Unemployment Problem of the Graduate Students of the Social Science Faculty

of University of Dhaka: Reality and Perception

A Research Report submitted

By

Mohammad Esa Ibn Belal

Roll: Zia-042-008

Department of Public Administration

UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA, BANGLADESH

Date of submission: 21 November 2019

1
 Declaration

I am Esa Ibn Belal, a student of Bachelor of Social Sciences (BSS), Department of

Public Administration in the Faculty of Social Sciences of University of Dhaka. I
solemnly declare that the work presented in this research report has been carried
out by me under the supervision of Dr Momtaj Jahan, Professor, Department of
Public Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Dhaka.

This report is about “Unemployment Problem of the Graduate Students of the

Social Science Faculty of University of Dhaka: Reality and Perception” has only
been prepared for the fulfillment of the course Qualitative Research Methodology.
The work I have presented does not breach any existing copyright and this report
is not copied from any work done earlier for a degree of otherwise.

I further undertake to indemnify the department against any loss or damage arising
from breach of the foregoing obligations.

______________________
Mohammad Esa Ibn Belal
Roll: BE-042-008
6th Semester, 3rd Year
Department of Public Administration
Faculty of Social Sciences
University of Dhaka

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 Certificate of Acceptance

This is to certify that Esa Ibn Belal zia 042-008, 11th Batch, Department of Public
Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Dhaka, has successfully
completed the report on “Unemployment Problem of the Graduate Students of
the Social Science Faculty of University of Dhaka: Reality and Perception”. In this
regard he practically visited the study area, read many reports to acquire
knowledge and worked hard under my supervision and instruction.

This paper supports the topic title and fulfills the entire requirements. I have gone
through the whole report and found it to be a well-written paper. He has completed
the paper by himself.

During the program he was sincere, proactive and attentive to his work and I wish
him every success in life.

_________________________

Dr Momtaj Jahan
Professor
Department of Public Administration
Faculty of Social Sciences
University of Dhaka

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 Acknowledgement

The successful completion of this report is the outcome of contribution of a number

of people to whom I am grateful and thank them from the very deep of my heart.
So I would like to take this opportunity to thank all those people who helped me in
preparing this research report on “Unemployment Problem of the Graduate
Students of the Social Science Faculty of University of Dhaka: Reality and
Perception”

First and foremost, let me sincerely thank Almighty for the great opportunity and
blessings that he has showered upon me for the successful and timely completion
of this paper. I extent my sincere gratitude and very gratefully wish to forward due
respect and thanks to my internal faculty guide of Dr Momtaj Jahan, Professor,
Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of
Dhaka for the continuous, creative, valuable and informative support that he
extended to me, without which the project would not have been efficiently
completed.

I thank my parents and all other family members for their valuable and inseparable
support in completion of this study. Once again I take this opportunity to convey
my sincere thanks to each and every person who helped me directly and indirectly
in the successful completion of thesis report.

In fine, no words can fully express my respect and reverence for the persons who
any how helped me in completion of this report.

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Table of Contents
Declaration .................................................................................................................................................... 2
Certificate of Acceptance .............................................................................................................................. 3
Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................................................ 4
List of tables .............................................................................................................................................. 7
Coding of the data……………………………………………………………………………..23 ........................................... 7
List of graphs and charts: .......................................................................................................................... 7
Acronyms: ................................................................................................................................................. 8
Abstract: ........................................................................................................................................................ 9
Chapter; 01 ................................................................................................................................................. 10
Introduction: ............................................................................................................................................... 10
Background of the problem: ................................................................................................................... 10
Problem statement: ................................................................................................................................ 11
Review of the literature: ......................................................................................................................... 11
Objective of the study:- .......................................................................................................................... 15
Question of the study: ............................................................................................................................ 15
Models: ................................................................................................................................................... 16
Hypothesis: ............................................................................................................................................. 17
Definition of the concept: ....................................................................................................................... 17
Operational deffition: ............................................................................................................................. 18
Theoretical definition:- ........................................................................................................................... 18
Scope of the present study:- ................................................................................................................... 20
Rational of the study: .............................................................................................................................. 20
Chapter: 02 Body of the report:.................................................................................................................. 21
Research methodology: .......................................................................................................................... 21
Sources of data ....................................................................................................................................... 21
 Primary Sources: ......................................................................................................................... 22
 Secondary Sources ...................................................................................................................... 22
Study area: .............................................................................................................................................. 22
Sampling.................................................................................................................................................. 22
 Sampling method: ....................................................................................................................... 23
 Sampling Size: ............................................................................................................................. 23
Instrument of data collection: ................................................................................................................ 23

