Year IV/Final MBBS Questions List

Subjects
General Medicine
General Surgery
Orthopaedics
Obstetrics
Gynaecology
Paediatrics
 General Medicine
Good Medical Practice
Short Notes
1. Confidentiality of doctor-patient relationship *4
2. Patient rights *1
3. Informed consent *2
Molecular and Genetic Factors in Disease
Short Notes
1. Genetic testing of diseases *1
Immunological Factors in Disease
Essays
1. Anaphylaxis *1
Short Notes
1. Acute phase reactants
2. c-reactive protein
Environmental and Nutritional Factors in Disease
Short Notes
1. Lifestyle modifications *1
2. Obesity *1
3. Management of obesity *1
4. Complications of obesity *5
5. Heat-related illnesses *1
6. Heat stroke *9
7. Vitamin A *1
8. Vitamin A deficiency/night blindness/nyctalopia *1
9. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome/Wernicke encephalopathy/Korsakoff psychosis *4
10. Pellagra *6
11. Folate deficiency *1
12. Vitamin B12 deficiency *6
13. Scurvy *3
Ageing and Disease
Short Notes
1. Falls in elderly *2
Critical Illness
Essays
2. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Short Notes
1. Cardiogenic shock
2. Management of cardiogenic shock *1
3. Anaphylactic shock/anaphylaxis *2
4. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) *2
5. Septic shock *1
6. ARDS *3
7. Respiratory failure *1
Poisoning
Essays
1. Organophosphorus (OPC) poisoning *2
Short Notes
1. Paracetamol poisoning *5
2. Salicylate poisoning *1
3. Digitalis toxicity/digitoxicity *1
4. Benzodiazepine/diazepam poisoning *3
5. OPC poisoning *12
6. Methanol poisoning
7. Corrosive poisoning *1
8. Kerosene poisoning
9. Oleander poisoning *1
10. Snake bite *11
11. Features + management of cobra bite *2
12. Scorpion sting *2
13. Dog bite *1
14. Intermediate syndrome
Psychiatry
Short Notes
1. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) *2
2. Anxiety disorders *6
3. Panic attacks *4
4. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) *1
5. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) *2
6. Mood disorders
7. Depression *2
8. Anti-depressants *4
9. Bipolar disorder/manic-depressive disorder *3
10. Lithium *1
11. Delusion *2
12. Somatoform disorders
13. Factitious fever
14. Schizophrenia *8
15. Dementia *1
16. Causes of reversible dementia *1
17. Alcohol dependence *2
18. Delirium tremens *4
19. Suicide counselling *1
20. Eating disorders *1
21. Anorexia nervosa *7
22. Bulimia nervosa *3
Oncology
Short Notes
1. Oncogenes *1
2. Tumour markers *2
3. Non-metastatic manifestations of malignancy/Paraneoplastic syndromes *2
4. Oncological emergencies
5. Tumour lysis syndrome *1
6. Chemotherapy
7. Side effects of cancer chemotherapy *1
8. Radiotherapy
9. Hormone therapy
Palliative Care and Pain
Short Notes
1. WHO Analgesic Ladder *2
2. Management of chronic pain *1
3. Care of the terminally ill *1
Principles of Infectious Diseases
Short Notes
1. Nosocomial infections/hospital-acquired infections *3
2. Water borne infections *2
3. Immunisation in adults *1
4. Hepatitis B vaccination *2
5. Swine flu vaccination *1
6. Beta-lactam antibiotics *1
7. Macrolide antibiotics *1
8. Aminoglycoside antibiotics *1
9. Metronidazole *2
10. Azole antifungals *1
Infectious Diseases
Essays
1. Differential diagnosis + investigations of fever + splenomegaly x3 weeks *1
2. Dengue *1
3. Hepatitis B *1
4. Tetanus *1
5. Enteric fever/typhoid fever *2
6. Cholera *1
7. Leptospirosis *2
8. Pathogenesis + diagnosis + regimens for H. pylori *1
9. Pulmonary tuberculosis *7
10. Tuberculous meningitis *2
11. Leprosy
12. Malaria *7 (+cerebral malaria *3)
13. Amoebiasis/Entamoeba histolytica *2
Short Notes
1. Pyrexia/fever of unknown origin (PUO/FUO) *1
2. Acute diarrhoea
3. Splenomegaly in FUO *1
4. Eosinophilia
5. Liver biopsy
Viruses
6. Herpes simplex
7. Chicken pox
8. Herpes zoster/shingles
9. Measles
10. Mumps
11. Rubella
12. WHO case definition of dengue *1
13. Clinical features of dengue haemorrhagic fever *1
14. Management of dengue shock syndrome *1
15. Complications of dengue *1
16. Infectious mononucleosis
17. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
18. Causes of viral hepatitis *1
19. Rabies *2
Bacteria
20. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
21. Toxic shock syndrome
22. Streptococcal infections
23. Necrotising fasciitis
24. Tetanus *3
25. Anthrax *1
26. Lyme disease
27. Leptospirosis *4 (esp. management)
28. Diagnosis of leptospiral infection of liver *1
29. Complications of typhoid *2
30. Investigations/diagnosis of enteric fever *2
31. Widal test *3
32. Complications of typhoid/enteric fever *2
33. H. pylori infection *7 (esp. management + regimens)
34. H. pylori eradication *3
35. Whipple disease
36. Treatment of cholera *6
37. Cholera sicca *1
38. Shigellosis/bacillary dysentery
39. Diphtheria
40. Brucellosis
41. Pyogenic meningitis
42. Meningitis causes + complications *2
Mycobacteria
43. Skin manifestations of TB *1
44. Investigations of pulmonary TB *3 (incl. lab diagnosis)
45. Multi-drug resistant TB (MDRTB) *3
46. Management of MDRTB *3
47. Adverse effects of anti-tuberculous agents *1
48. Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) *1 (incl. merits of DOTS)
49. Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP)
50. Mantoux test *1
51. Features of lepromatous leprosy *1
52. Classification of leprosy *3
53. Lepra reactions *5
Protozoa
54. Chagas’ disease
55. Toxoplasmosis
56. Life cycle of Plasmodium *2
57. Management of chloroquine-resistant malaria *3
58. Treatment + complications of malaria *7
59. Cerebral malaria *3
60. Leishmaniasis/kala azar
61. Cutaneous leishmaniasis/oriental sore
62. Lab diagnosis of kala azar *1
63. Amoebiasis *2
64. Treatment of amoebiasis *1
Helminths
65. Cysticercosis
66. Neurocysticercosis *1
67. Ancylostomiasis/hookworm
68. Strongyloidiasis
69. Ascariasis
70. Filariasis
Fungi
71. Cutaneous mycoses *1
72. Mycetoma
73. Candidiasis
 74. Histoplasmosis
75. Cryptococcal meningitis *2
76. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia/Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) *1
HIV/AIDS
Essays
1. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS) *2
Short Notes
1. Life cycle of HIV *1
2. Modes of transmission/spread + prevention of HIV *5
3. Lab diagnosis of HIV infection *2
4. Pre-test HIV counselling *2
5. Skin manifestations in HIV
6. Oral manifestations in HIV *1
7. GI manifestations in HIV
8. Lung manifestations in HIV *1
9. Nervous system manifestations in HIV
10. Opportunistic infections in immunosuppressed/AIDS patients *8
11. Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART)/multi-drug therapy/treatment
of AIDS *5
12. Protease inhibitors *1
13. Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) *3
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Essays
1. Syphilis
Short Notes
1. Chancre/primary syphilis *1
2. Tertiary syphilis *1
3. Gonorrhoea
4. Chlamydia
5. Genital herpes simplex
Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism
Short Notes
1. Hyponatraemia *3
2. Water and sodium depletion *1
 3. Hyperkalaemia *2
4. Causes of hyperkalaemia
5. Hypokalaemia *1
6. Metabolic acidosis *3
7. Renal tubular acidosis
8. Metabolic alkalosis *1
9. Hypomagnesaemia/magnesium depletion *1
Kidney and Urinary Tract Diseases
Essays
1. Acute kidney injury (AKI) *4
2. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) *3
3. Nephritic syndrome *1
4. Nephrotic syndrome *5
Short Notes
1. Urine examination *2
2. Microscopic urinary sediments *2
3. Renal biopsy *1
4. Haematuria *2
5. Proteinuria *3 (+causes)
6. Microalbuminuria *2
7. Causes + management of AKI *5
8. Haemodialysis *3
9. Indications of haemodialysis *2
10. Complications of haemodialysis *1
11. Peritoneal dialysis *1
12. Renal transplantation
13. Nephrotic syndrome *3
14. Glomerulonephritis
15. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis *1
16. Renal artery stenosis
17. Acute tubular necrosis
18. Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
19. Asymptomatic bacteriuria *1
20. Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
21. Uncomplicated UTIs *1
22. Acute pyelonephritis
23. Chronic pyelonephritis
24. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)
 25. Renal osteodystrophy
26. Analgesic nephropathy *1
27. Loop diuretics *1
28. K+-sparing/potassium-sparing diuretics *1
Cardiovascular Diseases
Essays
1. Congestive heart failure (CHF) *6 (incl. acute left ventricular failure (LVF))
2. Atrial fibrillation *1
3. Coronary artery disease *1
4. Myocardial infarction (MI) *8
5. Management of acute MI in first six hours + advice given to patient at time of
discharge *2
6. Systemic/essential hypertension (HTN) *5
7. Evaluation and management of HTN crisis *1
8. Acute rheumatic fever (ARF)/rheumatic heart disease (RHD) *3
9. Infective endocarditis *5
Short Notes
1. Jugular venous pulse (JVP) *1
