Maths

Class- X-CBSE-Mathematics Triangles
CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Mathematics Chapter 6

Back of Chapter Questions
EXERCISE 6.1
1. Fill in the blanks using the correct word given in brackets:
(i) All circles are _________. (congruent, similar)
(ii) All squares are _________. (similar, congruent)
(iii) All _________ triangles are similar. (Isosceles, equilateral)
(iv) Two polygons of the same number of sides re similar, if (a) their
corresponding angles are _________ and (b) their corresponding sides are
_________. (equal, proportional)
Solution:
(i) similar, since size of circles may be different, but shape will be always
same.
(ii) similar, since size of squares may be different, but shape will be always
same.
(iii) All equilateral triangles are similar because of their same shape.
(iv) Two polygons of same number of sides are similar, if (a) their
corresponding angles are equal and (b) their corresponding sides are
proportional.
2. Give two different examples of pair of
(i) Similar figures.
(ii) Non-similar figures.
Solution:
(i) Two equilateral triangles with sides 1cmand 2cm.
Two squares with sides 1cmand 2cm.
Practice more on Triangles Page - 1 www.embibe.com

(ii) Trapezium and Square
Triangle and Parallelogram
3. State whether the following quadrilaterals are similar or not:
Solution:
Corresponding sides of two quadrilaterals are proportional i. e. 1: 2 but their
corresponding angles are not equal. Hence, quadrilateral PQRS and ABCD are not
similar.
EXERCISE 6.2
1. In Fig. (i) and (ii), DE ∥ BC. Find EC in (i) and AD in (ii).

(i)
(ii)
Solution:
(i)
Let EC = 𝑥𝑥cm
Since DE ∥ BC
Hence, using basic proportionality theorem,
AD AE
=
DB EC
1.5 1
⇒ =
3 𝑥𝑥
3×1
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 =
1.5
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = 2
Hence, EC = 2cm

(ii)
Let AD = 𝑥𝑥
Since DE ∥ BC,
AD AE
=
DB EC
𝑥𝑥 1.8
⇒ =
7.2 5.4
1.8 × 7.2
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 =
5.4
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = 2.4
Hence, AD = 2.4cm
2. Eand F are points on the sides PQ and PR respectively of a ∆PQR. For each of the
following cases, state whether EF ∥ QR:
(i) PE = 3.9cm, EQ = 3cm, PF = 3.6cmandFR = 2.4cm
(ii) PE = 4cm, QE = 4.5cm, PF = 8cmandRF = 9cm
(ii) PQ = 1.28cm, PR = 2.56cm, PE = 0.18cmandPF = 0.36cm
Solution:
(i)

Given, PE = 3.9, EQ = 3, PF = 3.6, FR = 2.4

Now,
PE 3.9
= = 1.3
EQ 3
PF 3.6
= = 1.5
FR 2.4
PE PF
Since, EQ ≠ FR
Hence, EF is not parallel to QR.
(ii)
Given, PE = 4, QE = 4.5, PF = 8, RF = 9
PE 4 8
= =
EQ 4.5 9
PF 8
=
FR 9
PE PF
Since EQ = FR
Hence,EF ∥ QR (using basic proportionality theorem)

(iii)
Given, PQ = 1.28, PR = 2.56, PE = 0.18, PF = 0.36
∴ 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 − 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 1.28 − 0.18 = 1.1 and 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 − 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 2.56 −
0.36 = 2.2
PE 0.18 18 9
= = =
EQ 1.1 110 55
PF 0.36 9
= =
FR 2.2 55
PE PF
Since EQ = FR
Hence, EF ∥ QR (using basic proportionality theorem)

3. In Fig. if LM ∥ CB and LN ∥ CD, prove that
AM AN
=
AB AD
Solution:

In the given figure

Since LM ∥ CB.
AM AL
= … (i)
MB LC
Again, since LN ∥ CD
AN AL
= … (ii)
ND LC
From (i) and (ii)
AM AN
=
MB ND
MB ND
⇒ AM = AN
MB ND
⇒ AM + 1 = AN +
MB + AM ND + AN
⇒ =
AM AN
AB AD
⇒ =
AM AN
AM AN
⇒ =
AB AD
4. In Figure, DE ∥ AC andDF ∥ AE. Prove that

BF BE
=
FE EC
Solution:

In ΔABC
Since DE ∥ AC
BD BE
Hence, DA = EC … (i) (using basic proportionality theorem)
In ∆BAE,
Since DF ∥ AE
BD BF
Hence, DA = FE … (ii) (using basic proportionality theorem)
From (i) and(ii)

BE BF
=
EC FE
5. In Figure, DE ∥ OQ andDF ∥ OR. Show thatEF ∥ QR.
Solution:

In ∆POQ
Since DE ∥ OQ
PE PD
EQ
= DO … (i)[Using basic proportionality theorem]
In ∆POR
Since DF ∥ OR
PF PD
FR
= DO … (ii)[Using basic proportionality theorem]
From (i)and (ii)

PE PF
=
EQ FR
Using converse of basic proportionality theorem
EF ∥ QR
6. In Figure A, B andC are points onOP, OQ andOR respectively such thatAB ∥ PQ

andAC ∥ PR. Show that BC ∥ QR.

Solution:
In ∆POQ
Since AB ∥ PQ,
OA OB
Hence, AP = BQ … (i)[Using basic proportionality theorem]
In ∆POR
Since AC ∥ PR
OA OC
Hence, AP = CR … (ii)[Using basic proportionality theorem]
From (i)and (ii)

OB OC
=
BQ CR
Hence, BC ∥ QR
(Using converse of basic proportionality theorem)

7. Prove that a line drawn through the mid-point of one side of a triangle parallel to
another side bisects the third side. (Recall that you have proved it in ClassIX).
Solution:
Let in the given figure PQ is a line segment drawn through mid-point P of line AB
such that PQ ∥ BC
Hence, AP = PB
Now, using basic proportionality theorem
AQ AP
=
QC PB
AQ AP
⇒ =
QC AP
AQ
⇒ =1
QC
⇒ AQ = QC
Hence, Q is the mid-point of AC.
8. Prove that the line joining the mid-points of any two sides of a triangle is parallel
to the third side. (Recall that you have done it in Class IX).
Solution:

Let in the given figure PQ is a line segment joining mid-points PandQ of line
ABand AC respectively.
Hence, AP = PBandAQ = QC
AP AP AQ AQ
Now, since PB = AP = 1and QC = AQ = 1
AP AQ
Hence, PB = QC
Now, using converse of basic proportionality theorem PQ ∥ BC
9. ABCD is a trapezium in whichAB ∥ DC and its diagonals intersect each other at the
point O. Show that
AO CO
=
BO DO
Solution:
Let a line segment EF is drawn through point O such that EF ∥ CD