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 Questionnaire: .................................................................................................................................... 23
Interview: ............................................................................................................................................ 24
Fieldwork................................................................................................................................................. 24
Data processing:...................................................................................................................................... 24
Organizing data: .................................................................................................................................. 25
Reading and memoing: ....................................................................................................................... 25
Editing data; ........................................................................................................................................ 25
Coding of the data;.............................................................................................................................. 25
Analysis of the data:................................................................................................................................ 26
Limitations of the study: ......................................................................................................................... 26
Chapter:03 Results ...................................................................................................................................... 27
Findings: .................................................................................................................................................. 27
Questionnaire: .................................................................................................................................... 27
Interviews: .......................................................................................................................................... 30
Discussion: .............................................................................................................................................. 30
Chapter:04 .................................................................................................................................................. 31
Summery and conclusion: ........................................................................................................................... 31
Recommendation:................................................................................................................................... 32
Chpter: 05 ................................................................................................................................................... 33
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................ 33
Chapter: 06 ................................................................................................................................................. 35
Appendix: .................................................................................................................................................... 35
Technical Details on Sampling Plan......................................................................................................... 36
Study Area: ......................................................................................................................................... 36
Unit of Analysis: ................................................................................................................................. 36
Population: .......................................................................................................................................... 36
Sample Size:........................................................................................................................................ 36
Sampling: ............................................................................................................................................ 36
Interview: ............................................................................................................................................ 36

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List of tables
Coding of the data……………………………………………………………………………..23
Respondents having experience of unemployment……………………………………………25
Opinion……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..25

List of graphs and charts:

Respondents……………………………………………………………………………………………………..28
Respondents' Percentage Regarding to Reasons………………………………………………..29

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Acronyms:
BD-Bangladesh
DEPT-Department
DU- University of Dhaka
EBL- Exim Bank Limited
Govt.- Government
ISMC- Ibn Sina Medical College
MOPA- Ministry of Public Administration
PM- Prime Minister
VC- Vice Chancellor
PS- Political Science
S- Sociology
MCJ- Mass Communication And Journalism
IR- International Relation
E- Economics

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 Abstract:

Unemployment is a big phenomenon for a country to overcome. Every country has

to struggle to solve unemployment problem. Bangladesh also fight against this
challenge; it has been facing the challenge of unemployment for a long period of
time. But recent phenomenon is as the number of educated people is increasing
the educated unemployed people also increasing simultaneously, even graduate
students of social science faculty are to suffer lot to get themselves employed. In
this research, I tried to find out the reasons behind the unemployment problem of
the social science faculty of the university of Dhaka. In this research I followed
qualitative method and adapted phenomenological approach to conduct the
research, and for sampling I applied cluster random sampling and probable
stratified random sampling method, and for data collection interview and
questionnaire method was applied. For this research five departments of social
science faculty of the university of Dhaka have been taken to cull respondents and
two experts and two employers were also bolted for this research. Five
departments have been chosen by conducting cluster random sampling and 2
experts and two employers have been selected by purposive sampling. I collected
data from student respondents and experts and employer and then establish
relation and analysis the data what I have got from student respondents and
experts and employers. I found some similarities and some dissimilarities among
the data between students and experts, employers. I have a got common factor
from both sides and that is the lack of skills of students. To solve this
unemployment issues some recommendation has been given.

Keywords: unemployment, graduate students, social science faculty, university of

Dhaka.