2. Electrocardiogram
3. Cardiac biomarkers *3
4. Cardiogenic syncope *1
5. Precipitating causes of heart failure *2 (+six causes)
6. Clinical features + management of CHF *4
7. Sinus bradycardia *1
8. Atrial fibrillation *3
9. Management of atrial fibrillation *5
10. Risk factors for coronary artery disease *2
11. Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) *1
12. Treatment of angina *3
13. Investigations for MI *2
14. Management of acute MI *3
15. Contraindications for thrombolytic therapy in MI *1
16. Beta blockers *8 (especially indications + contraindications)
17. Calcium channel blockers *1
18. ACE inhibitors *4
19. Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS)/SVC obstruction *1
20. JNC VII classification of HTN *1
21. Causes of secondary HTN *5
 22. Management of HTN *2 (non-pharmacological + pharmacological)
23. Management of HTN crisis *2 (incl. non-pharmacological therapy)
24. Hypertensive encephalopathy *1
25. ARF *1
26. Diagnosis of ARF *1
27. Mitral prolapse *1
28. Peripheral signs of aortic regurgitation *1
29. Duke’s criteria for infective endocarditis *2
30. Management of infective endocarditis *1
31. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) *1
32. Cyanotic spells *1
33. Pericardial effusion
34. Constrictive pericarditis
35. Cardiac tamponade *1
Respiratory Diseases
Essays
1. Differential diagnoses of dyspnoea *1
2. Pleural effusion *3 (incl. tuberculous pleural effusion)
3. Bronchial asthma *4
4. Acute severe bronchial asthma (ASBA)/status asthmaticus *4
5. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
6. Bronchiectasis *7
7. Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) *5
8. Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)/nosocomial pneumonia *1
9. Lung abscess *1
10. Bronchogenic carcinoma
11. Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) *2
Short Notes
1. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
2. Causes of dyspnoea *2
3. Haemoptysis *3
4. Clubbing *1
5. Causes of pleural effusion *1 (+six causes)
6. Empyema thoracis
7. Management of bronchial asthma *1
8. Clinical features + management of ASBA *6
9. Diagnosis + management of COPD *2
10. Oxygen therapy *1
 11. Management of bronchiectasis *2
12. Complications of bronchiectasis *1
13. Nosocomial pneumonia/hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) *1
14. Management of interstitial pneumonia *1
15. Complications of pneumonia *1
16. Pneumonia in the immunocompromised
17. Suppurative lung disease *3
18. Causes of pulmonary cavitation *1
19. Evaluation of pulmonary nodule *2
20. Classification of lung cancers *1
21. Sarcoidosis
22. Rheumatoid lung
23. Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis (CWP)
24. Silicosis
25. Sleep apnoea *1
26. Pneumothorax *3
Endocrine Diseases
Essays
1. Hyperthyroidism *1
2. Thyrotoxicosis *2
3. Hypothyroidism *3
4. Hyperparathyroidism
5. Cushing disease *1
Short Notes
1. Manifestations of hyperthyroid state *1
2. Thyrotoxicosis *2
3. Thyroid storm *1
4. Management of hyperthyroidism *4
5. Myxoedema coma *2
6. Management of hypothyroidism *4
7. Causes of goitre *1
8. Solitary thyroid nodule *1
9. Graves’ disease *2
10. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis/chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis *1
11. De Quervain’s thyroiditis/subacute granulomatous thyroiditis
12. Gynaecomastia
13. Hirsutism
14. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
 15. Turner syndrome
16. Klinefelter syndrome
17. Hypercalcaemia *1
18. Hypocalcaemia/Tetany *2
19. Cushing disease *3
20. Side effects of prolonged corticosteroid therapy *3
21. Adrenal crisis *1
22. Addison disease *1
23. Phaeochromocytoma *1
24. Dwarfism/short stature
25. Hyperprolactinaemia *1
26. Acromegaly *4
27. Diabetes insipidus
Diabetes Mellitus
Essays
1. Diabetes mellitus (DM) *3
2. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) *6
Short Notes
1. Types/classification of DM *3
2. Hyperglycaemia
3. Acanthosis nigricans *2
4. Metabolic syndrome
5. Diabetic coma *1
6. DKA *5
7. Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic (non-ketotic) syndrome (HHS) *1
8. DKA vs HHS *1
9. Hypoglycaemia *2
10. Causes of hypoglycaemia *1
11. Gestational DM (GDM) *1
12. Oral antihyperglycaemic drugs/oral hypoglycaemic drugs *4
13. Insulin sensitisers *1
14. Metformin/biguanides *1
15. Insulin analogues *1
16. Insulin therapy
17. Complications of DM *2
 Acute complications of DM *1
 Late complications of DM *3
18. Prevention of macrovascular complications of DM *1
 19. Diabetic retinopathy
20. Diabetic neuropathy *1
21. Diabetic nephropathy *1
Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Diseases
Essays
1. Common causes of diarrhoea and assessment + management of dehydration *1
2. Malabsorption
3. Peptic ulcer disease
4. Gastric cancer
5. Upper GI bleed *2
6. Acute pancreatitis *1
Short Notes
1. Dysphagia
2. Investigations for dysphagia *2
3. Non-ulcer dyspepsia
4. Upper GI bleed *3
5. Lower GI bleed
6. Management of oesophageal variceal bleeding *4
7. Diarrhoea
8. Traveller’s diarrhoea *1
9. Acute abdominal pain
10. Gastroesophageal reflux disease
11. Achalasia cardiae *1
12. Oesophageal cancer
13. H. pylori in peptic ulcer *1
14. Management of peptic ulcer *1
15. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) *1
16. Ménétrier’s disease
17. Coeliac sprue
18. Tropical sprue
19. Protein losing enteropathy
20. Whipple disease
21. Meckel’s diverticulum
22. Causes of pancreatitis *3
23. Acute pancreatitis *4
24. Complications of acute pancreatitis *2
25. Chronic pancreatitis
26. Pancreatic pseudocyst
 27. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome/gastrinoma
28. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
29. Systemic complications of IBD *2
30. Ulcerative colitis *2 (incl. treatment)
31. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) *3
32. Colorectal cancer
Hepatobiliary Diseases
Essays
1. Jaundice *1
2. Ascites
3. Hepatic encephalopathy *5
4. Cirrhosis *8
5. Portal hypertension/portal HTN *4
6. Viral hepatitis
Short Notes
1. Liver function tests (LFTs) *3
2. Acute liver failure
3. Clinical features of liver failure *2
4. Causes of jaundice *1
5. Causes of ascites *2 (+six causes)
6. Hepatic encephalopathy *2 (including precipitating factors)
7. Investigations + management of hepatic encephalopathy *1
8. Complications of cirrhosis of liver *2
9. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis *1
10. Portal HTN *1
11. Causes of portal HTN *1
12. Complications of portal HTN *1
13. Serological markers of Hepatitis B infection *3
14. Complications of Hepatitis B *2
15. Liver abscess
16. Amoebic liver abscess *1
17. Alcoholic liver disease *1
18. Autoimmune hepatitis
19. Primary sclerosing cholangitis
20. Hepatocellular carcinoma
21. Haemochromatosis
22. Wilson’s disease *3
23. Kayser-Fleischer (KF) ring *1
 24. Budd-Chiari syndrome
25. Gallstones
26. Cholecystitis
Blood Disorders
Essays
1. Anaemia *1
2. Investigation of a case of anaemia *1
3. Blood transfusion *1
4. Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) *7
5. Megaloblastic anaemia *3
6. Pernicious anaemia *1
7. Haemolytic anaemia *2
8. Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia *1
9. Sickle cell anaemia
10. Acute leukaemias *1
11. Chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) *4
12. Hodgkin lymphoma
13. Idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura (ITP) *2
14. Haemophilia *1
Short Notes
1. Blood components *3
2. Peripheral blood smear *1
3. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) *1
4. Coagulation cascade
5. Lymphadenopathy
6. Hypersplenism *1
7. Splenomegaly
8. Pancytopaenia *1
9. Thrombocytopaenia *4
10. Bone marrow transplant
11. Blood component therapy *1
12. Indications for transfusion *1
13. Complications/reactions of blood transfusion *7
14. Thrombolytic agents *1
15. Causes + classification of anaemia *10
16. Microcytic hypochromic anaemia *1
17. Causes + diagnosis of IDA *3
18. Management of anaemia d/t hookworm infestation *1
 19. Megaloblastic anaemia *1
20. Lab diagnosis of haemolytic anaemias
21. Investigations in haemolytic jaundice *1
22. Hereditary spherocytosis
23. G6PD deficiency *1
24. Coombs’ test *1
25. Splenectomy *2
26. Sickle cell anaemia *1
27. Thalassaemia
28. Classification of leukaemias
29. CML *3
30. Philadelphia chromosome *1
31. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)
32. Management of Hodgkin’s lymphoma *3
33. Multiple myeloma
34. Aplastic anaemia
35. Polycythaemia vera *1
36. Platelet function disorders *1
37. Purpura *2
38. ITP *1
39. Haemophilia *2
40. Factors predisposing to venous thrombosis *1
41. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) *3
42. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) *1
43. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APLA)
Musculoskeletal Diseases
Essays
1. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) *3
2. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) *1
Short Notes
3. Back pain
4. Osteoarthritis
5. Gout *3
6. Pseudogout
7. Tuberculous arthritis
8. Osteomyelitis
9. Clinical diagnosis of RA *1
10. Complications of RA *1
 11. Extra-articular manifestations of RA *6
12. Management of RA/Treatment of RA/Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs
(DMARDs) *16 (+pyramidal approach to therapy)
13. Seronegative spondylarthrosis *2
14. Ankylosing spondylosis
15. Reactive arthritis/Reiter’s disease *4
16. Psoriatic arthritis
17. Clinical features/diagnosis/management of SLE *15
18. Skin manifestations of SLE *1
19. Systemic sclerosis/scleroderma *1
20. Sjögren’s disease
21. Osteoporosis *4
22. Risk factors for osteoporosis *1
23. Osteoporosis in the elderly *1
24. Paget’s disease
Neurological Diseases
Essays
1. Evaluation of comatose patient *1
2. Seizure disorders/Epilepsy
3. Multiple sclerosis
4. Alzheimer’s disease
5. Parkinsonism *4
6. Meningitis
7. Rabies
8. Myasthenia gravis *3
9. Features of oculomotor nerve palsy *1
Short Notes
1. Brain death
2. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) *2
3. Lumbar puncture *1
4. Electroencephalography (EEG)
5. Causes of coma *1
6. Acute confusional state/delirium
7. Tremors
8. Causes of tremors *1
9. Chorea
10. Gait *1
11. Ataxic gait *1
 12. Papilloedema
13. Ptosis
14. Causes of ptosis *1
15. Actions and innervations of extraocular muscles *1
16. Migraine *1
17. Management + prophylaxis of migraine *3
18. Trigeminal neuralgia *4
19. Status epilepticus *4 (esp. management)
20. Febrile convulsions *1
21. Late onset seizures *1
22. Antiepileptics *1
23. Management of Parkinsonism *4
24. Cerebral abscess
25. Subacute combined degeneration
26. Spinal cord compression
27. Causes of peripheral neuropathy *1
28. Carpal tunnel syndrome *1
29. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) *2
30. Motor neuron diseases
31. Course + relations of facial nerve *1
32. Facial nerve palsy
33. Bell’s palsy *3
34. Management of myasthenia gravis *1
35. Cerebral palsy *2
Cerebrovascular Diseases
Essays
1. Stroke *4
2. Investigation of case of paraplegia *2
3. Diagnosis + management of right-side weakness in 20-year-old patient *1
4. Subarachnoid haemorrhage *2
Short Notes
1. Circle of Willis *1
2. Blood supply of internal capsule *1
3. Causes + risk factors of stroke *3
4. Causes of stroke in the young *2
5. Transient ischaemic attack (TIA) *6
6. Dural sinus thrombosis
Skin Diseases
Short Notes
1. Urticaria *5
2. Vitiligo vulgaris *2
3. Psoriasis *10
4. Scabies *10
5. Pressure sores/trophic ulcers/bed sores *2
6. Alopecia *3
7. Pemphigus vulgaris *2
8. Steven-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) *1

*There is no strict split in Paper 1/Paper 2 portions: in every past paper, some Paper 2
topics have come in Paper 1 and vice versa.
 General Surgery
Metabolic Response to Injury & Wound Healing
Short Notes
1. Metabolic response to injury *1
2. Wound healing
3. Factors affecting wound healing *3
4. Keloid *5
5. Keloid vs hypertrophic scar *1
Haemorrhage, Shock, Transfusions
Essays
1. Shock: pathogenesis on cellular level + clinical features + resuscitation *2
 Hypovolaemic shock *8 (+haemorrhagic shock_
 Septic shock *3
2. Blood transfusion *1
Short Notes
1. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) *2
2. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy
3. Central venous pressure *1
4. Capillary wedge pressure
5. Types of haemorrhage *2
6. Blood transfusion *2
7. Indications for blood transfusion *1
8. Complications of blood transfusion *5
9. Plasma substitutes
10. Fresh frozen plasma *2
11. Hypovolaemic shock *1
12. Septic shock *3
Acute and Chronic Infections
Essays
1. Cervical lymphadenopathy *1
2. Tetanus *4
3. Gas gangrene *1
4. AIDS
Short Notes
1. Cellulitis
2. Ludwig angina
3. Abscess
4. Cold abscess *4
5. Tuberculous lymphadenitis *6
6. Cervical lymphadenopathy *3
7. Collar stud abscess *1
8. Carbuncle *4
9. Paronychia *1
10. Madura foot/maduramycosis *1
11. AIDS in surgery *1
12. Universal precautions taken by surgeons *1
13. Tetanus *4
14. Gas gangrene *7
15. Psoas abscess *1
Investigations & Diagnosis
Short Notes
1. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) *1
2. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) *2
3. Barium studies/barium swallow/barium meal/barium enema *3
4. Small bowel enema/enteroclysis *1
5. Arteriography/angiography *2
6. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) *4
7. Imaging in acute abdomen *3
8. Computerised tomography (CT) *2
9. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) *1
10. Ultrasonography (USG) *3
11. Imaging in surgery *1
12. Radionuclide imaging *1
13. Nuclear bone scan *1
Anaesthesiology & Pain Relief
Short Notes
1. General anaesthesia *1
2. Stages of general anaesthesia *2
3. Ketamine *1
4. Muscle relaxants *4
 5. Local anaesthesia *6
6. Local infiltration anaesthesia *1
7. Regional anaesthesia *4
8. Spinal anaesthesia *10
9. Complications of spinal anaesthesia *1
10. Epidural anaesthesia *10
11. Post-operative pain relief *1
12. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) *2
13. Laryngeal mask airway *1
14. Endotracheal tube *1
15. Tracheostomy *3
16. Pain relief in malignant disease
17. Digital nerve block *1
18. Field block *1
Other Principles of Surgery
Short Notes
1. Surgical audit/audit cycle *1
2. Day-care surgery *2
3. Oncogenes *1
Fluids & Nutrition
Short Notes
1. Hypovolaemia
2. Hypokalaemia *2
3. Metabolic alkalosis
4. Metabolic acidosis *1
5. Enteral nutrition *1
6. Indications for nutritional support *1
7. Parenteral nutrition *3
8. Complications of parenteral nutrition *4
Trauma
Short Notes
1. Head injury
2. Indications for hospitalising a patient with suspected head injury *1
3. Intracranial haematomas *1
4. Subdural haemorrhage *1
5. Extradural haematoma *7
 6. Lucid interval *2
7. Raised intracranial pressure/tension *1
8. Glasgow coma scale (GCS) *3
9. Flail chest *7
10. Pneumothorax *3
11. Disaster surgery *1
12. Crush syndrome/rhabdomyolysis *2
Ulcers, Skin & Subcutaneous Lesions
Essays
1. Malignant melanoma *2
Short Notes
1. Varicose ulcer *1
2. Trophic ulcer
3. Bed sores/pressure sores/decubitus ulcer *2
4. Diabetic foot ulcer
5. Marjolin ulcer *2
6. Premalignant skin lesions *4
7. Actinic keratoses
8. Squamous cell carcinoma *2
9. Basal cell carcinoma/rodent ulcer *5
10. Malignant melanoma *2
11. Sebaceous cyst *1
12. Cock’s peculiar tumour *1
13. Pilonidal sinus *4
14. Lipoma *4
15. Dermatofibroma *1
16. Neurofibroma
17. Dermoid cyst *3
Burns and Grafts
Essays
1. Burns surface area + degrees of burn + assessment + features/complications +
resuscitation + management *7
Short Notes
1. Skin grafting *3
2. Tissue rejection *1
3. Assessment of burn wounds *4
 4. Post-burn complications *1
5. Electrical burns *4
6. Reconstruction of burn injuries *1
Neurosurgery
Short Notes
1. Neuropraxia *1
2. Neurapraxia *1
3. Pott’s puffy tumour
4. Hydrocephalus
Oral Cavity, Teeth, Lip and Palate
Short Notes
1. Oral cancers
2. Premalignant lesions of oral cavity *2
3. Leukoplakia *1
4. Buccal mucosa cancer *1
5. Odontomes
6. Dental cyst *5
7. Dentigerous/odontogenic cyst *7
8. Adamantinoma *4
9. Epulis *8
10. Vincent’s angina
11. Cleft lip, cleft palate *2
12. Complications of dental caries *2
13. Jaw tumours *1
14. Cheek cancer *1
15. Tongue cancer *1
16. Mandibular fractures *1
17. Le Fort fractures *2
Salivary Glands
Essays
1. Pleomorphic adenoma/mixed parotid tumour *3
Short Notes
1. Classification of tumours of salivary glands *1
2. Differential diagnosis of swelling below and behind ear *1
3. Acute parotitis
 4. Sialadenitis
5. Salivary calculus *1
6. Pleomorphic adenoma/mixed parotid tumour *9
7. Warthin’s tumour *4
8. Mucoepidermoid tumour
9. Adenoid cystic carcinoma
10. Frey’s syndrome *1
11. Sjögren’s syndrome
Neck Swellings
Short Notes
1. Ranula *4
2. Thyroglossal cyst *9
3. Branchial cleft cyst/pharyngeal cleft cyst *4
4. Branchial cleft fistula/pharyngeal cleft fistula *1
5. Carotid body tumours
6. Pancoast tumour
7. Horner syndrome *1
8. Cystic hygroma *2
Thyroid & Parathyroids
Essays
1. Multinodular goitre *1
2. Primary thyrotoxicosis *1
3. Graves’ disease *2
4. Thyroid cancer *2
5. Papillary carcinoma of thyroid *6
6. Toxic goitre *1
7. Diagnosis of diffuse swelling on anterior aspect of neck with hyperthyroid
symptoms *2
8. Hyperparathyroidism *1
Short Notes
1. Thyroid scan *1
2. Medullary carcinoma of thyroid *3
3. Differential diagnosis of solitary nodule of thyroid *1
4. Multinodular goitre *1
5. Thyroiditis *1
6. Thyroidectomy + complications
7. Thyroid storm *1
 8. Lingual thyroid *1
