ericsson.

com/
spectrum-sharing

Sharing for the

best performance
Stay ahead of the game with
Ericsson Spectrum Sharing
2 Ericsson  |  Sharing for the best performance

Introduction

5G promises an immersive extravaganza.

With 5G networks going live and consumers With Ericsson Spectrum Sharing
getting their hands on new 5G devices, (ESS), operators can run LTE and NR
user expectations are high. These users will simultaneously on the same carrier
not only expect excellent performance from frequencies and base station hardware.
their smartphones and other devices when Legacy LTE devices will experience a
in city centers; they will also expect improved traditional LTE cell while NR devices
performance levels in suburban areas, experience a 5G NR cell. The ESS solution
at venues and when on the move. assigns the time-frequency resources
Communications service providers need instantaneously at a millisecond level to the
to make the best use of their spectrum devices that need them – irrespective of
assets and utilize each band’s performance which radio technology they use.
characteristics to support their business
strategies, while maintaining coexistence
between all technologies deployed in
the network (illustrated in Figure 1).
The majority of new frequency bands
allocated to 5G are in mid- and high-bands.
To enable cost-efficient, wide-area
New Radio (NR) coverage and improve
mid- and high-band spectrum utilization,
it is necessary to also operate NR in lower
frequency bands. However, most operators
today have long term evolution (LTE)
technology in those lower bands. Entirely
re-farming carriers from LTE to NR is not
currently feasible due to the high penetration
of existing LTE devices and the high traffic
volume that they generate. 5G makes the previously impossible possible