In ∆ADC
EO ∥ CD
Hence, using basic proportionality theorem
AE AO
= … (1)
ED OC
Similarly in ∆BDC

FO ∥ CD
Hence, using basic proportionality theorem
BF BO
= … (2)
FC OD
Now consider trapezium ABCD
As FE ∥ CD
AE BF
So, ED = FC … (3)
Now from equation (1), (2), (3)

AO BO
=
OC OD
AO OC
⇒ =
BO OD
10. The diagonals of a quadrilateralABCD intersect each other at the pointO such that
AO CO
BO
= DO
. Show that ABCD is a trapezium.
Solution:
Draw a line segment OE ∥ AB

In ∆ABC
Since OE ∥ AB
AO BE
Hence,OC = EC
But by the given relation, we have:

AO CO
=
BO DO
AO OB
⇒ =
OC OD

OB BE
Hence, OD = EC
So, using converse of basic proportionality theorem, EO ∥ DC

Therefore AB ∥ OE ∥ DC
⇒ AB ∥ CD
Therefore, ABCD is a trapezium.
EXERCISE 6.3
1. State which pairs of triangles in Fig. are similar. Write the similarity criterion
used by you for answering the question and also write the pairs of similar
triangles in the symbolic form:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

(v)
(vi)
Solution:
(i) ∠A = ∠P = 60°
∠B = ∠Q = 80°
∠C = ∠R = 40°
Hence by AAA rule ∆ABC~∆PQR
AB 2 1
(ii) QR
=4=2
BC 2.5 1
= =
RP 5 2
CA 3 1
= =
PQ 6 2
AB BC CA
Since, QR = RP = PQ
Hence, by SSS rule

∆ABC~∆QRP
(iii) Triangles are not similar as the corresponding sides are not proportional.
MN 2.5 1
(iv) PQ
= 5
=2
ML 5 1
= =
QR 10 2
∠M = ∠Q = 70o
Hence, by SAS rule
∆MNL~∆PQR

(v) Triangles are not similar as the corresponding sides are not proportional.
(vi) In ∆DEF
∠D + ∠E + ∠F = 180o (Sum of angles of a triangle is 180o )
⇒ 70o + 80o + ∠F = 180o
⇒ ∠F = 30o
Similarly in ∆PQR
∠P + ∠Q + ∠R = 180o (Sum of angles of a triangle is 180o )
⇒ ∠P + 80o + 30o = 180o
⇒ ∠P = 70o
Now, since
∠D = ∠P = 70o
∠E = ∠Q = 80o
∠F = ∠R = 30o
Hence, by AAA rule
∆DEF~∆PQR
2. In Figure, ∆ODC~∆OBA, ∠BOC = 125o and ∠CDO = 70o . Find ∠DOC, ∠DCO
and∠OAB.
Solution:
Since DOB is a straight line
Hence, ∠DOC + ∠COB = 180o
⇒ ∠DOC = 180o − 125o = 55o
In∆DOC,
∠DCO + ∠CDO + ∠DOC = 180o
⇒ ∠DCO + 70o + 55o = 180o
⇒ ∠DCO = 55o

Since, ∆ODC~∆OBA,
Hence, ∠OCD = ∠OAB [Corresponding angles equal in similar triangles]
Hence, ∠OAB = 55o
3. DiagonalsAC andBD of a trapeziumABCD withAB ∥ DC intersect each other at the

OA OB
pointO. Using a similarity criterion for two triangles, show that OC = OD
Solution:
In ∆DOCand∆BOA
AB||CD
Hence,∠CDO = ∠ABO[Atlernate interior angles]
∠DCO = ∠BAO[Atlernate interior angles]
∠DOC = ∠BOA [Vertically opposite angles]
Hence,∆DOC~∆BOA [AAArule]
DO OC
⇒ BO = OA [Corresponding sides are proportional]
OA OB
⇒ =
OC OD
QR QT
4. In Figure, QS = PR and∠1 = ∠2. Show that ∆PQS~∆TQR.

Solution:
In ∆PQR
∠PQR = ∠PRQ
Hence, PQ = PR … (i)
Given
QR QT
=
QS PR
Using (i)
QR QT
= … (ii)
QS PQ
Also, ∠RQT = ∠PQS = ∠1
Hence, by SAS rule
∆PQS~∆TQR
5. S andT are points on sidesPR andQR of ∆PQRsuch that∠P = ∠RTS. Show that
∆RPQ~∆RTS.
Solution:

In ∆RPQand∆RTS
∠QPR = ∠RTS [Given]
∠R = ∠R [Common angle]
∠RQP = ∠RST [Remaining angle]
Hence, ∆RPQ~∆RTS [byAAA rule]
6. In Fig., if∆ABE ≅ ∆ACD, show that∆ADE~∆ABC.
Solution:
Since ∆ABE ≅ ∆ACD
Therefore AB = AC … (1)
AE = AD
⇒ AD = AE … (2)
Now, in ∆ADE and ∆ABC,
Dividing equation (2)by (1)
AD AE
=
AB AC
∠A = ∠A [Common angle]
Hence,∆ADE~∆ABC [by SAS rule]
7. In Fig., altitudesAD andCEof∆ABC intersect each other at the pointP. Show that:
(i) ∆AEP~∆CDP
(ii) ∆ABD~∆CBE
(iii) ∆AEP~∆ADB
(iii) ∆PDC~∆BEC

Solution:
(i)
In ∆AEP and ∆CDP
∠CDP = ∠AEP = 90o
∠CPD = ∠APE(Vertically opposite angles)
∠PCD = ∠PAE(Remaining angle)
Hence, by AAArule,
∆AEP~∆CDP
(ii)
In ∆ABDand∆CBE
∠ADB = ∠CEB = 90o
∠ABD = ∠CBE (Common angle)
∠DAB = ∠ECB(Remaining angle)
Hence, by AAArule,
∆ABD~∆CBE

(iii)
In ∆AEPand∆ADB
∠AEP = ∠ADB = 90o
∠PAE = ∠DAB (Common angle)
∠APE = ∠ABD (Remaining angle)
Hence, by AAA rule,
∆AEP~∆ADB
(iv)
In ∆PDCand∆BEC
∠PDC = ∠BEC = 90o
∠PCD = ∠BCE (Common angle)
∠CPD = ∠CBE (Remaining angle)
Hence, by AAArule,
∆PDC~∆BEC
8. Eis a point on the sideAD produced of a parallelogram ABCD andBE intersectsCD
atF. Show that ∆ABE~∆CFB.
Solution:

∆ABEand∆CFB
∠A = ∠C (Opposite angles of parallelogram)
∠AEB = ∠CBF (Alternate interior angles as AE ∥ BC)
∠ABE = ∠CFB (Alternate interior angles as AB ∥ DC)
Hence, by AAArule,
∆ABE~∆CFB
9. In Figure,ABC andAMP are two right triangles, right angled atB andMrespectively.
Prove that:
(i) ∆ABC~∆AMP
CA BC
(ii) PA
= MP
Solution:
(i) In ∆ABCand∆AMP
∠ABC = ∠AMP = 90o

∠A = ∠A(Common angle)
∠ACB = ∠APM(Remaining angle)
Hence, by AAArule,
∆ABC~∆AMP
(ii) Since, ∆ABC~∆AMP
CA BC
Hence, PA = MP (Corresponding sides are proportional)
10. CD andGH are respectively the bisectors of∠ACB and∠EGF such thatD andH lie
on sidesAB andFE of∆ABC and∆EFG respectively. If∆ABC~∆FEG, show that:
CD AC
(i) GH
= FG
(ii) ∆DCB~∆HGE
(iii) ∆DCA~∆HGF
Solution:
Since ∆ABC~∆FEG
Hence, ∠A = ∠F
∠B = ∠E
∠ACB = ∠FGE
∠ACB ∠FGE
⇒ =
2 2
⇒ ∠ACD = ∠FGH(Angle bisector)
And ∠DCB = ∠HGE (Angle bisector)
In∆ACDand∆FGH
∠A = ∠F
∠ACD = ∠FGH (Angle bisector)

∠ADC = ∠FHG (Remaining angle)

Hence, by AAA rule,
∆ACD~∆FGH
CD AC
So, GH = FG (Corresponding sides are proportional)
In∆DCBand∆HGE
∠B = ∠E
∠DCB = ∠HGE (Angle bisector)
∠BDC = ∠EHG (Remaining angle)
Hence, by AAA rule,
∆DCB~∆HGE
11. In Fig.,E is a point on sideCB produced of an isosceles triangleABC with AB =
AC. IfAD ⊥ BC andEF ⊥ AC, prove that∆ABD~∆ECF.
Solution:
In∆ABD and∆ECF,
Since, AB = AC (isosceles triangles)
So, ∠ABD = ∠ECF
∠ADB = ∠EFC = 90o
∠BAD = ∠CEF (Remaining angle)
Hence, by AAA rule,
∆ABD~∆ECF
12. SidesAB andBC and medianAD of a triangleABC are respectively proportional to
sidesPQ andQR and medianPM of ∆PQR(see Fig.). Show that ∆ABC~∆PQR.

Solution:
Median divides opposite side.
BC QR
So, BD = 2
andQM = 2
Given that
AB BC AD
= =
PQ QR PM
AB BD AD
So, PQ = QM = PM
Hence, by SSSrule
∆ABD~∆PQM
Hence, ∠ABD = ∠PQM (Corresponding angles of similar triangles)
Hence, ∠ABC = ∠PQR
AB BC
And PQ = QR
Hence, by SASrule
∆ABC~∆PQR
13. Dis a point on the sideBC of a triangleABC such that∠ADC = ∠BAC. Show that
CA2 = CB. CD.
Solution:
In ∆ACDand∆BAC
Given that ∠ADC = ∠BAC

∠ACD = ∠BCA (Common angle)

∠CAD = ∠CBA (Remaining angle)
Hence, by AAA rule,
∆ADC~∆BAC
So, corresponding sides of similar triangles will be proportional to each other
CA CD
=
CB CA
Hence CA2 = CB × CD
14. SidesAB andAC and medianAD of a triangleABC are respectively proportional to
sides PQand PR and medianPM of another trianglePQR. Show that∆ABC~∆PQR.
Solution:
Given that
AB AC AD
= =
PQ PR PM
Let us extend ADandPM up to point EandL respectively such that AD = DE and

PM = ML. Now join Bto E, CtoE,QtoLandRto L.
We know that medians divide opposite sides.

So, BD = DCand QM = MR
Also, AD = DE (by construction)
And PM = ML(By construction)
So, in quadrilateral ABEC, diagonals AEandBC bisects each other at point D.
Also,in quadrilateral PQLR, diagonals PLandQR bisects each other at point M.
So, quadrilaterals ABCD and PQLR are a parallelogram.
AC = BE and AB = EC (Since it is a parallelogram, opposite sides will be
equal)
Also PR = QL and PQ = LR (Since it is a parallelogram, opposite sides will be
equal)
In ∆ABEand∆PQL,
AB BE AE AC BE AD 2AD AE
PQ
= QL = PL
�PR = QL 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 PM = 2PM = PL
�
Hence, by SSS rule,

∆ABE~∆PQL
Similarly, ∆AEC~∆PLR
Hence, ∠BAE = ∠QPL and ∠EAC = ∠LPR
Hence, ∠BAC = ∠QPR
Now, in ∆ABCand∆PQR,
AB AC
PQ
= PR and ∠BAC = ∠QPR
Hence, by SAS rule,

∆ABC~∆PQR
15. A vertical pole of length6m casts a shadow4m long on the ground and at the
same time a tower casts a shadow28m long. Find the height of the tower.
Solution:

Let AB be a tower and CD be a pole

Shadow of ABisBE
Shadow of CDisDF
The sun ray will fall on tower and pole at same angle.
So, ∠DCF = ∠BAE and ∠DFC = ∠BEA
∠CDF = ∠ABE = 90o (Tower and pole are vertical to ground)
Hence, by AAA rule,
∆ABE~∆CDF
AB BE
Therefore CD = DF
AB 28
⇒ =
6 4
⇒ AB = 42
Hence, height of tower = 42meters
16. IfAD andPM are medians of trianglesABC andPQR, respectively
AB AD
where∆ABC~∆PQR, prove that PQ = PM
Solution:

Since ∆ABC~∆PQR
So, their respective sides will be in proportion
AB AC BC
Or, PQ = PR = QR … (1)
Also, ∠A = ∠P, ∠B = ∠Q, ∠C = ∠R … (2)

Since, ADandPM are medians. So, they will divide their opposite sides equally.
BC QR
Hence, BD = 2
and QM = 2
… (3)
From equation (1)and(3)

AB BD
=
PQ QM
∠B = ∠Q (From equation2)
Hence, by SASrule
∆ABD~∆PQM
AB AD
Hence, PQ = PM (Corresponding sides are proportional)
EXERCISE 6.4
1. Let ∆ABC~∆DEF and their areas be, respectively,64cm2 and121cm2 . IfEF =
15.4cm, findBC.
Solution:
Since, ∆ABC~∆DEF
area(∆ABC) AB 2 BC 2 AC 2
Hence, area(∆DEF) = �DE� = �EF� = �DF�
Since EF = 15.4,area(∆ABC) = 64; area(∆DEF) = 121

64 BC2
Hence, 121 = 15.42

BC 8
⇒ =
15.4 11
8×15.4
⇒ BC = 11
= 8 × 1.4 = 11.2cm.
2. Diagonals of a trapeziumABCD withAB ∥ DC intersect each other at the pointO.