9. Classification + clinical features of thyroid neoplasms *5
10. Thyroid cyst *1
11. Parathyroid adenoma *1
12. Hypocalcaemia/tetany *7
Adrenals & Other Endocrine Disorders
Short Notes
1. Phaeochromocytoma *1
2. Neuroendocrine tumours *2
Breast
Essays
1. Breast cancer *10 + management of various TNM stages
 In premenopausal women *1
 In postmenopausal women *1
2. Differential diagnosis + management of lump in breast *5
Short Notes
1. Pyogenic mastitis
2. Discharge from the nipple *1
3. Cystosarcoma phyllodes/phyllodes tumour *8
4. Fibroadenoma *3
5. Gynaecomastia *1
6. Post-mastectomy breast reconstruction *1
7. Tamoxifen *1
8. Mammography *2
9. Lymphatic drainage of breast *2
10. Sentinel node biopsy for breast *1
Cardiothoracic Surgery
Short Notes
1. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) *2
2. Pseudoaneurysm *1
Vascular Surgery, Limb Ischaemia, Gangrene
Essays
1. Chronic limb ischaemia *1
2. Buerger’s disease/thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) *1
 3. Cervical rib *1
 Diagnosis + management of radiating pain, paraesthesia, muscle wasting
and gangrene of finger in the upper limb *2
Short Notes
1. Arteriovenous malformations/fistula *3
2. Arterial aneurysms
3. Popliteal aneurysm
4. Takayasu arteritis
5. Lower limb claudication *1
6. Investigations in peripheral arterial disease
7. TAO *3
8. Cervical rib *3
9. Raynaud phenomenon
10. Gangrene
11. Compartment syndrome *1
Varicose Veins, Venous Thrombosis
Essays
1. Varicose veins *3
Short Notes
2. Trendelenburg test *1
3. Trendelenburg operation*1
4. Complications of varicose veins *2
5. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) *5
6. DVT management in a polytrauma patient *1
7. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism *1
8. Recent advances in management of varicose veins *1
Lymphatics, Lymph Vessels, Lymphomas
Short Notes
1. Lymphoedema *2
2. Lymphangiogram
3. Hodgkin’s lymphoma *2
4. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
5. Burkitt’s lymphoma
Umbilicus and Abdominal Wall
Short Notes
1. Umbilical granuloma *1
2. Umbilical adenoma *1
3. Burst abdomen
4. Meleney ulcer/Meleney progressive post-operative synergistic gangrene *1
5. Desmoid tumour *1
6. Mass in umbilical region
Hernia
Essays
1. Strangulated inguinal hernia *3
Short Notes
1. Surgical anatomy of inguinal canal *1
2. Obstructed inguinal hernia *3
3. Sliding inguinal hernia *2
4. Complications of inguinal hernia *1
5. Strangulated inguinal hernia *2
6. Incarcerated/irreducible inguinal hernia *2
7. Umbilical hernia *1
8. Obturator hernia
9. Recurrent hernia
10. Femoral hernia *6
11. Maydl’s hernia *1
Peritoneum and Peritoneal Cavity
Short Notes
1. Pelvic abscess *1
2. Acute peritonitis
3. Biliary peritonitis
4. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
5. Pneumococcal peritonitis
6. Causes of peritonitis *2
7. Laparostomy
8. Subphrenic abscess *1
9. Pseudomyxoma peritonei
10. Overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI) *1
11. Diagnostic peritoneal lavage *1
Oesophagus and Diaphragm
Essays
1. Oesophageal cancer *3
2. Oesophageal varices *1
3. Massive variceal bleed *1
4. Causes + management of haematemesis *2
Short Notes
1. Causes of upper GI bleed/haematemesis *7
2. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) *1
3. Plummer-Vinson syndrome
4. Achalasia cardiae *5
5. Oesophageal strictures
6. Oesophageal diverticula
7. Dysphagia *2
8. Causes of dysphagia *2
9. Tracheoesophageal fistula
10. Hiatal hernias *1
11. Reflux oesophagitis
12. Oesophageal varices *1
Stomach and Duodenum
Essays
1. Perforated peptic ulcer *5
2. Stomach cancer *5
Short Notes
1. Complications of perforated peptic ulcer *2
2. Gastroscopy *1
3. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy *3
4. Vagotomy *1
5. Duodenal ulcers
6. Complications of peptic ulcer *1
7. Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis *5
8. Gastrojejunostomy
9. Gastrectomy
10. Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) *1
11. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome/Wilkie’s syndrome
12. Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) *1
Liver
Essays
1. Hydatid cyst (+life cycle of Echinococcus granulosus) *2
2. Portal hypertension *1
Short Notes
1. Amoebic liver abscess *4
2. Liver abscess *1
3. Hydatid cyst *5
4. Hepatoma
5. Liver secondaries
6. Variceal bleeding *1
7. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPSS) *1
Spleen
Essays
1. Splenomegaly *1
2. Spleen injury *1
Gall Bladder and Pancreas
Essays
1. Acute calculous cholecystitis/cholelithiasis/gallstones *4
2. Chronic cholecystitis *1
3. Obstructive jaundice *4
4. Acute pancreatitis *7
5. Management of ca. head of pancreas with obstructive jaundice *1
6. Bile duct stones *1
Short Notes
1. Causes of surgical jaundice *1
2. Mucocoele of gall bladder *2
3. Aetiology + classification of gallstones *2
4. Complications of gallstones *3
5. Investigations and management of common bile duct stone *1
6. Acalculous cholecystitis
7. Charcot’s triad *1
8. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) *4
9. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) *4
10. Choledochal cyst
 11. Chronic pancreatitis
12. Pancreatic cancer
13. Insulinoma *1
14. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome/gastrinoma *2
15. Pancreatic pseudocyst *6
16. Annular pancreas
17. Ultrasound in obstructive jaundice *1
Small Intestine, Appendix, Large Intestine, Rectum, Anal Canal
Essays
1. Sigmoid colon cancer *2
2. Acute intestinal obstruction *3
a. Adhesive intestinal obstruction *1
3. Ileocolic intussusception *1
4. Acute appendicitis *3
5. Differential diagnosis of mass/lump in the right iliac fossa *5
6. Ca rectum *6
7. Ca caecum *1
8. Ulcerative colitis *1
Short Notes
1. Classification + causes of intestinal obstructions *2
2. Carcinoid *3
3. Abdominal tuberculosis
4. Tuberculous peritonitis
5. TB mesenteric lymph nodes
6. Intestinal tuberculosis
7. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) *1
 Crohn’s disease
 Ulcerative colitis *2
8. Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) *1
9. Familial/hereditary hamartomatous polyposis
10. Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal carcinoma (HNPCC)
11. Short gut syndrome
12. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
13. Sigmoid volvulus *3
14. Meckel’s diverticulum *10
15. Diverticulitis *1
16. Diverticulosis *1
17. Duodenal atresia *1
 18. Meconium ileus *1
19. Paralytic ileus *1
20. Bowel outlet obstruction (BOO)
21. Pseudo-obstruction
22. Intussusception *5
23. Acute appendicitis *4
24. Appendicular abscess *1
25. Appendicular lump/mass *7
26. Colostomy *1
27. Imperforate anus *2
28. Haemorrhoids *2
29. Ischiorectal abscess *2
30. Fistula in ano *7
31. Anal fissure/fissure in ano *4
32. Rectal prolapse
33. Perianal abscess *1
34. Bleeding per rectum (+differentials) *4
Urinary Tract
Essays
1. Kidney cancer *2
2. Hydronephrosis *1
Short Notes
1. Causes of acute retention of urine *3
2. Intravenous pyelogram/urogram *4
3. Retrograde pyelogram
4. Renal arteriography
5. Micturating cystourethrography
6. Ascending urethrography
7. Ultrasound of kidney-ureter-bladder (USG KUB)
8. Radioisotope scanning
9. Endoscopy of KUB
10. Urethroscopy
11. Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) *3
12. Horseshoe kidney
13. Urinary stones/urolithiasis *2
14. Complications of urinary calculi *1
15. Staghorn calculus *1
16. Ureteric calculus *1
 17. Wilms’ tumour/nephroblastoma *1
18. Hydronephrosis *1
19. Renal TB
20. Acute pyelonephritis
21. Perinephric abscess *1
22. Ureteric colic *1
23. Anuria
24. Lithotripsy *1
25. Percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) *1
26. Schistosomiasis of the bladder *1
27. Vesical calculus
28. Ectopia vesicae/bladder exstrophy *1
29. Acute cystitis
30. Urinary bladder rupture
31. Acute retention of urine
32. Differential diagnosis/causes of haematuria *5
33. Hypospadias
Prostate
Essays
1. Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) *3
Short Notes
1. Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) *1
2. Prostate cancer
3. BPH *1
Penis, Testes and Scrotum
Essays
1. Hydrocoele *1
2. Undescended testis/cryptorchidism *2
3. Penis cancer *1
4. Seminoma testis *1
Short Notes
1. Normal descent of testis *1
2. Phimosis *1
3. Paraphimosis
4. Penis cancer *1
5. Ectopic testis
 6. Hydrocoele *4
7. Encysted hydrocoele *2
8. Infantile hydrocoele *1
9. Varicocoele *3
10. Torsion testis *9
11. Seminoma *4
12. Fournier’s gangrene *2
13. Hazards of undescended testis *1
14. Epididymal cyst *1
15. Circumcision *1
Transplantation
Short Notes
1. Immunosuppression in post-transplant patients *1
2. Cadaveric organ donation *1
 Orthopaedics
(!) Comes in General Surgery paper 1. 15 MCQs and all of section B come from ortho for 50 marks total.

