ve rrum d ry, {e) rhr
v o l m c p e r . . n r m e n \ i n o , ( l l t h e h u md h r d i n S u i r ,
r q r n , . h u m d l o r u m ei n s u n i c , a , n tl h ) r h e d e w p o t ) r
dea rotution ob!y nq rhe perrpcr
17.4 F., the m (rtre of Pror)cm l7 3 cr.q dr rrr
17.5. Preprr? a D5ychrom-Ati.
dhyr,anedichrorid! synem * to00mm H! rotr preElr.
knqinq berwcon o :nd 20!'F; mals
45'I APPLICAIIONS.OEAUIPMENTDESICN
:nd rq! d crH4crz * o'F r relerlnc€ n**. Th. follaw
nq curv* shouldbep oned:siinst tonpeGture
G) Absllre humidity rt r00, 75, 50, .nd r0 pe.
ib) Abs ute humiditV
qiuRr on temperaturesor 70, 1oo,:nd l30o F
tc) Abloluk hum dny
1dl Dry inr eturated humd vo um$.
lel Diy and ituecd humid he.i.
1r) Enift pv ol
exprc*cd a5 Btu/lb dry s*.
17.6. Prepaie € psychromctr. chid lo, the an
@thano sy{em at a prssure of 4x 105 N.hons m2.
tncrude ne. of oniant relaiiv0humdny, ad db*icaatur:
rion remp{*uro, aid wt-buib remperarure, C.vs a
rempddure ranssiiom odcto 1oooc.
17,7, A par or wdd sia or the g,ound expored to
l a l I n t h e e a r l ym d r n n g t h e : i r h { T O c Fw i t h a
65'F welbu h kmp*dure. The w:ts, is at 50'F.
lb) at 10 AM rhe ir is aI 80"F w(h ! 70!F
lc) At roon rho air k ri gC'F wn[ a 75oF werbu b
For each c*e drow a d ag,!f,' show ng empaGtue
and hlmi ty on both ridesof rhe a rwakr ntsrfacc llike
Fig!rc 17 141. Show ihe d rcctlon of wrtn.vapor transl*
a n do l s i s b e . n d
1 7 . 3 ,( i ) l 1 T a b l e1 7 . 2 ,i r e m 7 , d a k a r e9 v e no n t h .
pnfo.,naNe o{ i sprry humid ricdon lowei, Asum nq
thd d*r aid hcalliJdsre .ater 4e ui lorm thioughoul
dr rc.grh ol ihc equd on q ven ro
Kfr.f\6L,6va l P r o b a b l vt h i s s r , h o t o n o l l n i l o r m
idicdion3 de thd nas t,ansl€r smon
6 D l d n t h o d r o p J o . m a t o na r e a)
(b) A sp6y 'owcr s io be u$d n a wder'coo idq
op*afoi. A r :( r4O'F wirh 3O'F werburb temp*d!re
n l r i a r vd 1 4 0 ' F 1 0 0 " F .6 r w l b e
4OO b/hr tr2 and 6L wil be twi.e rhn. 1r rhd Kf' reL:tion
obGined ,bove ! !i d, whr .olumn helght wL be
1 7 . 9 .T a b e l 7 2 , t m 5 , q ! . . d q u a t i o nl o r t h e
p{fom,n.e of a s.luaiecooi,rs rowefwiih wood s stpack
iis conved thn in ihe lofm lLloc =
t 1 6 r a , 6 y o ) w h e r rG L r n d 6 y r € i n S u n ' t . M . k e r h c
*umpton thit lfre towe, Dc.fomince nf,ot v&iabl! wlh
17.10. A dehumidl$ c.nr { ^q or a rower packed
w th r n Rmch q .ins conrct3 an snrr ns ar r2ooF, 80
70'F l he an h ro have d a w{ buLtrcmpcdtur! ol30"F
The 6 rtJiafter to&r handl6lOOO nd it3/min ol airrnd
s opedted at r.5 r mes miiimum w3rr frow. In a slfrlr3r
tower, fr./(y hm been round ro be 60. D{(mlne,lor a
h e i s h ro r p , c k i i s o r 1 . 5 1 1 :
Gl out { water iemperelure.
(c) wale. flow rat.
(dl Oudetair temp*ature ind humidity.