Figure 1: Harvesting capacity in all bands 2G 3G 4G 5G

High-bands
(24GHz–40GHz)
New

Mid-bands
(3.5GHz–6GHz)
New

Mid-bands
(1GHz–2.6GHz)
Legacy

Low-bands
(Sub 1GHz)
New/legacy

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

3 Ericsson  |  Sharing for the best performance
The challenge
5G deployment steps can be streamlined with ESS.
New 5G spectrum is mainly found in
mid- and high-bands. In high-bands,
also known as millimeter-wave frequencies,
with extremely wide bands, operators will
achieve 5G’s ultra-high peak rates and low
latency. This will create new capacity and
throughput levels for mobile broadband,
especially as a way of offloading
congested 4G networks (and for new
special use cases). But there is also broad
interest in deploying 5G technology in new
mid-bands (3.5–6GHz), an optimal
compromise between coverage,
capacity and latency, as well as existing
mid-bands (1.8–2.6GHz), to achieve wide
5G coverage as rapidly as possible.
The spectrum available to 5G varies from
market to market, according to whether it is
already in use, as well as the timing of
auctions and licensing processes.
Initial 5G deployments will mostly be
non-standalone (NSA) with dual connectivity
between LTE on low-bands and NR on
mid-bands. Such solutions were available
early and enable operators to reuse their
Figure 2: The 5G evolution path with ESS
Baseline
High-bands
Mid-bands (new)
Mid-bands (existing)
Low-bands
existing 4G Evolved Packet Core (EPC) Existing 4G spectrum will smoothly migrate
networks through a software update for to 5G over time, minimizing the impact on
NSA support. In the second step, 5G-wide 4G as 5G is introduced in the same band.
coverage is reached using a lower band, Functions for smooth spectrum migration
as it is more cost-efficient (requiring fewer and combinations (bands and
sites) and provides blanket 5G coverage technologies) will be crucial for the
needed for NR standalone (SA) operation. planned network evolution.
Many operators do not have free spectrum
available on those bands. ESS software
allows dynamic spectrum allocation to
4G and 5G on the same band, dependent
on demand. 5G NR carrier aggregation (CA)
is used to aggregate the low- and
mid-bands to improve mid-band coverage
and the overall cell performance. Here, we
also introduce SA with 5G Core as a new
architecture option.
To further increase capacity or support
lower latency cases, 5G is deployed on
high-bands at locations with these specific
requirements (stadiums and other hotspots).
Finally, when 5G becomes mainstream, the
ultimate goal is for all bands to carry 5G, and
we can aggregate them to reach maximum
performance and efficiency.
2G and 3G 4G 5G 4G and 5G Dual connectivity Carrier aggregation
Introduce 5G +5G coverage +Capacity Ultimate
Dual connectivity NR carrier aggregation Introduce high-bands NR as mainstream
Spectrum sharing
4 Ericsson  |  Sharing for the best performance
Service providers can explore ways of maximizing
the new 5G spectrum’s value.
Most operators have acquired new
mid-band (primarily ~3.5GHz) and
high-band (mmWave) spectrum for 5G NR
deployments. In an NSA deployment,
they are using EN-DC1 mode, where the
device camps on and connects via LTE and
the network configures it with additional
NR serving cells.
While many operators could acquire
a significant amount of such spectrum,
its propagation characteristics are inferior
to existing spectrum in low- and lower
mid-band, from which the uplink (UL)
limits coverage in particular. When using
the NR spectrum with existing LTE carriers
via EN-DC, the network can schedule UL
user data on LTE. This, in turn, extends
the region in which the NR spectrum can
be used efficiently for downlink (DL) data
transmissions by up to 9dB (see Figure 3).
Figure 3: Extending new spectrum coverage by NR CA with shared low-band spectrum
SA NR coverage baseline
(NR TDD PCell on mid-band)
1
EN-DC: EUTRA-NR dual connectivity, also known as non-standalone (NSA) or Option 3
However, with EN-DC, NR’s UL control
signaling (L1 HARQ feedback, L1 channel
state information, L2 RLC feedback) cannot
be mapped to the low-band LTE carrier.
An NR carrier in a low frequency band
would permit using DL CA with the NR
carriers in the higher mid-band. With CA,
the low-band NR carrier may carry the UL
control and data transmissions, thus
extending coverage, so the new mid-band
spectrum can be used for DL data
transmissions by up to another 3–7dB
(see Figure 3).
Most operators do not have spare
carriers in the low-bands to deploy an
NR carrier. Entirely re-farming existing
LTE carriers to NR is not feasible due
to legacy LTE terminals. An LTE carrier
(e.g. 20MHz) could be split into an LTE
and NR carrier (e.g. 10MHz each).
NR on mid-band TDD
UL data UL control
NSA NR dual connectivity Inter-band NR CA
up to 9dB up to 7dB
Obviously, there would be significant
capacity loss if the LTE and NR device
traffic load does not match the fixed
spectrum split, which is most often the case.
At (typical) lower system load, it would
also reduce the end-to-end throughput
since devices could, at most, utilize half
the previously available spectrum.
ESS overcomes static allocation problems
by giving the devices of both radio access
technologies (RAT) access to the entire
carrier bandwidth. This achieves superior
system capacity, irrespective of the
instantaneous NR/LTE traffic mix.
At low- and medium-system load it boosts
the per-device throughput significantly.
To quantify the net benefits of ESS over a
static allocation, system simulations were
performed for a frequency division duplex
(FDD) network with 2x20MHz spectrum at
800MHz, operating in a rural environment
with a 1.7km inter-site distance.
NR/LTE on FDD with ESS
5 Ericsson  |  Sharing for the best performance

Figure 4 shows the cumulative Figure 4: ESS end-to-end performance and system LTE only
distribution functions (CDF) of the capacity compared to static carrier allocation ESS 10% NR
end-to-end throughput observed by an Static spectrum allocation 10% NR
LTE and NR device at a total system load ESS 50% NR
of 6MBit/s, which can be considered Static spectrum allocation 50% NR
medium in this scenario.
The blue line is the baseline where only
100
LTE devices use the entire 20MHz carrier
as an LTE cell. When splitting the carrier
into two 10MHz carriers for LTE and NR
respectively, and assuming that initially
90 percent of the device population 80
still uses LTE, the green CDF shows a
significant drop in performance.
The 10MHz LTE carrier is basically
overloaded with the amount of traffic
60
previously served on 20MHz. Compared to
CDF (percent)

that, a 20MHz ESS carrier (orange)

performs almost as well as the original
20MHz LTE cell. One might have expected
a more significant loss in performance due 40
to the additional NR control signals.
However, that overhead is partly
compensated by the fact that the NR
devices use the carrier more efficiently
20
than LTE devices. For example, more
accurate CSI-RS feedback allows for more
accurate beam management and link
adaptation in NR. Furthermore, typical NR
devices are expected to support 256QAM, 0
whereas legacy LTE devices are assumed 0 20 40 60 80 100
to only offer 64QAM. User throughput (Mbps)

The poor performance of the static carrier share of NR devices and even exceeds the
allocation might be expected, considering baseline performance on the non-shared