General Orthopaedics
Short Notes
1. Trendelenburg gait
2. Trendelenburg sign *1
3. Arthroscopy *1
Congenital Deformities
Essays
1. Club foot *2
Short Notes
1. Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) *4
2. Congenital dislocation of the hip
3. Congenital torticollis *1
4. Club foot *5
Developmental Disorders of Bones
Short Notes
1. Exostosis *4
2. Osteogenesis imperfecta *1
Inflammation
Essays
1. Acute pyogenic osteomyelitis *1
Short Notes
1. Osteomyelitis *5
2. Sequestrum *4
3. Brodie’s abscess *3
4. Syphilitic infection of the bone
5. Syphilitic infection of the joints
6. Arthritis
7. Septic arthritis *1
8. Septic arthritis of infancy *1
9. Cold abscess *3
Generalised Diseases of Bone
Short Notes
1. Osteomalacia *1
2. Rickets *4
3. Vitamin D resistant rickets/hypophosphataemic rickets *1
4. Osteoporosis *1
5. Hyperparathyroidism *1
6. Paget’s disease of bone
Joint Diseases
Short Notes
1. Osteoarthritis *3
2. Osteoarthritis of the knee
3. Osteoarthritis of the hip
4. Gouty arthritis *1
5. Rheumatoid arthritis
6. Degenerative arthrosis
Avascular necrosis & Epiphyseal Osteochondritis
Short Notes
1. Avascular necrosis of bone
2. Perthes’ disease *2
Tumours of Bone
Essays
1. Osteosarcoma *5
2. Osteoclastoma/giant cell tumour *2
Short Notes
1. Classification of bone tumours
2. Bone cyst *2
3. Aneurysmal bone cyst *1
4. Chondrogenic tumours
5. Chondrosarcoma *1
6. Ewing sarcoma *3
7. Plasmacytoma *1
8. Bone/skeletal metastases *1
9. Multiple myeloma *1
10. Osteoclastoma *15
 11. Osteosarcoma *5
12. Principles of management of osteosarcoma *3
13. Clinical and radiological features of osteosarcoma *3
Neuromuscular Disorders
Short Notes
1. Foot drop *1
2. Wrist drop *7
3. Claw hand *3
4. Seddon’s classification + grading of nerve injuries *7
5. Tinel’s sign *1
6. Median nerve injuries
7. Ulnar nerve injuries
8. Tardy ulnar nerve palsy *1
9. Radial nerve injuries *1
10. Brachial plexus injuries *1
11. Erb’s palsy *1
12. Sciatic nerve injuries
13. Vascular injuries
Regional Conditions: Neck, Upper Limb
Short Notes
1. Torticollis
2. Periarthritis of the shoulder *1
3. Frozen shoulder *1
4. Tennis elbow *2
5. Cubitus varus *2
6. Cubitus valgus
7. Compound palmar ganglion *4
8. Ganglion *3
9. Trigger finger *1
10. Carpal tunnel syndrome *3
11. Dupuytren’s contracture *3
12. Volkmann’s ischaemic contracture *5
Regional Conditions: Spine, Lower Limb
Essays
1. TB spine/Caries spine/Pott’s disease and Pott’s paraplegia *2
Short Notes
1. Sciatica
2. Kyphosis
3. Scoliosis
4. Backache
5. Intervertebral disc prolapse
6. Genu varum/bowed legs/Blount’s disease
7. Genu valgum/knock-knees
8. Cysts around the knee joint *1
9. Baker’s cyst *4
10. Pes planus/flat foot
11. Hallux valgus
12. Pott’s paraplegia
13. Tuberculosis of the knee
14. Differential diagnosis of mass of distal femur *1
15. Hammer toe and mallet toe *1
16. Below-knee amputation (BKA) *1
Advances in Orthopaedic Surgery
Short Notes
1. Appendix III splinting
2. Traction *1
Injuries of Bones and Joints
Short Notes
1. Types of fractures
2. Pathological fractures *3
3. Principles of treatment of open fractures *1
4. Factors which influence fracture healing
5. Types of internal fixation
6. Myositis ossificans *4
7. Fat embolism
8. Nonunion *3
9. Malunion
10. Greenstick fractures *2
11. Polytrauma
12. Soft tissue injury
Injuries of the Shoulder and Upper Limb
Essays
1. Fall on Outstretched Hand (FOOSH) fractures *3
2. Supracondylar fracture of humerus *4
3. Shaft of humerus fracture *1
4. Colle’s fracture *4
5. Dislocation of shoulder joint *1
Short Notes
1. Clavicle fracture *1
2. Dislocation of shoulder joint *2
3. Neck of humerus fracture
4. Shaft of humerus fracture
5. Supracondylar fracture of humerus *1
6. Fracture of olecranon *1
7. Elbow joint dislocation
8. Pulled elbow
9. Head of radius fracture *1
10. Colle’s fracture *8
11. Monteggia’s fracture
12. Galeazzi’s fracture
13. Smith’s fracture *1
14. Scaphoid bone fracture *1
15. Bennett’s fracture *1
Injuries of the Hip and Lower Limb
Essays
1. Posterior dislocation of hip *1
2. Neck of femur fractures *7
3. Proximal femur fractures *2
 Features, investigations, tx, complications of 55 y/o female who had
trivial fall at home and presented with pain in hip and inability to walk
4. Trochanteric fractures of femur
5. Shaft of femur fracture *2
6. Supracondylar fracture of femur *1
7. Tibia fracture *2
8. Fracture of bones of lower 1/3rd of leg *1
9. Ankle fractures *2
Short Notes
1. Classification of hip dislocations *1
2. Congenital dislocation of hip *1
3. Patellar fracture *3
4. Dislocation of knee
5. Internal derangement of knee
6. Compartment syndrome *1
 Obstetrics
Foetal Skull and Maternal Pelvis
Short Notes
1. Foetal skull *1
2. Anteroposterior diameter of pelvic outlet
Physiological Changes in Pregnancy
Short Notes
1. Breast changes in pregnancy
2. Haematological changes in pregnancy *1
3. Cardiovascular changes in pregnancy *4
Diagnosis of Pregnancy
Short Notes
1. Diagnosis of pregnancy
2. Symptoms and signs of pregnancy *3
3. Pregnancy tests *1
4. Hegar’s sign *1
Antenatal Care and Pre-Conceptional Counselling
Essays
1. Complications of medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) *1
Short Notes
1. Antenatal care *2
2. Anencephaly *2
3. Teratogenic drugs
4. Screening tests in antenatal period
5. Ultrasound/USG in obstetrics *3
6. Amniocentesis *1
7. Anomaly scan *1
8. Nutrition in pregnancy
9. Antepartum surveillance *1
10. Foetal biophysical profile *1
11. Non-stress test (NST)/foetal heart rate monitoring *7
12. Antenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies *1
13. MTP *1
Normal Labour
Essay
1. Management of 3rd stage of labour *2
Short Notes
1. Management of labour *3
2. Conduct of labour *1
3. 1st stage of labour
4. True labour pains
5. Bishop’s score
6. 2nd stage of labour
7. Mechanism of normal labour *2
8. Engagement of head *1
9. Assessment of descent of head *1
10. Crowning
11. Vertex presentation
12. 3rd stage of labour *2
13. Active management of 3rd stage of labour *6