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 Chapter; 01

Introduction:

unemployment problem is one of the greatest problems in our country. At present

a large part of the active educated and skilled people in our country are
unemployed. In other words, there are fewer job opportunity and facilities for work
but there are huge number of people who are able to work and hoping to get job.
As a result, many people are unemployed and have to live in miserable condition.
There was a time when there was no unemployment problem in this country. Most
of the people could easily earn their livings somehow or other. But with the passage
of time, as the population grew bigger and bigger, the unemployment problem
emerged and become an issue. But population growth and the increased number
of graduate students of social science faculty of university of Dhaka should not be
considered as the only cause of the unemployment problem of the graduate
students of social science faculty of the university of Dhaka but there are many
other reasons. By conducting this research, I will try to bring out the core and
original problems of the unemployment problem of the graduate student of social
science faculty of university of Dhaka.

Background of the problem:

According to the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), the unemployment
rate in Bangladesh is 4.37% which is equivalent to America’s unemployment
rate. The rate of unemployment among people with tertiary level education
has considerably risen up, according to the latest Labor Force Survey (LFS) by
BBS.

About 46% of the total unemployed youth are university graduates. The
Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD) also noted the rising unemployment rate
among the relatively more educated labor force.
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On the other hand, a large number of foreigners -- mainly from India and Sri
Lanka -- are working in various industrial sectors. This is happening because
our local labor force lacks the required technical and managerial skills much-
needed in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In our growing
economy, more than two million young people enter the job market every
year, and they are almost three times more likely to be unemployed than
others. Many of them are ill-paid, and the situation for women is worse. The
scenario of graduate students of social science faculty of university of Dhaka
is not different. They are facing similar difficulties and challenges as the
graduates throughout country are facing and they also compete in the same
conditions as others.

Problem statement:
The Faculty of social sciences is organized into 16 academic Departments which are
responsible for undergraduate and postgraduate teaching and research. Every year
more than thousand students pass under graduation and graduation from this
faculty. But after completing graduation most of the graduates are to face a
tremendous fight to get a job. For single job there are more than hundreds
candidates. So after completing graduation they walk a long way and have to waste
several years to get a job. They have to loss many years to find a job and suffer
many years as an unemployed people. In Bangladesh social science faculty of the
university of Dhaka is the apex institution but the student who graduate from this
institution are suffering from unemployment problem and this unemployment rate
is not reducing but increasing.

Review of the literature:

To conduct this research, I have reviewed the literature for some to create new
knowledge and idea which helped to get in-depth knowledge about the topic and
also helped me to get the idea what works done in this field previously.
Sardar Sayed Ahmed and Md. Rezaul Karim khan write in their article “employment
and unemployment situation in Bangladesh: a dismal picture of development”

11
about employed educated unemployed labor force. They commented that the
educated labor force is suffering most the curse of unemployment than any other
group. They are mostly suffering from unemployment and under employment. The
economy of Bangladesh expends 5.8 percent yearly but the labor force was
increased by 4.6 percent during the period 2000 to 2010. A total 15.1 million new
jobs were created but 20.1 million new labors entered in to the labor force (world
bank 2012).

They further wrote that Bangladesh is a labor surplus country after 1990s in this
country labor force increase twice according to increase of job opportunity. For this
reason, educated labor force become more suffer they said in their article
“Educated unemployment is a great problem in Bangladesh. An educated
unemployed is a victim of double loss. At the time of study, he is to expend money
for his studies and he lost income during studies when he could earn. The
government bears a portion of educational expenses. So unemployment is a huge
wastage of resources. Therefore, manpower planning is essential for Bangladesh”.

P Mncayi in his article, “an analysis of the perceptions of graduate unemployment

among graduates from a south African university”, discussed about the perception
of graduate unemployed people in Africa and the factors behind this. He wrote in
the perspective of Africa that unfortunately the south African education system is
producing a continued stream of new educated job seekers for that reason
education has in some way failed to ensure the employability of the graduates. He
further said in south Africa several fields such as arts and social science faculties’
graduate are facing this problem more than the hard science graduates and
engineering. He wrote that graduates are not prepared for the workplace and are
not trained up according to the labor market and on the other hand the labor
market is already abundant in supply. But many jobs are vacant mainly because of
shortages of people with the right skills. This indicates that various graduate are
not employable.