Game-changing that 90 percent of the devices run LTE and

ESS outperforms a static spectrum
allocation at any system load.
experience a particularly high load on their
half of the spectrum. If the share of NR
devices changes over time from 10 percent
to 50 percent, the performance with static
spectrum allocation improves (gray), as the
share of LTE and NR devices fits better to the
ratio by which the spectrum is split. However,
since the latter is static whereas the
instantaneous traffic mix varies dynamically,
it still performs a lot worse than ESS (purple).
Furthermore, the per-device throughput
with ESS improves with an increasing
LTE carrier. This can also be explained by
the fact that NR devices use the carrier more
efficiently than traditional LTE devices.
As explained earlier, NR-NR CA (with UL
on the low-band) enables offloading of more
DL traffic to the new mid- and high-band
carriers (Figure 3), which further increases
overall system capacity and makes room
in the low-band carrier for those devices
outside the mid-band coverage. This gain
has not yet been modeled in the simulation
results presented here. If considered, it
would show even greater benefits for ESS.
6 Ericsson  |  Sharing for the best performance
Rapid introduction of NR standalone and
the 5G core network is possible.
When an NR cell is connected to the new
5G core network, devices may camp on and
connect directly to the NR cell and to the 5G
core network, rather than through LTE.
In other words, they may use NR-SA2 instead
of EN-DC to unlock the NR interfaces
and new 5G core network’s full potential,
including low control plane latency, the new
inactive mode and network slicing.
It is, of course, desirable to introduce this
functionality and the services that it enables
ubiquitously across the network and not
just in the (possibly limited) areas where
new spectrum is initially deployed. As most
operators do not have unused spectrum
in low frequency bands to deploy NR, ESS
enables rapid rollout of nationwide 5G NR
coverage. Even if an operator has spare
spectrum in low-bands to deploy NR widely,
it may be more commercially sound to
use ESS, thereby making it accessible to
legacy LTE devices.
Figure 5: Network architecture migration with ESS
EPC
Option 1
LTE LTE
2
NR SA: NR standalone, also known as Option 2
Offering the same coverage on 5G
(NR+5GC) and 4G (LTE+EPC) not only
allows new services to be introduced
seamlessly across the country. It also
minimizes the need to perform inter-core
network (CN) mobility, ensuring service
continuity without complex inter-RAT and
inter-CN mobility scenarios.
Moving from NSA to SA also allows a
transition from LTE-NR dual connectivity to
NR CA. With EN-DC (NSA) the device must
maintain separate ULs for NR and LTE control
signaling, and each UL must carry at least the
control signaling of that radio access.
NR SA with pure NR CA avoids UL power
sharing and power back-off, which limits the
coverage and UL throughput of EN-DC.
Furthermore, unlike DC, CA does not require
flow control between the PDCP and RLC
layers, helping to reduce end-to-end latency.
Therefore, ESS is a key enabler for the
transition from NSA to SA, and from 4G to 5G.
5G EPC + 5GC
5G EPC
Dual-mode core
Option 1 Option 3 Option 1 Option 3 Option 2
LTE LTE NR LTE LTE/NR NR
7 Ericsson  |  Sharing for the best performance
There is no compromise on
5G capacity and performance.
To ensure that NR devices camping on
5G attain at least the same performance
as LTE devices, they should have access to
a similar amount of bandwidth. In areas
where no or only a little new spectrum
has been deployed for NR, an operator
should consider deploying ESS on several
existing LTE carriers to enable NR CA
across all of them.
It is anticipated that ESS will impose a
static overhead compared to a clean LTE or
NR cell. As explained in previous sections,
this is easily compensated by the benefits
of the superior NR link performance in
terms of DL and UL coverage and capacity
that facilitates the new 5G spectrum.
The areas where capacity is an issue will
be those where operators deploy NR cells
on this new spectrum, thereby boosting
end-to-end performance and overall
system capacity.
Spectrum sharing provides better coverage in highly populated areas where it is most needed
Once the step from LTE-NR dual
connectivity to NR SA, with all of the
mentioned benefits, has been taken,
there is no benefit in introducing the other
architecture options. In particular, EN-DC
(device camping on and connecting
to NR, configured with additional LTE
serving cells via dual connectivity) would
reintroduce the problems and bottlenecks
that were removed by introducing NR SA
with CA. Therefore, running ESS on several
existing LTE carriers helps to significantly
reduce the number of architecture options
and complexity in core and radio access
networks (RAN).
8 Ericsson  |  Sharing for the best performance
Ericsson Spectrum Sharing: the solution
ESS is our solution for achieving simple,
efficient and fast migration.
As highlighted earlier, migration from 4G/LTE
to 5G NR can be made simpler, more efficient
and faster by giving both technologies instant
access to the same spectrum. ESS is our