14. Signs of placental separation *1
15. Admission test in labour *1
16. Intrapartum care/care during parturition
17. Intrapartum monitoring/partogram *8
18. Electronic foetal monitoring (EFM)/cardiotocography (CTG) *3
19. Prostaglandins *2
20. Oxytocics
21. Induction of labour *5
22. Oxytocin drip for acceleration of labour *1
Operative Vaginal Delivery & Caesarean Section
Essays
1. Caesarean section *1
2. Options for delivery in a case of previous caesarean section + reasoning *1
Short Notes
1. Dilation and evacuation
2. Vacuum aspiration
3. Episiotomy *5
4. Complete perineal tear *1
5. Instrumental vaginal delivery/assisted vaginal delivery *3
 6. Indications + contraindications of instrumental vaginal delivery *1
7. Criteria + indications for forceps delivery *5
8. Cullet forceps *1
9. Mid-cavity forceps *1
10. Ventouse/vacuum delivery *2
11. Lower segment Caesarean section (LSCS)
12. Ten indications + complications of LSCS
13. Post-operative care after LSCS *1
14. Previous caesarean section
15. Vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC)/trial of labour after caesarean (TOLAC)
Normal Puerperium
Short Notes
1. Normal puerperium
2. Lactation
3. Puerperal fever *2
Diseases of the Foetus and Newborn
Short Notes
1. Foetal distress *2
2. Apgar score
3. Neonatal seizures *1
4. Neonatal respiratory distress/neonatal asphyxia/birth anoxia/asphyxia
neonatorum *10
5. Neonatal jaundice *10
6. Physiological jaundice of the newborn *1
7. Neonatal birth injuries *1
8. Cephalohaematoma *4
9. Pre-term newborn *2
Abortion & Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
Essays
1. Types of abortion *1
2. Threatened abortion *2
3. Causes + management of 1st trimester bleeding *2
Short Notes
1. Causes 1st trimester bleeding *1
2. Clinical features + differential diagnoses of abortion/miscarriage
 3. Recurrent pregnancy loss
4. Missed abortion *3
5. Septic abortion *1
6. Cervical incompetence
Ectopic Pregnancy
Essays
1. Ectopic pregnancy *8 (management of ruptured *4)
2. Evaluation + management of amenorrhoea + abdominal pain + bleeding PV *3
Short Notes
1. Predisposing factors/causes for ectopic pregnancy *3
2. Management of unruptured ectopic *3
3. Diagnosis + management of ruptured ectopic *6
4. Management of a tubal ectopic pregnancy *1
Multiple Pregnancy and Hydramnios
Essays
1. Twin pregnancy/multiple gestation *3
Short Notes
1. Polyhydramnios *1
2. Oligohydramnios
3. Diagnosis + complications of multiple pregnancy *12
Growth Restriction & Macrosomia
Essays
1. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) *2
Short Notes
1. Symmetrical IUGR
2. Asymmetrical IUGR
3. Macrosomia
Prematurity, Rupture of Membranes, Postdated Pregnancy
Essays
1. Pre-term labour *1
2. Post-dated pregnancy *2
Short Notes
1. Pre-term labour *2
2. Premature rupture of membranes (PROM)
3. Pre-term premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) *1
Antepartum Haemorrhage
Essays
1. Antepartum haemorrhage *7
2. Abruptio placentae/placental abruption *2
3. Placenta praevia
a. Evaluation + management of painless antenatal bleeding P/V *1
Short Notes
1. Definition + causes of antepartum haemorrhage *2
2. Couvelaire uterus/uteroplacental apoplexy *1
3. Placenta praevia *5
4. Placenta praevia vs placental abruption *1
Other Antenatal Obstetric Complications
Short Notes
1. Hyperemesis gravidarum *5
2. Intrauterine foetal death (IUFD) *4
3. Rh-negative pregnancy *3
4. Prevention of Rhesus isoimmunisation *1
5. High-risk pregnancy *1
6. Bad obstetric history
Malposition, Malpresentation, Cord Prolapse
Essays
1. Breech *5
Short Notes
1. Occipitoposterior presentation *1
2. Deep transverse arrest *2
3. Complications of breech *1
4. Assisted breech delivery *2 (+steps)
5. Delivery of aftercoming head in breech *1
6. Face to pubis delivery/face presentation *1
7. Cord prolapse *2
 8. External cephalic version (ECV) *10
9. Internal podalic version
Cephalopelvic Disproportion, Prolonged Labour & Dystocia
Essays
1. Conduct of trial of labour *1
2. Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)
3. Management of labour in mother with contracted pelvis *1
4. Uterine rupture *1
Short Notes
1. Obstructed labour
2. Macrosomia *1
3. Shoulder dystocia *5
4. Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) *4
5. Trial of labour
6. Bandi’s ring *1
Complications of Third Stage of Labour & Puerperium
Essays
1. Post-partum haemorrhage (PPH) *13
2. Complications of 3rd stage of labour
Short Notes
1. Causes + management of PPH *4
2. Retained placenta *1
3. Adherent placenta *1
4. Placenta accreta
5. Inversion of uterus
6. Puerperal sepsis
Maternal Complications of Pregnancy
Essays
1. Anaemia *11
2. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) *2
3. Mitral stenosis
4. Gestational hypertension *6
5. Pre-eclampsia *1
6. Eclampsia *8
7. Essential hypertension
Short Notes
1. Haematinics *1
2. Anaemia *7 (prevention + management + complications)
3. Prevention + treatment of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) *5
4. Parenteral iron therapy *1
5. Heart disease in pregnancy
6. Congestive heart failure (CHF) in pregnancy *1
7. Classification of functional capacity in heart failure complicating pregnancy *1
8. Complications of GDM *3
9. Screening of GDM *8
10. Anti-convulsant therapy *4
11. Tuberculosis in pregnancy
12. HIV infection in pregnancy
13. Anti-hypertensives in pregnancy *2
14. Magnesium sulphate/MgSO4 *1
15. Pre-eclampsia *1
16. Eclampsia *4
17. Imminent eclampsia *1
18. Management of eclampsia *5
19. Pritchard’s regimen
20. HELLP syndrome *1
21. Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy *1
Community Obstetrics
Short Notes
1. Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques Act *1
2. Maternal mortality *12 (esp. causes)
3. Perinatal mortality *6
4. Reproductive and Child Health programme (RCH) *3
5. National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) *1
*Questions from Birth Control, Infertility & Gestational Trophoblastic Disease can
appear in the Obstetrics paper.