IfAB = 2CD, find the ratio of the areas of trianglesAOB andCOD.
Solution:
Since AB ∥ CD
∠OAB = ∠OCD (Alternate interior angles)
∠OBA = ∠ODC (Alternate interior angles)
∠AOB = ∠COD (Vertically opposite angles)
Hence, by AAA rule,
∆AOB~∆COD
area(∆AOB) AB 2
Hence, area(∆COD) = �CD�
Since AB = 2CD
area(∆AOB) 4
= = 4: 1
area(∆COD) 1
3. In Figure,ABC andDBC are two triangles on the same baseBC. IfAD intersectsBC
atO, show that
ar(ABC) AO
= DO.
ar(DBC)
Solution:

1
We know that area of a triangle = 2 × Base × height
Since ∆ABCand∆DBC are on same base,

Hence, ratio of their areas will be same as ratio of their heights.
Let us draw two perpendiculars APandDM on BC.
In ∆APO and ∆DMO
∠APO = ∠DMO = 90o
∠AOP = ∠DOM (Vertically opposite angles)
∠OAP = ∠ODM (Remaining angle)

Hence, by AAArule
∆APO ~ ∆DMO
AP AO
Hence, DM = DO
area(∆ABC) AP AO
Hence, area(∆DBC) = DM = DO
4. If the areas of two similar triangles are equal, prove that they are congruent.
Solution:
Let us assume that ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR
area(∆ABC) AB 2 BC 2 AC 2
Now, area(∆PQR) = �PQ� = �QR� = �PR�
Since area(∆ABC) =area(∆PQR)

Hence, AB = PQ
BC = QR
AC = PR
Since, corresponding sides of two similar triangles are of same length
Hence, ∆ABC ≅ ∆PQR (by SSSrule)

5. D, E andF are respectively the mid-points of sidesAB, BC andCA of∆ABC. Find the
ratio of the areas of∆DEF and∆ABC.
Solution:
Since D and E are mid-points of AB and BC of ∆ABC

1
Hence, DE ∥ AC andDE = 2 AC (by mid-point theorem)
1 1
Similarly, EF = 2 AB and DF = 2 BC
Now in ∆ABC and ∆EFD

AB BC CA
= = =2
EF FD DE
Hence, by SSSrule
∆ABC~∆EFD
area(∆ABC) AC 2
Hence, area(∆DEF) = �DE� = 4
area(∆DEF) 1
⇒ = = 1: 4
area(∆ABC) 4
6. Prove that the ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the square of
the ratio of their corresponding medians.
Solution:

Let us assume that ∆ABC~∆PQR. Let ADand PSbe the medians of these triangles.
AB BC AC
So, PQ = QR = PR … (1)
∠A = ∠P, ∠B = ∠Q, ∠C = ∠R
Since, AD and PS are medians
BC QR
So, BD = DC = 2
and QS = SR = 2
So, equation (1) becomes

AB BD AC
= =
PQ QS PR
Now in ∆ABDand ∆PQS
AB BD
∠B = ∠Q and, PQ = QS
Hence, ∆ABD~∆PQS
AB BD AD
Hence, PQ = QS
= PS
… (2)
area(∆ABC) AB 2
Since, area(∆PQR) = �PQ�
area(∆ABC) AD 2
⇒ = � PS � [from equation (2)]
area(∆PQR)
7. Prove that the area of an equilateral triangle described on one side of a square is
equal to half the area of the equilateral triangle described on one of its diagonals.
Solution:
Let ABCD be a square of side 𝑎𝑎. Therefore it's diagonal = √2𝑎𝑎

Let ∆ABEand∆DBF are two equilateral triangles.
Hence, AB = AE = BE = 𝑎𝑎 and DB = DF = BF = √2𝑎𝑎
We know that all angles of equilateral triangles are 60o .

Hence, all equilateral triangles are similar to each other.

Hence, ratio of areas of these triangles will be equal to the square of the ratio
between sides of these triangles.
areaof∆ABE 𝑎𝑎 2 1
=� � =
areaof∆DBF √2𝑎𝑎 2
1
Hence, areaof∆ABE = 2 (areaof∆DBF)
8. ABC andBDE are two equilateral triangles such thatD is the mid-point ofBC. Ratio
of the areas of trianglesABC andBDE is
(A) 2: 1
(B) 1: 2
(C) 4: 1
(D) 1: 4
Solution: (C)
Since all angle of equilateral triangles are 60o . Hence, all equilateral triangles are
similar to each other. So ratio between areas of these triangles will be equal to the
square of the ratio between sides of these triangles.
Let side of ∆ABC = 𝑎𝑎
𝑎𝑎
Hence, side of ∆BDE = 2
2
area(∆ABC) 𝑎𝑎 4
Hence, = � 𝑎𝑎 � = 1 = 4: 1
area(∆BDE)
2
9. Sides of two similar triangles are in the ratio4: 9. Areas of these triangles are in
the ratio
(A) 2: 3
(B) 4: 9
(C) 81: 16

(D) 16: 81
Solution: (D)
If, two triangles are similar to each other, ratio between areas of these triangles
will be equal to the square of the ratio between sides of these triangles.
Given that sides are in the ratio4: 9.
4 2 16
Hence, ratio between areas of these triangles = �9� = 81 = 16: 81
EXERCISE 6.5
1. Sides of triangles are given below. Determine which of them are right triangles. In
case of a right triangle, write the length of its hypotenuse.
(i) 7cm, 24cm, 25cm
(ii) 3cm, 8cm, 6cm
(iii) 50cm, 80cm, 100cm
(iv) 13cm, 12cm, 5cm
Solution:
(i) Given that sides are 7cm, 24cm and 25cm.
Squaring the lengths of these sides we get 49,576 and 625.
Clearly, 49 + 576 = 625or 72 + 242 = 252 .
Since, given triangle satisfies Pythagoras theorem. So, it is a right triangle.
As we know that the longest side in a right triangle is the hypotenuse.
Hence, length of hypotenuse = 25cm.
(ii) Given that sides are 3cm, 8cm and 6cm.
Squaring the lengths of these sides we may get 9,64 and 36.
Clearly, sum of squares of lengths of two sides is not equal to square of
length of third side. Hence, given triangle is not satisfying Pythagoras
theorem. So, it is not a right triangle
(iii) Given that sides are 50cm, 80cmand 100cm.
Squaring the lengths of these sides we may get 2500,6400and 10000.
Clearly, sum of squares of lengths of two sides is not equal to square of
length of third side. Therefore, given triangle is not satisfying Pythagoras
theorem. So, it is not a right triangle.
(iv) Given that sides are 13cm, 12cm and 5cm.
Squaring the lengths of these sides we may get 169,144 and 25.