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Acquah (2009) and Walker (2015) asserted that Science and Engineering graduates
have higher chances of finding employment after graduation than graduates with
qualifications of a more general nature such as Humanities and Arts. Not all
graduates will enjoy better job opportunities mainly because of diverse situations
and job misalliances that exist in the labor market.

Mister x in his literature,” cause and cure of graduate unemployment” said that at
the previous time graduation ensures the opportunity for job but today this scene
reverse the graduate are suffering more for joblessness. This problem is for the
result of a mismatch between supply of labor and demand for graduate.

Mohammad Shaifur Rahman Chowdhury in his article “determinants of

Unemployment in Bangladesh: A Case Study”

Hanene ben Ouada jamoussi in his article “determinants of graduate

unemployment in Tunisia’ wrote that people go to school not earn skill but to get
degree. If people come to take graduation for enhancing their skill it could help
them to reduce unemployment rate in country. From the supply side, we see
continued increase in the flow of graduates. From the demand side, we note an
insufficient adapted job creation by different economic structures. To reduce this
problem only increasing training or vocational education is not enough but
government should take some policy which make contribution in this sector such
as to increase free trade that may increase many job opportunities for unemployed
people and increase other sectors such as fisheries, manufacturing, mining and
energy etc. which also create many opportunities for job seekers.

Lepage (1999) points out that the relationship between human capital and
unemployment remainscomplex. On the one hand, the underemployment
encourages the unemployed to invest more inhuman capital. On the other hand,
rising unemployment destroyed part of human capital, followingits degradation.

13
Human capital may depreciate if the skills are not maintained in good
conditionthrough regular use. From this point of view, the long-term
unemployment and youth
unemployment can lead to deterioration of knowledge and skills (Fraisse-D'Olimpio
2009).

Dai Kosi Alfred, Tsadidey Simon, Isaac Ashiagbor, Millicent D. Beku in their article
“Graduate unemployment in Ghana: possible case of poor response of university
programs to the demands of the market” said that Ghana started educational
program after independent but now there are difference between the supply and
demand of educated person. People are taking so called academic program from
universities which cannot give guarantee for job. And universities do not focus on
technical or vocational education but they focus more on theoretical education
thus educational institution become theory providing institution rather than
providing skilled and proficient oriented institution. They further wrote that people
thought that the higher one climbs the education ladder the it is to secure an
attractive job but this has been old talk now. Because there are many graduate
students in the street who searching job only to lead a minimum life.

Kaile Pauw, Haroon Bhorat, Sumayya Goga, Liberty Ncube, and Carlene van der
Wasthuizen in their article “Graduate Unemployment In The Context Of Skills
Shortages Education And Training; Findings From A Firm Survey” wrote in African
countries when big company collapse or finished its operation then many graduate
employed loses their jobs. And further said that favorable economic conditions are
responsible for the graduate unemployment. recruitment procedures are also
responsible for graduate unemployment problem because most of the time
interviewee consider some people, most graduated from unfamiliar universities,
are less competent before taking interview for this reason many competent people
do not get job. They further wrote that another reason for graduate unemployment
is the era is considered the era of talent so the people who are not properly talent
or highly prepared or highly skilled they are suffering more to get job. Another most

14
important reason is that graduate expectation sometimes graduate expect
lucrative job but they are not properly fit for this.
Li Xiang in his article “higher education expansion and graduate unemployment in
chine: theory, evidence and policy implication” said that every year in many people
become graduated in china but they are to take some kind of jobs which do not
requires higher education. He said that chine invested in economy more than in
education and education system are properly designed to full the demand the labor
market. The decrease of quality of institutions is another reason for graduate
unemployment