 Gynaecology
Anatomy and Physiology
Short Notes
1. Pelvic floor anatomy *3
2. Lymphatic drainage of cervix *5
3. Normal menstrual cycle *2
4. Secretory endometrium *1
Gynaecological Diagnosis
Short Notes
1. Papanicolaou test/smear (Pap smear) *8
2. Bethesda system of cytology reporting *1
3. Cone biopsy *1
4. Fractional curettage *2
5. Laparoscopy *4
6. Colposcopy *3
7. Hysteroscopy *1
8. Hysterosalpingography (HSG) *4
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding, Menstrual Cycles Disorders & Amenorrhoea
Essays
1. Amenorrhoea *2
2. Menorrhagia *10
3. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)/abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) *13
Short Notes
1. Definition + FIGO classification (PALM COEIN) + causes of AUB *10
2. Differential diagnoses of AUB *1
3. Management of AUB *8
4. Abnormalities of menstrual cycle *1
5. Cryptomenorrhoea *2
6. Dysmenorrhoea *4
7. Causes of menorrhagia *3
8. Pubertal menorrhagia *7 (incl. evaluation + management)
9. Metropathia haemorrhagica *1
10. Cystic glandular hyperplasia *1
11. Turner syndrome (45, XO) *2
12. Secondary amenorrhoea *1
Benign Diseases of the Vulva, Vagina & Cervix
Essays
1. Causes + management of excessive white discharge per vaginam *2
2. Descending mass per vaginam *4
3. Erosion of cervix/ectropion of cervix
Short Notes
1. Leucorrhoea/white discharge per vaginam *4
2. Evaluation of leucorrhoea *1
3. Bacterial vaginosis *3
4. Trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis *7
5. Vaginal candidiasis/moniliasis/monilial vulvovaginitis *13
6. Erosion of cervix *1
7. Cervical stenosis
Benign Diseases of the Uterus
Essays
1. Fibroid uterus/leiomyoma/myoma *6
Short Notes
1. Asherman syndrome *1
2. Adenomyosis *4
3. Red degeneration of fibroid *4
4. Fibroid uterus *34
 Types (anatomical site + FIGO classification of 0-8)
 Clinical features
 Management (diagnosis + treatment)
 Complications
 Principles and workup for myomectomy
 Complications of myomectomy
5. Uterine artery embolisation *1
6. Indications and contraindications of abdominal/vaginal hysterectomy *1
7. Complications of abdominal/vaginal hysterectomy *3
Benign Diseases of the Fallopian Tubes and Ovaries
Essays
1. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) *1
2. Differential diagnosis of dyspepsia + pain/mass abdomen + bilateral ovarian
enlargement; investigations required to arrive at diagnosis *2
Short Notes
1. PCOS *1
2. Complications of benign ovarian tumours *4
3. Epithelial tumours of the ovary
4. Functional ovarian tumours *1
5. Mucinous cystadenoma of ovary *1
6. Benign cystic teratoma *1
7. Dermoid cyst *10
8. Granulosa cell tumour *2
9. Cystic glandular hyperplasia
Genital Infections & Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Essay
1. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) *3
Short Notes
1. Genital tuberculosis *1
2. Bartholin’s abscess *1
3. Chlamydial infections *1
4. Investigations + treatment of PID *3
5. Complications of PID *1
Endometriosis
Essays
1. Endometriosis *1
Short Notes
1. Chocolate cyst of the ovary *6
2. Management of endometriosis *7
Perimenopause
Essays
1. Evaluation + management of post-menopausal bleeding *5
Short Notes
1. Menopause *1
2. Symptoms + management of menopause *2
3. Causes/differentials of post-menopausal bleeding *8
4. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) *3
Infertility
Essays
1. Primary infertility *2
2. Ovulatory infertility *1
3. Anovulation/anovulatory infertility/anovulatory cycles *2
4. Evaluation + counselling of infertile couple *6
Short Notes
1. Semen analysis *5
2. Evaluation of infertility *1
3. Causes of infertility/male factors in infertility/female factors in infertility *4
4. Basic investigations in female infertility *1
5. Anovulation *2
6. Tubal factors in infertility *1
7. Tests for tubal patency *8
8. Tests for ovulation *8
9. Induction of ovulation *3
10. Ovulation inducing drugs *2
Birth Control and Medical Termination of Pregnancy
Essay
1. Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) *1
2. Female sterilisation *1
Short Notes
1. Types of contraception *1
2. Male contraception *1
3. Pearl index *1
4. Barrier contraception *4
5. Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) *5
6. Copper-T 380A *1
7. Complications of IUCDs *4
8. Misplaced IUCD *2
9. Indications and contraindications for IUCDs *3
10. Hormonal contraception *2
11. Progesterone-only contraception *1
12. Routes of administration + applications of progesterone in contraception *1
13. Mirena *3
14. OCPs *6
 15. Mechanism of action of OCPs *1
16. Non-contraceptive benefits of OCPs *6
17. Side effects of OCPs *1
18. Injectable contraception *1
19. Implantable contraception
20. Emergency contraception *7
21. Postpartum sterilisation *4
22. Interval sterilisation *1
23. Female sterilisation *2
24. Pomeroy method of sterilisation *1
25. Laparoscopic sterilisation *1
26. Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP)/medical abortion *9
Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Essay
1. Uterovaginal prolapse (UV prolapse)/pelvic organ prolapse *9
Short Notes
1. Supports of the uterus *14
2. Aetiology/causes + risk factors + degrees/classification (Shaw system, Baden-
Walker system, POP-Q) of uterine prolapse *8
3. Features + management of uterovaginal prolapse *8
4. Cystocoele *2
5. Fothergill operation/Manchester operation *1
Gynaecological Oncology
Essays
1. Postcoital bleeding *5 (incl. differential diagnosis)
2. Cervical cancer *11
 Evaluation + management of lower abdomen pain + foul smelling
discharge PV + spotting *1
3. Differentials diagnosis + investigation of mass abdomen + AUB *4
4. Malignant ovarian tumours *2
Short Notes
1. Screening for ca cervix *2
2. Early detection of ca cervix *1
3. FIGO classification of ca cervix/staging of ca cervix *8
4. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)
5. Causes of ca cervix *2
 6. Clinical features of ca cervix *5
7. Ca cervix stage 1 *1
8. Ca cervix stage 1a *2
9. Ca cervix stage 1b *1
10. Ca cervix stage 2 *2
11. Investigations for ca cervix *6
12. Radiotherapy for ca cervix *1
13. Atypical endometrial hyperplasia *2
14. Management of endometrial carcinoma *1
15. Differential diagnosis of abdominal mass *5
16. Staging of ovarian cancers *1
17. Features of malignant ovarian tumours *1
18. Dysgerminoma *5
19. CA-125 *1
20. Krukenberg tumour *3
21. Staging laparotomy *2
22. Cryosurgery *1
23. Hydatidiform mole *3
24. Vesicular mole *1
25. Choriocarcinoma *2
26. Follow-up of molar pregnancy *13
*Questions from Ectopic Pregnancy can appear in the Gynaecology paper.
 Paediatrics
Normal and Abnormal Growth & Development
Essays
1. Factors affecting growth and development *5
2. Assessment of growth and development *2
3. Normal development
4. Developmental milestones *1
5. Evaluation of development
Short Notes
1. Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) *1
2. Laws of growth
3. Normal growth
4. Growth chart *3
5. Anthropometric assessment of growth *1
6. Anthropometric measurements at 1yr of age *2
7. Anthropometric measurements at 3yr of age *1
8. Age-dependent anthropometric measurements *1
9. Age-independent anthropometric measurements *4
10. Short stature *5
11. Developmental milestones *3
12. Developmental achievements by 2 years of age *2
13. Intelligence quotient (IQ) *2
14. Intellectual disability *4 (incl. causes + prevention)
15. Learning disabilities
16. Toilet training
17. Nocturnal enuresis *10
18. Temper tantrums *4
19. Breath holding spells *3
20. Autism spectrum disorders
21. Pica *4
22. Evening colic
Adolescent Health
Short Notes
1. Anorexia nervosa *2
2. Tanner staging: girls *2
3. Tanner staging: boys
Fluids and Electrolytes
Short Notes
1. Dyselectrolytaemias
2. Acid-base disturbances
3. Causes of metabolic acidosis *1
Nutrition
Essays
1. Breastfeeding/breastmilk *3
2. Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) *5 (Kwashiorkor 2 Marasmus 2)
3. Severe acute malnutrition *1
4. Rickets *1
Short Notes
1. Composition of breastmilk *2
2. Assessment of breastfeeding *1
3. Advantages of breastfeeding *6
4. Colostrum *1
5. Complementary feeds *6
6. Kangaroo mother care *3
7. Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative *2
8. Water, protein and calorie requirement of a 1 year old
9. Growth parameters
10. Classification of malnutrition *1
11. Criteria for assessing malnutrition *1
12. Classification of PEM *4
13. Kwashiorkor *2
14. National Nutrition Programme
15. Complementary feeding
16. Vitamin A deficiency *4
17. Vitamin A prophylaxis *2
18. Vitamin D
19. Vitamin D deficiency/rickets *5
20. Vitamin E
21. Vitamin K
22. Vitamin C
23. Thiamine
24. Vitamin B6
25. Folic acid
 26. Hypocalcaemia/Tetany *1
27. Dietary sources + requirements of iron *1
28. Importance of trace elements *1
29. Iodine deficiency/cretinism *3
30. Fluorine
31. Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) *1
Newborns
Essays
1. Neonatal resuscitation
2. Causes + investigations + treatment of neonatal jaundice *7
3. Neonatal asphyxia/birth anoxia/asphyxia neonatorum *3
4. Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome *3
5. Neonatal seizures *1
Short Notes
1. Normal full-tern newborn
2. Care of newborn *2
3. Anterior fontanelle *2
4. Teratogens *3
5. Apgar score *4
6. Umbilical sepsis *2
7. Low birth weight (LBW)
8. Complications of prematurity *1
9. Neonatal vaccinations *1
10. Neonatal sepsis *2
11. Steps in neonatal resuscitation *1
12. Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy
13. Resuscitation of neonatal asphyxia *2
14. Complications of severe birth anoxia *1
15. Causes of tachypnoea in a newborn *1
16. Neonatal respiratory distress/hyaline membrane disease *2