Clearly, 144 + 25 = 169 or 122 + 52 = 132 .

Since, given triangle is satisfying Pythagoras theorem. So, it is a right
triangle. As we know that the longest side in a right triangle is the
hypotenuse.
Hence, length of hypotenuse = 13cm.
2. PQR is a triangle right angled atP andM is apoint onQR such thatPM ⊥ QR. Show
that PM 2 = QM ∙ MR.
Solution:
Let ∠MPR = 𝑥𝑥
In ∆MPR
∠MRP = 180o − 90o − 𝑥𝑥
⇒ ∠MRP = 90o − 𝑥𝑥
Similarly in ∆MPQ
∠MPQ = 90o − ∠MPR = 90o − 𝑥𝑥
∠MQP = 180o − 90o − (90o − 𝑥𝑥)
⇒ ∠MQP = 𝑥𝑥
Now in ∆MPQ and ∆MRP, we may observe that
∠MPQ = ∠MRP
∠PMQ = ∠RMP
∠MQP = ∠MPR
Hence, by AAA rule,
∆MPQ~∆MRP
QM MP
Hence, PM = MR
⇒ PM 2 = QM ∙ MR
3. In Fig., ABD is a triangle right angled atA andAC ⊥ BD. Show that

(i) AB2 = BC ∙ BD
(ii) AC2 = BC ∙ DC
(iii) AD2 = BD ∙ CD
Solution:
(i) In ∆ABCand ∆ABD
∠CBA = ∠DBA (common angles)
∠BCA = ∠BAD = 90°
∠BAC = ∠BDA (remaining angle)
Therefore, ∆ABC~∆ABD (by AAA)
AB BC
∴ BD = AB
⇒ AB2 = BC ∙ BD
(ii) Let ∠CAB = 𝑥𝑥
In ∆CBA
∠CBA = 180o − 90o − 𝑥𝑥
∠CBA = 90o − 𝑥𝑥
Similarly in ∆CAD
∠CAD = 90o − ∠CAB = 90o − 𝑥𝑥
∠CDA = 180o − 90o − (90o − 𝑥𝑥)
∠CDA = 𝑥𝑥
Now in ∆CBAand ∆CAD,we may observe that
∠CBA = ∠CAD
∠CAB = ∠CDA
∠ACB = ∠DCA = 90o
Therefore ∆CBA~∆CAD(by AAA rule)
AC BC
Therefore, DC = AC

⇒ AC2 = DC × BC
(iii) In∆DCA&∆DAB
∠DCA = ∠DAB = 90°
∠CDA = ∠ADB (Common angle)
∠DAC = ∠DBA(remaining angle)
∆DCA~∆DAB (byAAAproperty)
DC DA
Therefore, DA = DB
⇒ AD2 = BD × CD
4. ABC is an isosceles triangle right angled atC. Prove that AB2 = 2AC2 .
Solution:
Given that ∆ABC is an isosceles triangle.

Therefore, AC = CB
Applying Pythagoras theorem in ∆ABC (i.e. right angled at point C)
AC2 + CB2 = AB2
2AC2 = AB2 (as AC = CB)
5. ABC is an isosceles triangle withAC = BC. IfAB2 = 2AC2 , prove thatABC is a
right triangle.
Solution:
Given that
AB2 = 2AC2

⇒ AB2 = AC2 + AC2

⇒ AB2 = AC2 + BC2 (as AC = BC)
Since triangle is satisfying the Pythagoras theorem
Therefore, given triangle is a right angled triangle.
6. ABC is an equilateral triangle of side2𝑎𝑎. Find each of its altitudes.
Solution:
Let AD be the altitude in given equilateral ∆ABC.

We know that altitude bisects the opposite side.
So, BD = DC = a
in ∆ADB
∠ADB = 90o
Now applying Pythagoras theorem
AD2 + BD2 = AB2
⇒ AD2 + a2 = (2a)2
⇒ AD2 + a2 = 4a2
⇒ AD2 = 3a2
⇒ AD = a√3
Since in an equilateral triangle, all the altitudes are equal in length.
So, length of each altitude will be √3a
7. Prove that the sum of the squares of the sides of a rhombus is equal to the sum of
the squares of its diagonals.
Solution:

In ∆AOB, ∆BOC, ∆COD, ∆AOD

Applying Pythagoras theorem
AB2 = AO2 + OB2
BC2 = BO2 + OC2
CD2 = CO2 + OD2
AD2 = AO2 + OD2
Adding all these equations,
AB2 + BC2 + CD2 + AD2 = 2(AO2 + OB2 + OC2 + OD2 )
AC 2 BD 2 AC 2 BD 2
= 2 �� 2 � + � 2 � + � 2 � + � 2 � � (diagonals bisect each other.)
(AC)2 (BD)2
= 2� + �
2 2
= (AC)2 + (BD)2
8. In Fig.,O is a point in the interior of a triangleABC, OD ⊥ BC, OE ⊥ AC and OF ⊥
AB. Show that
(i) OA2 + OB2 + OC2 − OD2 − OE 2 − OF 2 = AF 2 + BD2 + CE 2 ,
(ii) AF 2 + BD2 + CE 2 = AE 2 + CD2 + BF 2 .
Solution:
(i) In ∆AOF
Applying Pythagoras theorem
OA2 = OF 2 + AF 2
Similarly in ∆BOD
OB2 = OD2 + BD2
similarly in ∆COE
OC2 = OE 2 + EC2

Adding these equations

OA2 + OB2 + OC2 = OF 2 + AF 2 + OD2 + BD2 + OE 2 + EC2
⇒ OA2 + OB2 + OC2 − OD2 − OE 2 − OF 2 = AF 2 + BD2 + EC2
(ii) As from above result
AF 2 + BD2 + EC2 = (OA2 − OE 2 ) + (OC2 − OD2 ) + (OB2 − OF 2 )
Therefore, AF 2 + BD2 + EC2 = AE 2 + CD2 + BF 2
9. A ladder10m long reaches a window8m above the ground. Find the distance of
the foot of the ladder from base of the wall.
Solution:
Let OAbe the wall and ABbe the ladder

Therefore by Pythagoras theorem,
AB2 = OA2 + BO2
⇒ 102 = 82 + OB2
⇒ 100 = 64 + OB2
⇒ OB2 = 36
⇒ OB = 6
Therefore, distance of foot of ladder from of the wall = 6m
10. A guy wire attached to a vertical pole of height18m is24m long and has a stake
attached to the other end. How far from the base of the pole should the stake be
driven so that the wire will be taut?
Solution:

Let OB be the pole and AB be the wire.