solution for achieving this. Its design was
driven by the following requirements:
– It should be able to release as much of
NR’s full potential as possible when LTE
traffic intensity is low.
– NR should have a minimum impact on
LTE latency, coverage and peak rate, at
least when NR traffic load is low.
– All legacy LTE devices should be able to
access the network for the deployment
to be commercially sound. This implies
it is not possible to change the
LTE specifications for NR/LTE
spectrum sharing.
Any LTE/NR spectrum sharing solution
must also consider LTE’s lifecycle to be
future proof. As NR takes off, the number
of NR devices and NR traffic intensity will
increase in the networks. Furthermore,
LTE traffic will start to reduce in intensity
at some point. However, we expect many
users to only have devices supporting LTE
in these networks for many years to come,
Figure 6: The complete ESS solution
Tools in 3GPP
CRS rate matching of NR PDCCH
NR 7.5kHz UL frequency shift
Ericsson Radio System (ERS) – enabling software activation of ESS in installed base
especially for LTE narrowband IoT and
Cat-M devices, due to the expected long
lifetime of such devices. Spectrum sharing
will be most efficient if previously deployed
hardware can be reused and if the
feature can be activated remotely
with a software update.
Solution overview
3GPP did not define one monolithic
solution for spectrum sharing, but rather
a set of tools. Some of them serve the
exclusive purpose of operating NR and
LTE on a common carrier. Other NR
configurations, such as various PDCCH
mappings or demodulation reference signal
(DMRS) positions, are vital for spectrum
sharing but are also used in other contexts.
A device that implements those
components may claim to support
spectrum sharing. However, a network
implementation must take additional steps
– broadcast transmissions of LTE and NR
(PSS, SSS, MIB, SIBs, TRS and CSI-RS)
must be positioned so they are supported
by a device operating according to that
RAT, but invisible to a device operating
according to the other technology.
Ericsson Spectrum Sharing (ESS)
Coordinated scheduling for 1ms spectrum sharing enabling FDM
Transmit NR common signals and signaling in the presence of LTE CRS
Avoid LTE synchronization signals, broadcast channel, and CSI-RS
Transmit the NR PDCCH
This should be done in a way that
minimizes the radio resource consumption
of those control signals.
The network node (eNB or gNB) should
also have the means to rapidly allocate the
time/frequency resources for the actual
user data transmission between LTE and
NR, depending on the number of users and
priority of their data packets.
Figure 6 depicts the different
components of ESS, divided into 3GPP
tools and Ericsson innovations. In the
following sections, we introduce 3GPP’s
toolbox for spectrum sharing and explain
the innovative aspects of ESS.
Having an easy way to introduce ESS into
an existing network is just as important as
its functionality. We show how ESS builds
on top of the Ericsson Radio System (ERS)
and how it can be deployed as a software
package without any site visits or
tower climbing.
Ericsson innovation
9 Ericsson  |  Sharing for the best performance
3GPP standards outline the
possibilities of spectrum sharing.
An NR device configured with “LTE CRS
rate matching” is aware of the resource
elements in the time-frequency grid that
carry LTE cell-specific reference signals
(CRS) and it does not decode NR data on
these resource elements. CRS rate
matching is available for the NR data
channel when using 15kHz subcarrier
spacing with both FDD and time division
duplex (TDD). For higher subcarrier
spacing, LTE CRS rate matching on
resource element level is not feasible, as
signals transmitted with different
numerologies are not orthogonal and cross-
subcarrier interference would occur
between NR data and interleaved LTE
reference signals. Devices in idle mode do
not support CRS rate matching, so a
physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH),
which conveys messages related to
random-access procedure, for system
information and paging, cannot use this
tool. Note that SSB is never rate matched.
5G enables HD voice and video calls in busy areas
In the UL, LTE applies a 7.5kHz (half a The 3GPP standard does not give
subcarrier) shift to all its UL transmissions more guidance (except the above) on
to mitigate local oscillator noise while how to configure the system to enable
maintaining low crest factor. An NR device efficient spectrum sharing for SA or NSA
operating with FDD and its UL with 15kHz deployments. There are a few options
numerology can be configured to apply for enabling efficient spectrum sharing
the same shift. Without a 7.5kHz shift, for relevant use cases (illustrated in the
a frequency guard between LTE and following pages).
NR UL is needed.
In 3GPP Release 16, PDSCH Type B
scheduling (mini-slot) formats will be
extended to lengths 9 and 10, with
DMRS patterns compatible with dynamic
spectrum sharing, in that DMRS does not
overlap with LTE CRS. This will enable
efficient use of a two-symbol PDCCH in the
case of four-port LTE CRS transmission.
Release 16 also includes the possibility of
having up to three different, non-overlapping