Objective of the study:-

the broad objective of the study is to find out the hidden reasons for the
unemployment problem of the graduate student of the social science faculty of
university of Dhaka. This work aimed to bring not only the one sided reasons such
as job seeker or job provider but aim to collect data from both sides, job seekers
and job provider. Moreover, this study has some specific objective which will
support the main objective of the study. These are as below:
1. To bring the real reason of unemployment of social science faculty
2. To know what the unemployed graduate student of social science faculty
think about their unemployment problem and what the experts think about
this problem
3. To find out new way to solve these reasons which are responsible for
unemployment problem of social science faculty

Question of the study:

The main objective of the study is to know
1. what are the main reasons behind the unemployment problem of the
graduate students of the social science faculty of the university of Dhaka?

15
 2. What are the concepts of students of social science faculty of university of
Dhaka regarding the unemployment problem of the graduate students of the
social science faculty of the university of Dhaka?
3. What are the employer’s conceptions regarding the unemployment problem
of the social science faculty of the university of Dhaka?
4. What are the differences between the conception of students and employers
regarding the unemployment problem of the graduate students of the social
science faculty of the university of Dhaka?

Models:
Models shows how data will be analyzed in the research. In this research data will
be analyzed following this model which has been drawn below:

Students’ Employers’
conception conception

Reasons behind
unemployment

16
in this model at first the conception of students and employers about the
unemployment problem will be collected than their conception will be analyzed
and finally we will get the reasons behind the unemployment problem of the
graduate students of the social science faculty of the university of Dhaka.

Hypothesis:
In my research there were two hypotheses.
H 1: students will blame the educational system and lack governments initiatives
regarding the unemployment problem of the graduate students of the social
science faculty of the university of Dhaka.
The hypothesis h 1 is about that students will blame the educational system of the
university and lack of government initiatives for their unemployment problem.
H 2: employer will blame lack of skills of the graduate students regarding the
unemployment problem of the graduate students of the social science faculty of
the university of Dhaka.
Employers will not blame the educational system of the university but they will
blame the lack of skills of the graduate students such as lack of communication skill.
Computer skills, language skills etc.

Definition of the concept:

Unemployment: Unemployment occurs when a person who is actively searching
for employment is unable to find work. Unemployment is often used as a measure
of the health of the economy. The most frequent measure of unemployment is the
unemployment rate, which is the number of unemployed people divided by the
number of people in the labor force.

17
Social science: Social sciences are a group of academic disciplines dedicated to
examining society. This branch of science studies how people interact with each
other, behave, develop as a culture, and influence the world.
Reality: reality means the real situation and condition of the problem and the real
reasons for existing this problem
Perception: this is the think of the graduate job seekers of the university of Dhaka

Operational deffition:
Bangladesh is densely populated country. every year around 4 lakhs students
complete their graduation from different universities. But 47% of the total graduate
students remain unemployed after completing their graduation. And in the social
science faculty every year 1500 students complete their graduation but most of
them have to suffer to get job after completing graduation.

Theoretical definition:-
Classical unemployment: Classical, or real-wage unemployment, occurs when real
wages for a job are set above the market-clearing level causing the number of job-
seekers to exceed the number of vacancies. On the other hand, most economists
argue that as wages fall below a livable wage many choose to drop out of the labor
market and no longer seek employment. This is especially true in countries where
low-income families are supported through public welfare systems.
In such cases, wages would have to be high enough to motivate people to choose
employment over what they receive through public welfare. Wages below a livable
wage are likely to result in lower labor market participation in the above-stated
scenario. In addition, consumption of goods and services is the primary driver of
increased demand for labor. Higher wages lead to workers having more income
available to consume goods and services. Therefore, higher wages increase general
consumption and as a result demand for labor increases and unemployment
decreases.