Therefore, by Pythagoras theorem,
AB2 = OB2 + OA2
⇒ 242 = 182 + OA2
⇒ OA2 = 576 − 324
⇒ 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = √252 = √6 × 6 × 7 = 6√7

Therefore distance from base = 6√7m
11. An aeroplane leaves an airport and flies due north at a speed of 1000km per hour.
At the same time, another aeroplane leaves the same airport and flies due west at a
1
speed of1200 km per hour. How far apart will be the two planes after1 2 hours?
Solution:
1
Distance traveled by the plane flying towards north in 1 2 hrs
1
= 1,000 × 1 = 1,500km
2
1
Distance traveled by the plane flying towards west in 1 2 hrs
1
= 1,200 × 1 = 1,800km
2
Let these distances are represented by OA and OB respectively.
Now applying Pythagoras theorem
1
Distance between these planes after 1 2 hrs, AB = √OA2 + OB2
= �(1,500)2 + (1,800)2 = √2250000 + 3240000
= √5490000 = √9 × 610000 = 300√61

1
So, distance between these planes will be 300√61km. after 1 2 hrs.

12. Two poles of heights6m and11m stand on a plane ground. If the distance between
the feet of the poles is12m, find the distance between their tops.
Solution:
Let CD and AB be the poles of height 11𝑚𝑚and 6m.

Therefore, CP = 11 − 6 = 5m
From the figure we may observe that AP = 12m
In ∆APC, by applying Pythagoras theorem
AP 2 + PC2 = AC2
⇒ 122 + 52 = AC2
⇒ AC2 = 144 + 25 = 169
⇒ AC = 13
Therefore, distance between their tops = 13m.
13. D andE are points on the sidesCA andCB respectively of a triangleABC right
angled atC. Prove thatAE 2 + BD2 = AB2 + DE 2 .
Solution:
In∆ACE,
AC2 + CE 2 = AE 2 … (i)
In ∆BCD,
BC2 + CD2 = BD2 … (ii)
Adding (i) and (ii)
AC2 + CE 2 + BC2 + CD2 = AE 2 + BD2 … (iii)

⇒ CD2 + CE 2 + AC2 + BC2 = AE 2 + BD2

In ∆CDE
DE 2 = CD2 + CE 2
In ∆ABC
AB2 = AC2 + CB2
Putting the values in equation (iii)
DE 2 + AB2 = AE 2 + BD2
14. The perpendicular fromA on side BCof a∆ABC intersectsBC atD such thatDB =
3CD(see Fig.). Prove that 2AB2 = 2AC2 + BC2 .
Solution:
Given that 3DC = DB
BC
DC = [DB: DC = 3: 1] … (1)
4
and
3BC
DB = … (2)
4
In ∆ACD
AC2 = AD2 + DC2
AD2 = AC2 − DC2 … (3)
In ∆ABD
AB2 = AD2 + DB2
AD2 = AB2 − DB2 … (4)
From equation (3) and (4)
AC2 − DC2 = AB2 − DB2
Since, given that 3DC = DB

BC 2 3BC 2
AC2 − � 4 � = AB2 − � 4
� (from(1)and (2))
2
BC2 2
9BC2
⇒ AC − = AB −
16 16
⇒ 16AC2 − BC2 = 16AB2 − 9BC2
⇒ 16AB2 − 16AC2 = 8BC2
⇒ 2AB2 = 2AC2 + BC2
1
15. In an equilateral triangleABC, Dis a point on sideBC such thatBD = 3 BC. Prove
that 9AD2 = 7AB2 .
Solution:
Let side of equilateral triangle be a, and AEbe the altitude of∆ABC

BC a
So, BE = EC = 2
=2
a√3
And, AE = 2
1 a
Given that BD = 3 BC = 3
a a a
So, DE = BE − BD = 2 − 3 = 6
Now, in ∆ADEby applying Pythagoras theorem

AD2 = AE 2 + DE 2
2
a√3 a 2
⇒ AD2 = � � +� �
2 6
3a2 a2 28a2
=� � + �36� =
4 36
or, 9AD2 = 7AB2

16. In an equilateral triangle, prove that three times the square of one side is equal to
four times the square of one of its altitudes.
Solution:

Let side of equilateral triangle be 𝑎𝑎. And AE be the altitude of ∆ABC

BC 𝑎𝑎
So, BE = EC = 2
= 2
𝑎𝑎√3
And, AE = 2
Now in ∆ABEby applying Pythagoras theorem

AB2 = AE 2 + BE 2
𝑎𝑎 2
⇒ 𝑎𝑎2 = AE 2 + � �
2
𝑎𝑎2
⇒ AE 2 = 𝑎𝑎2 −
4
3𝑎𝑎2
⇒ AE 2 =
4
⇒ 4AE 2 = 3𝑎𝑎2
or, 4AE 2 = 3 × square of one side
17. Tick the correct answer and justify: In∆ABC, AB = 6√3cm, AC = 12cm andBC =
6cm. The angleB is:
(A) 120o
(B) 60o
(C) 90o
(D) 45o
Solution: (C)

Given that AB = 6√3cm, AC = 12cm and BC = 6cm

We may observe that
AB2 = 108AC2 = 144
And BC2 = 36
AB2 + BC2 = AC2
Thus the given ∆ABC is satisfying Pythagoras theorem Therefore triangle is a
right angled triangle right angled at B
Therefore, ∠B = 90o .
EXERCISE 6.6 (Optional)*
1. In Fig.,PS is the bisector of∠QPR of ∆PQR. Prove that
QS PQ
=
SR PR
Solution:
Let us draw a line segment RT parallel to SP which intersects extended line

segment QP at point T.
Given that PS is angle bisector of ∠QPR
∠QPS = ∠SPR (1)
∠SPR = ∠PRT (As PS || TR, alternate interior angles) (2)
∠QPS = ∠QTR (As PS || TR, corresponding angles) (3)