CRS rate-matching patterns per NR carrier.
This enables a wide NR carrier to share
spectrum with several narrower LTE carriers.
10
ESS is a unique inter-RAT solution,
including 1ms scheduling, frequency division
multiplexing and coordinated signaling.
Coordinated scheduling for 1ms
spectrum sharing enabling FDM
NR DL and UL data transmissions are kept
separate from LTE data transmissions
via coordinated scheduling. ESS supports
coordinated scheduling with instant spectrum
sharing, which implies that scheduling
decisions are taken every millisecond.
To enable fast, fair and efficient
dynamic NR and LTE scheduling, quality
measures of LTE and NR, as well as related
quality of service settings, are used when
scheduling data. Frequency division
multiplexing (FDM) is allowed in a way
that LTE and NR can share the resource
grid in frequency to maximize resource
utilization. ESS enables instant spectrum
sharing with minimum overhead. In a
typical setting, best-effort LTE competes
against best-effort NR, guaranteed bitrate
(GBR) against GBR, signaling radio bearer
(SRB) against SRB, etc. However, service
providers may request policy inputs to
protect LTE traffic or to emphasize NR
throughput and these priorities will likely
change during LTE’s lifecycle.
Scheduling processing is typically highly
complex and challenging, even without
sharing. ESS benefits from the fact that
the same Digital Unit (DU) serves the
overlapping LTE and NR cells, including
user-plane processing and scheduling,
enabling instant coordination for efficient
resource utilization.
Transmitting NR common signals and
signaling alongside LTE CRS
During initial access, an NR device is
not aware whether the NR cell that it
accesses is shared with LTE or not.
It may only assume the latter, so it will
not apply any rate matching around
LTE reference signals.
The first signal an NR device tries to
detect when entering a new cell is the NR
synchronization signal block (SSB).
SSBs are one-shot transmissions, thus
vulnerable to puncturing. To guarantee
the necessary detection performance,
ESS transmits the SSB in an LTE
multicast-broadcast single-frequency
network (MBSFN) subframe, which
contains fewer LTE reference signals,
thereby avoiding collisions with the NR
SSB. ESS also uses MBSFN subframes to
convey other periodic NR signals, such as
system information. It benefits from those
periodic NR broadcast signals being sparse,
so that only a few MBSFN subframes
are required.
Other common DL messages, such as
paging and signaling for the radio resource
control (RRC) connection setup, do not
follow a periodic pattern and, therefore,
should not be protected by static MBSFN
subframes. However, since all these
messages are relatively small, they can be
protected at almost no additional cost
(in terms of overhead) by using an
appropriate channel code rate.
So far, we have discussed how NR is
configured in ESS to avoid impact from
LTE transmissions on NR. However, the
opposite also needs to be considered.
Configured NR signals, such as TRS
and CSI-RS, reuse MBSFN subframes
introduced to protect some idle-mode
transmissions, thereby avoiding
collisions with LTE.
In this context, it should be noted
that ESS itself does not add overhead.
The reference and control signals are
just the ones that LTE and NR require.
One may consider unused symbols as a
loss only if the MBSFN subframes are not
fully utilized by NR (either by SSB, SIB,
CSI-RS or by data).
Avoiding LTE synchronization signals,
broadcast channel and CSI-RS
As explained earlier, 3GPP specifies
the means to inform the device about
the presence of LTE CRS, so that the
network and device match the NR PDSCH
transmission around them. Besides CRS,
LTE transmits other periodic signals, such
as PSS, SSS, MIB and CSI-RS. To match
the NR PDSCH around those in an optimal
Ericsson  |  Sharing for the best performance
manner, the ESS gNB configures the device
with a set of rate matching patterns.
It uses a generic NR feature for the
purpose specified by 3GPP, to enable
the future introduction of new RAT or
services overlapping the NR carrier.
Transmitting the NR physical
control channels
The NR specification forbids collisions
between LTE reference signals and
NR PDCCH. While the specification
is very flexible where the PDCCH can
be transmitted, the mandatory device
capability only requires control channel
support within the first three OFDM symbols
of a slot. To avoid collisions with LTE CRS,
the NR PDCCH is mapped to the third, or
second and third, OFDM symbol in a slot,
depending on the LTE reference signal
configuration. NR devices that support
additional control channel symbols outside
the first three symbols can be configured
with additional control channels.
Deploying ESS in an operator
network is highly TCO efficient
Existing ERS baseband and radio units can
be updated with software to support ESS
without the need for additional hardware.
Existing ERS baseband units serving LTE
will then be enabled for mixed-mode,
serving LTE and NR at the same time.
Since no addition of baseband is
required, the majority of installations
can maintain the number of CPRI links
when ESS is enabled.
11 Ericsson  |  Sharing for the best performance