{e) Whethar foggingwlL occur n the tawer, lt roq
q ns occuu how shoud ths conditions be chansed
1 7 . 1 1 .a n * u f t d d i t . o o i n g t o w e r u s e s t o w *
pack ns G. described in Tab e 17.2, tem 6) rhat k 4m
h i g h .O n o n e s u m m . r d a yr h . w d e r t o b e c o o e d i s s p a y e d
onto the packing d 49cC whdfes the a r rowins up the
rore. en&c at 2ScC. Oiqin' y the 3ir is d 30 pc@nr
$rurrton, and $ flow mtd G medlred ar 0 35 mA. The
sicr l owsrhroush thep.dk nq (60 m rowerdiamererlat i
iar ol 5OOO/^. Iho do or coerlicens (hl,/kya) h
erpecred to be 0.63 w*t dmo'c. c.lcuLatethe tedpe6-
rurc o{ the coo ed wder, and the iiactioi or lhe wat4 ted
to th. towcr th* 5 ost byevaporotion.
1 7 . 1 2 .A n o n s l n e e i3 c a l o d u p o n t o d o s i g n .c o k o
pacIud dehomd ler rhat will hani]le 2ooO lt3 ol 7o per
cent etumted . r pd m.ute. The ! 6r€am wil entar rh€
row4 d r rmpereture ol 130'F a.d shourrlbe.oc ed u6t I
thc hum d ty ol tha .r t r Eseam J 0.046 lb water p4
pou.d dry rir The opersto. r ro be condoctedar dmot
D h n c p r e s u . e c o o l n s w a t n i s a v a a b l ca l 7 3 ' F a n dc a t
r s ot o g O o Fl i i r a g r a e d r o u s . g * l e r o c t v o l l 2 O 0b o l
d . y a i r p o r h o u r p e r . q u a i ef o o t o l t o w e r c i o s s c t o n : n d
. wate fdcd rar of 24s b/m n undn rh*e flow condi
t o d s , 1 5 c=a 3 0 0 a n dr r , - 1 5 0 0 .
(r) Detqmine nre hei9ht aod d
requ r.d ro do thedehumid li.aro..
(b) Alt4 ihe towar or Dan la) was con5rrucred,t h
dis.ov*ed th:t th' ensineerusd thc incone.r enbrins a r
hum diry. l.neid ol ihe 70 perc
the e^s ne., redl trr h!'nidltV cha( d a 60 percemriuru.
L H o w w i t [ 5 s r o r a l i e d t h et . w e r d * ] s ^ l
2. can rhe connrucied tow* b
do rhe rp.cirled dehumidilica!on? HDw?
17.13. A iucLed powff p ant producd 1100 mesl
wdc of eectc eircency ol 33.3
ptrclnt; thn is, for ov*y wa( or el{tlc iy producod,3
wdb ol hear enersv k prcducedby the rucea. rercton,
rid 2 wd6 ar. d sipakd r. hea
20"c and n heded ro 40"c. lt then llotu to nduclddli
coo ns towss where it is .ecodled to 2o'c, and makeup
w3ter s addcd d iec6!ry. Am
I alr { 25'c wirh :wcrbulb tempehture or 12'C Towd

packinqisl0m hiqhol a propr etaiy der sn drip point nyh,
l o f w h i c hK 6 , = ( 2 . 2x l o 5 c a t s . 3 * 1 6 _ 1 6 u , o . a .
Tsbrw drsisN c.t) tot GL=3.Aks/sm. .nd cv,=
Gl What is rh. iequired nuhber and diameref or
cooll^9 towe67
{bl czn ihe coolins rcquiremdntbe metar anVva ue
ofhLalkyr? ll not, whar minirum tower heishtwould be
eqr.4 il -hL.hp-- n \o.w'dt ,aue ol aL"tl.ya
{cl How much makeupw*eris needed?
17.14, A c@ling towr whh wood{lalpacklng cook
l0o0sal/min ol wde. frcm 105'F to go"F usinoa couner
455
curent fored drah or airenbrins at lr0-F ,nd 20 percent
ind Gte rhar rhe air reaves3t
s6"Fwirh a s4'F w.nbu b r.hptraturc
The phnr manas{wishes to rcolihe waterio as cold
a temperatureas po$ibla. One posible meanswould beto
wmd rhG end t k lorid
thai fan speedcanbe indrededwithout overloadinsrhe fan
mob6 so rhd airflow h 1.5 rimes rhd prevloudv u5ed.
Tower floodinswi1 not odr d rhis nighn sd Ee.
whd wl be rhe outet water remperutuic dtained
wirh the higher air Gre, and what wil be ihe ?n our *