Using these equations we may find

∠PRT = ∠QTR from (2) and (3)
So, PT = PR (Since ΔPTR is isosceles triangle)
Now in ΔQPS andΔQTR
∠QSP = ∠QRT (As PS || TR)
∠QPS = ∠QTR (As PS || TR)
∠Q is common
ΔQPS~ΔQTR (by AAA property)
QR QT
So, QS = QP
QR QT
⇒ QS − 1 = QP − 1
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 PT
⇒ =
𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 QP
QS QP
⇒ =
SR PT
QS PQ
⇒ =
SR PR
2. In Fig.,D is a point on hypotenuseAC of ∆ABC, such thatBD ⊥ AC, DM ⊥ BC and

DN ⊥ AB. Prove that:
(i) DM 2 = DN ∙ MC
(ii) DN2 = DM ∙ AN
Solution:
(i) Let us join DB.

DN||CB
DM||AB
So, DN = MB
DM = NB
Then ∠CDB = ∠ADB = 90°
∠2 + ∠3 = 90o … (1)
In ΔCDM
∠1 + ∠2 + ∠DMC = 180°
∠1 + ∠2 = 90° … (2)
In ΔDMB
∠3 + ∠DMB + ∠4 = 180°
∠3 + ∠4 = 90° … (3)
∠1 = ∠3
∠2 = ∠4
ΔBDM~ΔDCM
BM DM
=
DM MC
DN DM
⇒ =
DM MC
⇒ DM 2 = DN × MC
(ii) Similarly in ΔDBN

∠4 + ∠3 = 90o …(4)
In ∆DAN
∠5 + ∠6 = 90o …(5)
In ΔDAB
∠4 + ∠5 = 90o …(6)
∠3 = ∠5
∠4 = ∠6
ΔDNA~ΔBND
AN DN
=
DN NB
⇒ DN2 = AN × NB
⇒ DN2 = AN × DM
(as NB = DM)
3. In Fig., ABC is a triangle in which ∠ABC > 90o and AD ⊥ CB produced. Prove
that
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 + 2BC ∙ BD.
Solution:
In ΔADB, applying Pythagoras theorem
AB2 = AD2 + DB2 … (1)
In ΔACD, applying Pythagoras theorem
AC2 = AD2 + DC2
⇒ AC2 = AD2 + (DB + BC)2
⇒ AC2 = AD2 + DB2 + BC2 + 2DB × BC
Now using equation (1)

AC2 = AB2 + BC2 + 2BC. BD

4. In Fig., ABC is a triangle in which ∠ABC < 90o and AD ⊥ BC. Prove that AC2 =
AB2 + BC2 − 2BC. BD.
Solution:
In ΔADB, applying Pythagoras theorem
AD2 + DB2 = AB2
⇒ AD2 = AB2 − DB2 … (1)
In ΔADC applying Pythagoras theorem
D2 + DC2 = AC2 (2)
Now using equation (1)
AB2 − BD2 + DC2 = AC2
⇒ AB2 − BD2 + (BC − BD)2 = AC2
⇒ AC2 = AB2 − BD2 + BC2 + BD2 − 2BC. BD
= AB2 + BC2 − 2BC. BD
5. In Fig., ADis a median of a triangle ABC and AM ⊥ BC. Prove that:
BC 2
(i) AC2 = AD2 + BC ∙ DM + � 2 �
BC 2
(ii) AB2 = AD2 − BC ∙ DM + � 2 �
1
(iv) AC2 + AB2 = 2AD2 + 2 BC2
Solution:
(i) In ΔAMD

AM 2 + MD2 = AD2 … (1)

In ΔAMC
AM 2 + MC2 = AC2 … (2)
⇒ AM 2 + (MD + DC)2 = AC2
⇒ (AM 2 + MD2 ) + DC2 + 2MD. DC = AC2
Using equation (1) we may get
AD2 + DC2 + 2MD. DC = AC2
BC
Now using the result, DC = 2
BC 2 BC
AD + � � + 2MD. � � = AC2
2
2 2
BC 2
⇒ AD2 + � � + MD × BC = AC2
2
(ii) In ΔABM, applying Pythagoras theorem
AB2 = AM 2 + MB2
= (AD2 − DM 2 ) + MB2
= (AD2 − DM 2 ) + (BD − MD)2
= AD2 − DM 2 + BD2 + MD2 − 2BD. MD
= AD2 + BD2 − 2BD. MD
2
BC 2 BC
= AD + � � − 2 � � × MD
2 2
2
BC 2
= AD + � � − BC × MD
2
(iii) In ΔAMB
AM 2 + MB2 = AB2 … (1)
In ΔAMC
AM 2 + MC2 = AC2 … (2)
Adding equation (1) and (2)
2AM 2 + MB2 + MC2 = AB2 + AC2
⇒ 2AM 2 + (BD − DM)2 + (MD + DC)2 = AB2 + AC2

⇒ 2AM 2 + BD2 + DM 2 − 2BD. DM + MD2 + DC2 + 2MD. DC

= AB2 + AC2
⇒ 2AM 2 + 2MD2 + BD2 + DC2 + 2MD(−BD + DC) = AB2 + AC2
2 2)
BC 2 BC 2 BC BC
⇒ 2(AM + MD + � � + � � + 2MD �− + � = AB2 + AC2
2 2 2 2
BC2
2
⇒ 2AD + = AB2 + AC2
2
6. Prove that the sum of the squares of the diagonals of parallelogram is equal to the
sum of the squares of its sides.
Solution:
Let ABCD be a parallelogram

Let us draw perpendicular DE on extended side BA and AF on side DC.
In ΔDEA
DE 2 + EA2 = DA2 … (i)
In ΔDEB
DE 2 + EB2 = DB2
⇒ DE 2 + (EA + AB)2 = DB2
⇒ (DE 2 + EA2 ) + AB2 + 2EA. AB = DB2
⇒ DA2 + AB2 + 2EA. AB = DB2 … (ii)
In ΔADF
AD2 = AF 2 + FD2
In ΔAFC