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Cyclical unemployment: Cyclical, deficient-demand, or Keynesian unemployment,
occurs when there is not enough aggregate demand in the economy to provide jobs
for everyone who wants to work. Demand for most goods and services falls, less
production is needed and consequently fewer workers are needed, wages are
sticky and do not fall to meet the equilibrium level, and unemployment
results.[15] Its name is derived from the frequent ups and downs in the business
cycle, although unemployment can also be persistent as occurred during the Great
Depression of the 1930s.
Structural unemployment: Structural unemployment occurs when a labor market is
unable to provide jobs for everyone who wants one because there is a mismatch
between the skills of the unemployed workers and the skills needed for the
available jobs. Structural unemployment is hard to separate empirically from
frictional unemployment, except to say that it lasts longer. As with frictional
unemployment, simple demand-side stimulus will not work to easily abolish this
type of unemployment.
Structural unemployment may also be encouraged to rise by persistent cyclical
unemployment: if an economy suffers from long-lasting low aggregate demand, it
means that many of the unemployed become disheartened, while their skills
(including job-searching skills) become "rusty" and obsolete. Problems with debt
may lead to homelessness and a fall into the vicious circle of poverty.

For my research I will follow the structural theory. Classical unemployment theory
is about wage related and Keynesian theory is applicable for particular situation
where less supply of money is the main culprit of unemployment. but structural
unemployment theory is about when labor market is unable to provide job when
there many efficient job seekers. As the main theme of my research is to find out
the reasons for unemployment problem from students and employers perspective
so the structural theory is the best option to pick for my research conduction.

19
Scope of the present study:-
the scope of the study is the unemployment issue of the graduate students of social
science faculty of the university of Dhaka. Different reasons and variables were
discussed in this research and how they influence the unemployment issue. The
main concern of the study is knowing what the graduate unemployed people think
about their unemployment problem as well as this research will try to know what
the expert and job provider think about the unemployment problem. After knowing
from both side we will be able to identify what the real issues behind the
unemployment problem and we can find out the similarity and dissimilarity
between job seekers and job providers’ opinions.
The respondent pool was concentrated to the graduate unemployed student of the
social science faculty of the university of Dhaka and experts are the teachers of the
social science faculty and researcher on the unemployment problem and the job
providers are the HR officers of the Ibn Sina Medical College and Exim Bank.
Respondent will be chosen from 5 departments by cluster random sampling and
then stratified random sampling has been applied and the experts and job
providers will be chosen purposefully.

Rational of the study:

Unemployment problem in our country is increasing day by day. And the educated
unemployment issue is become more significant as the number of the graduate
students are increasing day by day. And finally the social science faculty students
are more sufferer from the unemployment problem because other faculty’s
students are interested to do job which are specifically define for the social science
faculty students for this reason the tension and challenge of the students of social
science is increasing to get a good job.
There are very few researches on the unemployment problem of the graduate
students of social science faculty. And which is most important to the identify the
root reason, by taking data from graduate students and employers, of this problem

20
and to find way to solve the problem by. Although there are some researches on
this topic but these are one sided research which were conducted only on the
students. But what the experts and job providers think about the unemployment
problem of the social science students are remain in dark. To enlighten this dark
sector and to find out the way to solve this gigantic problem this research will
certainly be helpful.

Chapter: 02 Body of the report:

Research methodology:
A research methodology can be called as the systematic way of conducting a
research that is including experiments, survey research, participant observation,
Appropriate and successful result of the research is based on a successful
methodology and secondary data. After selecting the issue or topic the next
important thing is to determine the method by which the research will be
conducted. Qualitative methods aim for a complete, detailed description of
observations, including the context of events and circumstances. The main focus of
this research is to find out the reasons behind the unemployment problem of the
social science faculty of the university Dhaka. So, for this paper I have chosen
qualitative method and phenomenological approach to get better insights of the
collected data and analyze them. The primary goal of this study is to find out
reasons behind the unemployment problem of the social science faculty of the
university Dhaka. The qualitative method will help improve the capacity of the
research.

Sources of data
As the key of focus of this study will be primary data and secondary data also have
been used in this study. primary and secondary sources were used to collect data.

