Densities, molecular weight and chemical formulas of some common gases can be found in

the table below:

Density - ρ -
Molecular
Gas Formula
weight
(kg/m3) (lbm/ft3)

Acetylene 1.0921) 0.06821)

C2H2 26
(ethyne) 1.1702) 0.07292)

1.2051) 0.07521)
Air 29
1.2932) 0.08062)

0.7171) 0.04481)
Ammonia NH3 17.031
0.7692) 0.04802)

1.6611) 0.10371)
Argon Ar 39.948
1.78372) 0.1113532)

Benzene C6H6 78.11 3.486 0.20643

Blast furnace
1.2502) 0.07802)
gas

2.4891) 0.15541)
Butane C4H10 58.1
2.52) 0.1562)

Butylene
C4H8 56.11 2.504 0.1482)
(Butene)

1.8421) 0.11501)
Carbon dioxide CO2 44.01
1.9772) 0.12342)

Carbon
76.13
disulphide

Carbon 1.1651) 0.07271)

CO 28.01
monoxide 1.2502) 0.07802)

Carbureted
0.048
Water Gas

Chlorine Cl2 70.906 2.9941) 0.18691)

Coke Oven Gas 0.0342)

 Combustion
1.112) 0.0692)
products

Cyclohexane 84.16

Digester Gas
(Sewage or 0.062
Biogas)

Ethane C2H6 30.07 1.2641) 0.07891)

Ethyl Alcohol 46.07

Ethyl Chloride 64.52

Ethylene C2H4 28.03 1.2602) 0.07862)

0.16641) 0.010391)
Helium He 4.02
0.17852) 0.0111432)

N-Heptane 100.20

Hexane 86.17

Hydrogen H2 2.016 0.08992) 0.00562)

Hydrochloric
36.47
Acid

Hydrogen
HCl 36.5 1.5281) 0.09541)
Chloride

Hydrogen
H2S 34.076 1.4341) 0.08951)
Sulfide

0.6681) 0.04171)
Methane CH4 16.043
0.7172) 0.04472)

Methyl Alcohol 32.04

Methyl Butane 72.15

Methyl Chloride 50.49

 Natural gas 19.5 0.7 - 0.92) 0.044 - 0.0562)

Neon Ne 20.179 0.89992) 0.0561792)

Nitric oxide NO 30.0 1.2491) 0.07801)

1.1651) 0.07271)
Nitrogen N2 28.02
1.25062) 0.0780722)

Nitrogen
NO2 46.006
Dioxide

N-Octane 114.22

Nitrous Oxide N2O 44.013 0.114

Nitrous Trioxide NO3 62.005

1.3311) 0.08311)
Oxygen O2 32
1.42902) 0.0892102)

Ozone O3 48.0 0.125

N-Pentane 72.15

Iso-Pentane 72.15

Propane C3H8 44.09 1.8821) 0.11751)

Propene
C3H6 42.1 1.7481) 0.10911)
(propylene)

R-11 137.37

R-12 120.92

R-22 86.48

R-114 170.93

R-123 152.93
 R-134a 102.03

Sasol 0.032

Sulfur S 32.06 0.135

2.2791) 0.17031)
Sulfur Dioxide SO2 64.06
2.9262) 0.18282)

Sulfur Trioxide SO3 80.062

Sulfuric Oxide SO 48.063

Toluene C7H8 92.141 4.111 0.2435

Water Vapor H2O 18.016 0.804 0.048

Water gas
0.054
(bituminous)

1)
NTP - Normal Temperature and Pressure - is defined as air at 20oC (293.15 K, 68oF) and 1 atm ( 101.325
kN/m2, 101.325 kPa, 14.7 psia, 0 psig, 30 in Hg, 760 torr)

2)
STP - Standard Temperature and Pressure - is defined as air at 0oC (273.15 K, 32oF) and 1 atm (101.325
kN/m2, 101.325 kPa, 14.7 psia, 0 psig, 30 in Hg, 760 torr)
 1 lbm/ft3 = 16.018 kg/m3
 1 kg/m3 = 0.0624 lbm/ft3
The specific gravity of some common gases can be found in the table below:

Specific Gravity1)
Gas
- SG -

Acetylene (ethyne) - C2H2 0.90

Air1) 1.000

Alcohol vapor 1.601

Ammonia - NH3 0.59

Argon - Ar 1.38

Arsine 2.69

Benzene - C6H6 2.6961

Blast Furnace gas 1.02

Butadiene - C4H6 1.87

Butane - C4H10 2.0061

1-Butene (Butylene)- C4H8 1.94

Isobutene - C4H8 1.94

Carbon dioxide - CO2 1.5189

Carbon monoxide - CO 0.9667

Carbureted Water Gas 0.63

Chlorine - Cl2 2.486

Coke Oven Gas 0.44

Cyclobutane 1.938
 Cyclopentane 2.422

Cyclopropane 1.451

Decane 4.915

Deutrium - D2 0.070

Digestive Gas (Sewage or

0.8
Biogas)

Ethane - C2H6 1.0378

Ether vapor 2.586

Ethyl Chloride - C2H5Cl 2.23

Ethylene (Ethene) - C2H4 0.9683

Fluorine 1.31

Helium - He 0.138

Heptanes 3.459

Hexane 2.973

Hydrogen 0.0696

Hydrogen chloride - HCl 1.268

Hydrogen sulfide - H2S 1.1763

Hydrofluoric acid 2.370

Hydrochloric acid 1.261

Illuminating gas 0.4

 Isobutane 2.01

Isopentane 2.48

Krypton 2.89

Marsh gas 0.555

Mercury vapor 6.940

Methane - CH4 0.5537

Methyl Chloride 1.74

Natural Gas (typical) 0.60 - 0.70

Neon 0.697

Nitric oxide - NO 1.037

Nitrogen - N2 (pure) 0.9669

Nitrogen - N2 (atmospheric) 0.9723

Nitrous oxide - N2O 1.530

Nonane 4.428

Octane 3.944

Oxygen - O2 1.1044

Ozone 1.660

Pentane 2.487

Phosgene 1.39

Propane - C3H8 1.5219

 Propene (Propylene) -
1.4523
C3H6

Sasol 0.42

Silane 1.11

Sulfur Dioxide - SO2 2.264

Toluene-Methylbenzene 3.1082

Water gas (bituminous) 0.71

Water vapor 0.6218

Xenon 4.53

1)
NTP - Normal Temperature and Pressure - is defined as air at 20oC (293.15 K, 68oF) and 1 atm
( 101.325 kN/m2, 101.325 kPa, 14.7 psia, 0 psig, 30 in Hg, 760 torr)

Since specific gravity is the ratio between the density (mass per unit volume) of the actual gas and the
density of air, specific gravity has no dimension.
Liquefied petroleum gas (also called LPG, GPL, LP Gas, or autogas) is a flammable
mixture of hydrocarbon gases used as a fuel in heating appliances and vehicles, and
increasingly replacing chlorofluorocarbons as an aerosol propellant and a refrigerant to reduce
damage to the ozone layer.

Varieties of LPG bought and sold include mixes that are primarily propane, mixes that are
primarily butane, and - most common - mixes including both propane C3H8 and butane C4H10,
depending on the season — in winter more propane, in summer more butane. Propylene and
butylenes are usually also present in small concentration. A powerful odorant, ethanethiol, is
added so that leaks can be detected easily. The international standard is EN 589. In the United
States, thiophene or amyl mercaptan are also approved odorants.

LPG is a low-carbon-emitting hydrocarbon fuel available in rural areas, emitting 81% of the
CO2 per kWh produced by oil, 70% of that of coal, and less than 50% of that emitted by coal-
generated electricity distributed via the grid.[citation needed] Being a mix of propane and butane,
LPG emits less carbon per joule than butane but more carbon per joule than propane. As a
low-carbon, low-polluting fossil fuel, LPG is recognised by governments around the world for
the contribution it can make towards improved indoor and outdoor air quality and reduced
greenhouse gas emissions. LPG is widely available and can be used for hundreds of
commercial and domestic applications. LPG is also used alongside renewable technologies, as
well as with decentralized electricity generation (Combined heat and power systems — See
Uses - Rural heating) to help reduce carbon emissions on a local level.

LPG is synthesised by refining petroleum or "wet" natural gas, and is usually derived from
fossil fuel sources, being manufactured during the refining of crude oil, or extracted from oil
or gas streams as they emerge from the ground. It was first produced in 1910 by Dr. Walter
Snelling, and the first commercial products appeared in 1912. It currently provides about 3%
of the energy consumed, and burns cleanly with no soot and very few sulfur emissions, posing
no ground or water pollution hazards. LPG has a typical specific calorific value of 46.1 MJ/kg
compared with 42.5 MJ/kg for fuel-oil and 43.5 MJ/kg for premium grade petrol (gasoline).[1]
However, its energy density per volume unit of 26 MJ/l is lower than either that of petrol or
fuel-oil.

LPG will evaporate at normal temperatures and pressures and is supplied in pressurised steel
cylinders.They are typically filled to between 80% and 85% of their capacity to allow for
thermal expansion of the contained liquid. The ratio between the volumes of the vaporized gas
and the liquefied gas varies depending on composition, pressure, and temperature, but is
typically around 250:1. The pressure at which LPG becomes liquid, called its vapour pressure,
likewise varies depending on composition and temperature; for example, it is approximately
220 kilopascals (2.2 bar) for pure butane at 20 °C (68 °F), and approximately 2.2 megapascals
(22 bar) for pure propane at 55 °C (131 °F). LPG is heavier than air, and thus will flow along
floors and tend to settle in low spots, such as basements. This can cause ignition or
suffocation hazards if not dealt with.