CLIMATE CHANGE

Climate change is the catch-all term for the shift in worldwide weather phenomena associated with an
increase in global average temperatures. It's real and temperatures have been going up around the
world for many decades.

CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE

A. NATURAL CAUSES
1.) Volcanic Eruption

The gases and dust particles thrown into the atmosphere during volcanic eruptions have influences
on climate. Most of the particles spewed from volcanoes cool the planet by shading incoming solar
radiation. The cooling effect can last for months to years depending on the characteristics of the
eruption. Volcanoes have also caused global warming over millions of years during times in Earth’s
history when extreme amounts of volcanism occurred, releasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

2.) Ocean Currents

The currents in the world's oceans are a result of varying temperatures associated with the changing
latitudes of our planet. As the atmosphere is warmed nearest the equator, the hot air at the surface of
our planet is heated, causing it to rise and draw in cooler air to take its place, creating what is known as
circulation cells.[23] This ultimately causes the air to be significantly colder near the poles than at the
equator.

3.)Earth Orbital Changes

4.) Solar Variation

The rate of energy coming from the Sun changes slightly day to day. Over many millennia the Earth-Sun
orbital relationship can change the geographical distribution of the sun’s energy over the Earth’s surface.
It has been suggested that changes in solar output might affect our climate—both directly, by changing
the rate of solar heating of the Earth and atmosphere, and indirectly, by changing cloud forming
processes.
B. HUMAN CAUSES
1.) Green House Gases

The greenhouse effect is the way in which heat is trapped close to the surface of the Earth by
“greenhouse gases.” These heat-trapping gases can be thought of as a blanket wrapped around the
Earth, which keeps it toastier than it would be without them. Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide,
methane and nitrous oxides.

2.) Deforestation

Deforestation in the Amazon rainforest is a major cause to climate change due to the decreasing number
of trees available to capture increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.

3.) Coal Mining

Coal mining releases methane, a potent greenhouse gas. Methane is the naturally occurring product of
the decay of organic matter as coal deposits are formed with increasing depths of burial, rising
temperatures, and rising pressure over geological time.

4.) Burning of Fossil Fuel

Burning any carbon based fuel converts carbon to carbon dioxide. Unless it is captured and stored, this
carbon dioxide is usually released to the atmosphere. Burning fossil fuels releases carbon that was
removed from the amosphere millions of years ago by animal and plant life. This leads to increased
concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

5.) Industrial Processes

6.) Agriculture

Agriculture contributes to climate change both by anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and by
the conversion of non-agricultural land such as forests into agricultural land.
 EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
1.) Rise in Sea level

As air temperature increases closer to the sea surface, more

melt starts to occur. This melting may further be accelerated because the color of ice is darker while it is
melting. There is a threshold in surface warming beyond which a partial or near-complete melting of the
Greenland ice sheet occurs.

2.) Heavy rainful across the globe

The rate of evaporation from the ocean is increasing as the world warms. Think about heating a large pot
of water on your stove the higher you turn the dial, the faster the water evaporates. Pretty much the
same thing happens with the planet, and globally, this higher rate of evaporation contributes to more
extreme rain and snow events.

3.) Extreme Drought

Global climate change affects a variety of factors associated with drought. There is high confidence
that increased temperatures will lead to more precipitation falling as rain rather than snow, earlier snow
melt, and increased evaporation and transpiration. Thus the risk of hydrological and agricultural drought
increases as temperatures rise.

4.) Decline in Crop Production

Decrease in potential yields is likely to be caused by shortening of the growing period, decrease in water
availability and poor vernalization. In the long run, the climatic change could affect agriculture in several
ways : productivity, in terms of quantity and quality of crops.

5.) Ecosystem is Changing

The livelihoods of nature dependent communities depend on abundance and availability of certain
species. Climate change conditions such as increase in atmospheric temperature and carbon dioxide
concentration directly affect availability of biomass energy, food, fiber and other ecosystem services.

6.) Hurricanes

Hurricanes may be upstaged by even more intense as the Earth's climate is warmed by increasing levels
of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

7.) Rise in Temperature

Republic of the Philippines

 EASTERN VISAYAS STATE UNIVERSITY
CARIGARA CAMPUS
Carigara, Leyte

WRITTEN REPORT
IN
DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION &
MANAGEMENT

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:

GAQUIT, ROLANDO G. MS. AMANDA MAY RAMOS

BSIT-1A INSTRUCTOR