21
  Primary Sources:

The key focus was to collect data from the students of social science faculty
what they think about the reasons behind the unemployment problem of the
social science faculty of the university Dhaka.

 Secondary Sources

Data was collected from relevant secondary sources such as various articles,
books, newspapers, study reports, monographs and internet about
unemployment problem of social science faculty. The varieties of
documents, reports, official notes so that the researcher can get the real and
valid information about the study.

Study area:
The study has been conducted in five different department of the social science
faculty of the university of Dhaka. These departments are economics, international
relation, political science, Department of Sociology, Department of Mass
Communication and Journalism. And Exim Bank and Ibne Sina Medical College and
two unemployment experts from the university of Dhaka.

Study population
The total population of the study was 10,000 from 16 departments of the university
of social science faculty.

Sampling
Sampling is the process of selecting a subject of individuals from a larger group of
individuals. The sample size in any sample interview is a key factor as the
constraints of time; budget and efforts generally do not allow all the possible
members of a population.
22
  Sampling method:

Respondent’s selection process through probable cluster random sampling

was made inclusive irrespective of class or caste so that conclusion reached
can be authentic. At first cluster sampling to pick 5 departments from the
social science faculty of the university of Dhaka. Than stratified random
sampling method was applied to identify if there any gender issue in the
unemployment problem of the graduate students of social science faculty of
university of Dhaka. And experts and employers were selected by purposeful
sampling method.

 Sampling Size:

A total number of 24 respondents have been surveyed for this study. The 20
respondents have been taken randomly and in an unbiased way. Beside the
students, I have interviewed 2 experts on unemployment and 2 employers
to validate the statements that are generated by the data collected from the
students through questionnaire.

Instrument of data collection:

Data for this research have been collected in two ways.

Questionnaire: The data was collected using survey questionnaires from the
students of University of Dhaka. The survey questionnaire contained around 15
questions; the questionnaire method was conducted by household drop off process
and the questions were open ended to have the maximum efficiency in data
analysis. The questionnaire began with warm up questions such as the
respondent’s Name, Age, Department, Year, and Sex which were followed by the
detailed and specific questions concerning the relationship between causes and
impacts of stress. The questionnaire ended with questions with feedback purposes
which would help me in the future while conducting survey questionnaire.

23
Interview:
Personal interview method has been applied to collect data from experts and
employers to get an insight of what they think about reasons behind the
unemployment problem of the social science faculty of the university Dhaka.

Fieldwork
The fieldwork was conducted by myself. I went and stood in different places of the
University and collected data through questionnaire from the students of five
departments including are department of economics, department of international
relation, department of political science, Department of Sociology, Department of
Mass Communication and Journalism as I took them by cluster sampling. The places
I visited includes, department of economics, department of international relation,
department of political science, Department of Sociology, Department of Mass
Communication and Journalism. For interview, I went to two experts, Rejaul Karim
Byron and Mohiuddin Alamgir journalist and researcher on unemployment issue in
Bangladesh. for interview I also went for interview to two employer md Aminul
Islam HR manager of Ibn Sina Mediacal College and Biniyamin Ahmend HR
manager of Exim Bank.. The experts and employers help me much by providing
information about the reasons behind the unemployment problem in Bangladesh.
My field experiences were mutually good and bad. I had a lot of trouble in getting
data from students because for some reasons they were unwilling to comply

Data processing:
Data processing is intermediary work between data collection and data analysis.
And for data processing there is specific procedure that were followed to complete
data processing.

24
Organizing data:
At first I organized the data into seven volumes, these are namely department of
economics volume, department of international relation volume, department of
political science volume, Department of Sociology volume, Department of Mass
Communication and Journalism volume, experts’ volume and employers’ volume.

Reading and memoing:

In this section I read all the volumes several times and memoing the important
quote.

Editing data;
In the editing section here data are checked for any faults and fragile. And editing
data was completed trough three components such as completeness, If there is any
uncompleted data that were completed, accuracy and uniformity, checking the
uniformity of the respondents’ answers.

Coding of the data; The data was coded under several quote under which all
the respondents answered in my research.