Conclusion

ESS is unique and game-changing.
With one simple software update, operators
can dynamically share spectrum between
technologies on the same band. It is a
revolutionary new way of rolling out 5G,
reusing hardware, spectrum and sites,
while increasing new mid- and
high-band investment value.
Based on 3GPP-defined tools but
taking them even further, ESS includes
inimitable Ericsson innovations, such as
intelligent scheduler algorithms and smart
coordination of 4G/5G signaling, that
enable swift introduction of 5G within
4G carriers and existing infrastructure.
This means increased coverage with fewer
new sites in less time, infrastructure savings
and, ultimately, the chance to be the first to
have nationwide coverage in an extremely
cost-efficient way.
This significantly boosts performance
and end-user experience, so that it is not
limited to cities and specific locations,
such as outdoors, while minimizing
impact to them.
ESS is easy and cost-effective, making
the best possible use of existing radio
spectrum and, simultaneously, avoiding
the painful process of re-farming
spectrum in use.
By leveraging existing low-band radio
spectrum, operators can build continuous
coverage while avoiding excessive
mid-band resource consumption, laying
the foundations for a smooth introduction
of SA 5G.
ESS will completely transform the way 5G
is introduced across the world. It will bring
5G to everyone, everywhere, much faster.

Acronyms
3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project L1 Layer one
5GC 5G Core network LTE Long term evolution
CA Carrier aggregation MIB Master information block
CDF Cumulative distribution function NR New Radio
CN Core network NSA Non-standalone
CRS Cell-specific reference signal PDCCH Physical downlink control channel
CSI Channel state information PDCP Packet data convergence protocol
CSI-RS Channel state information reference signal PDSCH Physical downlink shared channel
DL Downlink PSS A next-generation NodeB
DMRS Remodulation reference signal QAM Quadrature amplitude modulation
DSS Dynamic Spectrum Sharing RAN Radio access network

DU Digital unit RAT Radio access technology

ESS will completely transform the way 5G is
eNB E-UTRAN Node B RLC Radio link control introduced across the world
EN-DC E-UTRAN New Radio – dual connectivity RU Radio unit
EPC Evolved Packet Core SA Standalone
ERS Ericsson Radio System SIB System information block
ESS Ericsson Spectrum Sharing SIB1 System information block 1
Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications
EUTRA SRB Signaling radio bearer
System (UMTS) terrestrial radio access
FDD Frequency division duplex SSB Synchronization signal block
FDM Frequency division multiplex SSS A next-generation NodeB
Contact your local Sales team:
GBR Guaranteed bitrate TDD Time division duplex
https://www.ericsson.com/
gNB Next radio NodeB TRS Tracking reference signal en/contact/sales-inquiry
HARQ Hybrid automatic repeat request UL Uplink

Ericsson
SE-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden
Telephone +46 10 719 0000
www.ericsson.com
Ericsson enables communications service providers
to capture the full value of connectivity. The company’s
portfolio spans Networks, Digital Services, Managed
Services, and Emerging Business and is designed to
help our customers go digital, increase efficiency and
find new revenue streams. Ericsson’s investments in
innovation have delivered the benefits of telephony
and mobile broadband to billions of people around
the world. The Ericsson stock is listed on Nasdaq
Stockholm and on Nasdaq New York.
www.ericsson.com
The content of this document is subject to 1/0341-FGB 101 843
revision without notice due to continued © Ericsson AB 2019
progress in methodology, design and
manufacturing. Ericsson shall have no
liability for any error or damage of any kind
resulting from the use of this document