AC2 = AF 2 + FC2
= AF 2 + (DC − FD)2
= AF 2 + DC2 + FD2 − 2DC ∙ FD
= (AF 2 + FD2 ) + DC2 − 2DC. FD
⇒ AC2 = AD2 + DC2 − 2DC ∙ FD … (iii)
Since ABCD is a parallelogram
AB = CD (iii)
And BC = AD (iv)
In ΔDEA and ΔADF
∠DEA = ∠AFD
∠EAD = ∠FDA(EA ∥ DF)
∠EDA = ∠FAD(AF ∥ ED)
AD is common in both triangles.
Since respective angles are same and respective sides are same
ΔDEA ≅ ΔAFD
SOEA = DF
Adding equation (ii) and (iii)
⇒ DA2 + AB2 + 2EA. AB + AD2 + DC2 − 2DC. FD = DB2 + AC2
⇒ DA2 + AB2 + AD2 + DC2 + 2EA. AB − 2DC. FD = DB2 + AC2
⇒ BC2 + AB2 + AD2 + DC2 + 2EA. AB − 2AB. EA = DB2 + AC2
⇒ AB2 + BC2 + CD2 + DA2 = AC2 + BD2
7. In Fig., two chordsAB andCD intersect each other at the point P. Prove that:
(i) ∆APC~∆DPB
(ii) AP ∙ PB = CP ∙ DP
Solution:

Let us join CB
(i) In ΔAPC and ΔDPB
∠APC = ∠DPB {Vertically opposite angles}
∠CAP = ∠BDP {Angles in same segment for chord CB}
ΔAPC~ΔDPB {ByAA similarly criterion}
(ii) We know that corresponding sides of similar triangles are proportional
AP PC CA
∴ = =
DP PB BD
AP PC
⇒ =
DP PB
∴ AP. PB = PC ∙ DP
8. In Fig., two chordsABandCD of a circle intersect each other at the pointP (when
produced) outside the circle. Prove that
(i) ∆PAC~∆PDB (ii) PA ∙ PB = PC ∙ PD
Solution:
(i) In ΔPAC and ΔPDB
∠P = ∠P(Common)
∠PAC = ∠PDB (Exterior angle of a cyclic quadrilateral is equal to
opposite interior angle)

∠PCA = ∠PBD (remaining angles)

ΔPAC ∼ ΔPDB (by AAA)
(ii) We know that corresponding sides of similar triangles are proportional.

PA AC PC
= =
PD DB PB
PA PC
⇒ =
PD PB
∴ PA. PB = PC. PD
BD AB
9. In Fig.,D is a point on sideBC of ∆ABC such that CD = AC. Prove thatAD is the
bisector of ∠BAC.
Solution:
In ΔDBA and ΔDCA
BD AB
CD
= AC
(Given)
AD = AD(Common)
So, ΔDBA ∼ ΔDCA(By SSS)
Now, corresponding angles of similar triangle will be equal.
∠BAD = ∠CAD
AD is angle bisector of ∠BAC
10. Nazima is fly fishing in a stream. The tip of her fishing rod is1.8m above the
surface of the water and the fly at the end of the string rests on the water3.6m
away and2.4mfrom a point directly under the tip of the rod. Assuming that her
string (from the tip of her rod to the fly) is taut, how much string does she have
out (see Fig.)? If she pulls in the string at the rate of5cm per second, what will be
the horizontal distance of the fly from her after12 seconds?

A
Solution:
Let AB be the height of tip of fishing rod from water surface. Let BC Be the
horizontal distance of fly from the tip of fishing rod.
Then, AC is the length of string.
AC Can be found by applying Pythagoras theorem in ΔABC
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
AC2 = (1.8)2 + (2.4)2
AC2 = 3.24 + 5.76
AC2 = 9.00
Thus, length of string out is3m.
Now, she pulls string at rate of 5cm per second.
So, String Pulled in 12Second = 12 × 5 = 60cm = 0.6m

Let after 12second, fly be at point D.

Length of string out after12second is AD
AD = AC − String pulled by Nazima in 12second
= 3.00 − 0.6
= 2.4
In ΔADB
AB2 + BD2 = AD2
⇒ (1.8)2 + BD2 = (2.4)2
⇒ BD2 = 5.76 − 3.24 = 2.52
⇒ BD = 1.587
Horizontal distance of fly = BD + 1.2
= 1.587 + 1.2
= 2.787
= 2.79m

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Class- X-CBSE-Mathematics Triangles

CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Mathematics Chapter 6

Two squares with sides 1cmand 2cm.

Practice more on Triangles Page - 1 www.embibe.com

(ii) Trapezium and Square

Triangle and Parallelogram

3. State whether the following quadrilaterals are similar or not:

Practice more on Triangles Page - 2 www.embibe.com

Practice more on Triangles Page - 3 www.embibe.com

Practice more on Triangles Page - 4 www.embibe.com

Given, PE = 3.9, EQ = 3, PF = 3.6, FR = 2.4

Hence, EF is not parallel to QR.

Hence,EF ∥ QR (using basic proportionality theorem)

Practice more on Triangles Page - 5 www.embibe.com

Hence, EF ∥ QR (using basic proportionality theorem)

Practice more on Triangles Page - 6 www.embibe.com

In the given figure

4. In Figure, DE ∥ AC andDF ∥ AE. Prove that

Practice more on Triangles Page - 7 www.embibe.com

From (i) and(ii)

Practice more on Triangles Page - 8 www.embibe.com

From (i)and (ii)

6. In Figure A, B andC are points onOP, OQ andOR respectively such thatAB ∥ PQ

Practice more on Triangles Page - 9 www.embibe.com

From (i)and (ii)

Practice more on Triangles Page - 10 www.embibe.com

Practice more on Triangles Page - 11 www.embibe.com

Now, using converse of basic proportionality theorem PQ ∥ BC

Let a line segment EF is drawn through point O such that EF ∥ CD

Practice more on Triangles Page - 12 www.embibe.com

Now from equation (1), (2), (3)

Draw a line segment OE ∥ AB

But by the given relation, we have:

Practice more on Triangles Page - 13 www.embibe.com

So, using converse of basic proportionality theorem, EO ∥ DC

Practice more on Triangles Page - 14 www.embibe.com

Hence, by SSS rule

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3. DiagonalsAC andBD of a trapeziumABCD withAB ∥ DC intersect each other at the

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∠ADC = ∠FHG (Remaining angle)

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∠ACD = ∠BCA (Common angle)

Let us extend ADandPM up to point EandL respectively such that AD = DE and

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Hence, by SSS rule,

Hence, by SAS rule,

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Let AB be a tower and CD be a pole

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Also, ∠A = ∠P, ∠B = ∠Q, ∠C = ∠R … (2)

From equation (1)and(3)

Since EF = 15.4,area(∆ABC) = 64; area(∆DEF) = 121

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2. Diagonals of a trapeziumABCD withAB ∥ DC intersect each other at the pointO.

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