17. Investigations for neonatal respiratory distress *1
18. Meconium aspiration
19. Congenital malformations
20. Anorectal malformations
21. Hypoglycaemia in newborn *1
22. Neonatal thyroid screening *1
23. Infants of diabetic mothers
24. Kernicterus
 25. Predisposing factors to kernicterus *1
26. Neonatal jaundice *2
27. Physiological jaundice of newborn *11
28. Causes of neonatal seizures
29. Neonatal hypothermia *2
Immunity and Immunisation
Essays
1. Immunisation schedule *4
Short Notes
1. Immunisation schedule by 1st year of life *3
2. Immunisation schedule for adolescents *2
3. Oral polio vaccine (OPV)/Sabin vaccine *3
4. Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)/Salk vaccine *3
5. Pulse polio immunisation *4
6. BCG vaccine *4
7. DPT vaccine *3
8. TT vaccine
9. Pentavalent vaccine *1
10. Measles vaccine *2
11. MMR vaccine *1
12. Hepatitis B vaccine
13. Varicella vaccine
14. Rabies vaccine
15. Rotavirus vaccine
16. Typhoid vaccine
17. Hib vaccine
18. Pneumococcal vaccine
19. JE vaccine
20. Optional vaccines *1
21. Newer vaccines *2
22. Expanded programme on immunisation
23. Cold chain *2
Infectious Diseases
Essays
1. Measles *3
2. Tuberculosis *1
3. Enteric fever *1
Short Notes
1. Fever/pyrexia of unknown origin (FUO/PUO)
2. Fever with rash/exanthematous fever *5
3. Differential diagnosis of fever with maculopapular rash *1
4. Chicken pox
5. Measles complications *6
6. Prevention of measles *2
7. Mumps
8. Polio
9. Viral hepatitis
10. Dengue fever
11. Dengue shock syndrome *3
12. Complications of dengue *1
13. Diagnosis + management of dengue *2
14. Diagnostic criteria for HIV/AIDS in children *3
15. AIDS-defining conditions in children*1
16. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV *2
17. ASO titre *1
18. Diphtheria
19. Pertussis/whooping cough
20. Enteric fever/typhoid
21. Complications + management of typhoid *1
22. Bacillary dysentery/shigellosis *1
23. Tuberculin test/Mantoux test *2
24. Primary complex *1
25. Leptospirosis *1
26. Treatment of vivax malaria in children *1
27. Falciparum malaria *3
28. Complications + management of malaria *2
29. Management of uncomplicated malaria *1
30. Management of drug-resistant malaria *1
31. Treatment of cerebral malaria *1
32. Amoebiasis
Gastrointestinal and Liver Disorders
Essays
1. Acute diarrhoeal disease/acute gastroenteritis *7
2. Assessment + management of dehydration *3
3. Jaundice *1
Short Notes
1. Vomiting
2. Management of acute watery diarrhoea with some signs of dehydration *3
3. Causes of diarrhoea *3
4. Complications of diarrhoea *1
5. WHO classification of diarrhoeal dehydration *2
6. Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
7. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
8. Constipation
9. Hirschsprung disease
10. Abdominal pain
11. Oral rehydration salt solution (ORS) *10
12. ReSoMal *1
13. Coeliac disease
14. Cystic fibrosis
15. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
16. Anorectal malformation *1
17. Liver biopsy
18. Hepatomegaly
19. Hepatic encephalopathy
20. Portal hypertension
21. Cirrhosis *2
22. Complications of fulminant hepatitis *1
23. Milk protein intolerance
24. Management of Wilson’s disease *1
Haematological Disorders
Essays
1. Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) *7
2. Thalassaemia *2
Short Notes
1. Causes of anaemia in children *5
2. Nutritional anaemias *1
3. Causes + management + prevention of IDA *9
4. Megaloblastic anaemia
5. Classification of haemolytic anaemias *2
6. Hereditary spherocytosis
7. G6PD deficiency
8. Autoimmune haemolytic anaemias
 9. Thalassaemia *1
10. Management strategies of thalassaemia *1
11. Sickle cell anaemia
12. Aplastic anaemia
13. Idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura (ITP)
14. Lab diagnosis of haemolytic anaemias
15. Haemophilia
16. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
17. Haemorrhagic diseases of newborn *2
18. Methaemoglobinaemia
19. Nutritional anaemias
20. Classification of anaemias
21. Venous access
22. Bone marrow aspiration
23. Bone marrow biopsy
ENT Disorders
Short Notes
1. Causes of stridor *1
2. Common cold
3. Sore throat
4. Rhinitis
5. Nasal obstructions
6. Epistaxis *1
7. Choanal atresia
8. Otitis media
9. Otitis externa
Respiratory Disorders
Essays
1. Recurrent respiratory tract infections *1
2. Pneumonia *4
3. Acute respiratory distress *4
4. Acute severe bronchial asthma (ASBA)/status asthmaticus *1
Short Notes
1. Differential diagnosis of acute cough + breathlessness *2
2. Bronchial asthma
3. ASBA *6
4. Common causes of wheezing *1
 5. Acute Respiratory Infection Control Programme (ARICP) *2
6. Bronchiolitis *5
7. Pleural effusion
8. Bronchiectasis
9. IMNCI classification of pneumonia *1
10. Classification + causes of pneumonia *1
11. Complications of pneumonia *1
12. Management of empyema thoracis *1
13. Acute respiratory distress in pre-school child *3
Cardiovascular Disorders
Essays
1. Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) *3
2. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) *3
3. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) *3
4. Congestive heart failure (CHF) *1
Short Notes
1. Foetal circulation
2. Classification of congenital heart disease *2
3. Myocardial disease
4. Ebstein anomaly
5. Atrial septal defects (ASD)
6. Pulmonary stenosis
7. Aortic stenosis
8. Coarctation of the aorta
9. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
10. Features of TOF *2
11. Cyanotic spells *10
12. Complications of VSD *1
13. Patent ductus arteriosus
14. Diastolic dysfunction
15. Primary and secondary prevention of ARF *2
16. Infective endocarditis *1
17. Treatment + prophylaxis of infective endocarditis *1
18. CHF *2
19. Management of CHF *8
20. Causes of hypertension (HTN) in children *2
21. Prevention + management of HTN in children
22. Kawasaki disease *1
Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders
Essays
1. Acute glomerulonephritis *1
2. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) *3
3. Nephrotic syndrome *5
4. Minimal change disease *3
Short Notes
1. Causes + evaluation of haematuria *4
2. Proteinuria
3. Henoch-Schoenlein purpura (HSP) *1
4. Vesicoureteral reflux
5. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) *1
6. Acute kidney injury (AKI) *1
7. Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
8. Fanconi syndrome
9. Urinary stones/urolithiasis
10. Differential diagnosis of facial puffiness + bilateral leg swelling *1
11. Nephrotic syndrome *8 (esp. diagnosis)
12. Complications + management of minimal change disease *2
13. Complications of acute glomerulonephritis *3
14. Differences between nephritic syndrome and nephrotic syndrome *1
15. Features of PSGN *2
16. Diagnosis of PSGN *2
17. Management of PSGN *2
18. Complications of PSGN *6
Endocrine, Reproductive and Metabolic Disorders
Short Notes
1. Growth hormone
2. Congenital hypothyroidism *3
3. Goitre
4. Hypothyroidism *2
5. Diagnosis of hypothyroid in children *1
6. Hyperthyroidism
7. Cushing syndrome *1
8. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
9. Precocious puberty
10. Cryptorchidism
 11. Micropenis
12. Diabetes mellitus
13. Diabetic ketoacidosis
14. Antidiabetic agents
15. Neonatal thyroid screening
Central Nervous System Disorders
Essays
1. Pyogenic meningitis *2
2. Cerebral palsy
3. Acute flaccid paralysis *1
4. Febrile convulsions: differentials/causes + investigations + treatment *2
Short Notes
1. Lumbar puncture *1
2. Microcephaly *1
3. Status epilepticus *1
4. Febrile convulsions *18
5. Epilepsy
6. Pyogenic meningitis *1
7. CSF changes in pyogenic meningitis *1
8. Complications of pyogenic meningitis *3
9. Tuberculous meningitis
10. Diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis *1
11. CSF changes in tuberculous meningitis *2
12. Encephalitis
13. Encephalopathies
14. Hydrocephalus *2
15. Reye’s syndrome
16. Sydenham chorea/rheumatic chorea
17. AFP surveillance *1
18. Differential diagnosis of AFP *2
19. Facial nerve palsy *1
Neuromuscular Disorders
Short Notes
1. Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy
2. Becker’s muscular dystrophy
3. Myasthenia gravis
4. Floppy baby syndrome
Childhood Malignancies
Short Notes
1. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) *1
2. Acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML)
3. Chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) *1
4. Lymphomas
5. Ewing sarcoma
6. Wilms’ tumour
Rheumatological/Musculoskeletal Disorders
Short Notes
1. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis/rheumatoid arthritis
2. Management of RA *1
3. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
4. Osteoporosis
5. Osteogenesis imperfecta
Genetic Disorders
Short Notes
1. Down syndrome *1
2. Antenatal screening + diagnosis for Down syndrome *4
3. Edward syndrome
4. Patau syndrome
5. Turner syndrome
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Short Notes
1. Tyrosinaemia
2. Albinism
3. Alkaptonuria
4. Phenylketonuria
5. Homocystinuria
6. Hartnup’s disease
7. Maple syrup urine disease
8. Urea cycle disorders
9. Defects of carbohydrate metabolism
10. Lysosomal storage disorders
11. α1-antitrypsin deficiency
Eye Disorders
Short Notes
1. Causes of blindness *2
2. WHO classification of xerophthalmia *1
3. Bitot spots *1
Skin Disorders
Short Notes
1. Bullous disorders
2. Pyoderma
3. Excessive scalding
4. Viral skin infections
5. Fungal skin infections
6. Parasitic skin infections
7. Scabies
8. Atopic dermatitis
9. Acne vulgaris *2
10. Papular urticaria
Poisoning and Critical Care
Short Notes
1. Presenting features of common poisoning
2. Paracetamol dosage + side effects *1
3. Kerosene poisoning *5
4. Scorpion sting *1
5. Basic life support
6. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)