Code name
Educational system
Lack practical knowledge
Less job opportunity
Many population
Lack of relation between students and teachers
Lack of students efforts
Lack of skills

25
Analysis of the data:
The data was analyzed following some steps and these are as below Starting with
full description: At first I started research analyses process with full description list
of statement: after starting with full description I noted some important
statements of the respondents Bring out the meaning of the statements: after
noting the statement next step was to bring out the meaning of the statement
Analyzed the reasons of male and female respondents about the reasons behind
unemployment problem.

Limitations of the study:

As a new researcher I faced lots of difficulties and I have many limitations in this
research.
Not having full capacity:
I have not the capacity to cover all the departments of the social science faculty.
Though all the departments of the social science faculty were under my study area
but I could not reach them for lack of my capacity
Feeling uncomfortable while taking data:
I was feeling uncomfortable while I taking data from my respondents. As a new
researcher I have no previous experience how to behave while taking data from the
respondents
Uncompleted data form:
I received some data forms which was uncompleted. Some respondents were
unwilling to fill up all the questions of the questionnaire.

26
 Chapter:03 Results

Findings:
The study was intended to find out the reasons behind the unemployment problem
of the graduate students of the social science faculty of University of Dhaka. I have
come to a result on the basis of questionnaire survey and interviews. As I am
following phenomenological approach, participant ‘s or respondents‘ opinion was
my highest priority. According to my survey, 100% of the participants are students
of the social science faculty of University of Dhaka. Among 50 were male and the
rest of the 50% were female. Also, I have also taken questionnaires of the students
who are at least in third year so they have the minimum possibility to have some
sort of knowledge about unemployment problem of the graduate students of the
social science faculty of university of Dhaka. Besides, I have taken interviews of two
experts and two employers. In the questionnaire have tried to find out the result
through some questions like what students think about reasons behind the
unemployment problem of the university of Dhaka the a.

Questionnaire:
At first the findings of the questionnaire are given here.
To find out the reasons behind the reasons behind the unemployment problem of
the university of Dhaka at I questioned are they have the experience of
unemployment

Respondents having experience of Percentage

unemployment
Yes 70%
No 30%

this respondent’s ratio has been presented in pie chart below:

27
 respondents

non graduate
30%

graduate
70%

graduate non graduate

the main aim of the research was to know what people want to know about reasons
behind the unemployment problem of the university of Dhaka for that reasons I
asked them what they think about the reasons behind the unemployment problem
of the social science faculty of the university of Dhaka.

Opinion Percentage
Educational system 60%
Lack practical knowledge 70%
Less job opportunity 52%

Many population 20%

Lack of relation between students and 49%
teachers
Lack of students’ efforts 75%
Lack of skills 80%
zz 45%

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 Respondents' Percentage Regarding To Reasons
120

100

80

60

40

20

0
educational lack of less job Many Lack of Lack of Lack of skills politicization
system practical opportunity population relation students’
knowledge between efforts
students and
teachers

dpt PS dept IR dept S dept MCJ dept E

After collecting data, I got eight factors from my respondents. And I presented the
respondents ratio in relation to respective department. I calculated 25% for each
respondent’s response from respective department. as I took four respondents
form each department so If four out of four respondents responded to the same
factor that time it shows 100% , if three it shows 75% and if two it shows 50%.
For this question 60% of the students replied that they think educational system is
liable for the unemployment problem of the social science faculty of the university
of Dhaka. Except department of economics all other departments’ students think
their curriculum system should be changed. Lack of practical knowledge is another
bio product of educational system. 100% respondents of the department of
political science said that they do not adequate practical knowledge from
department which will make them beneficiary to get job. Half of the respondents
said that in our country there is not enough job opportunity. So that graduate
students have to suffer to get job. And other factors which many of the students
are agreed to make the graduate unemployed are lack of students’ effort and lack
of skills

29
 Now I will show by table the reasons what respondents expressed with percentage
ration of five different departments.
Educational system: most of the respondents expressed that educational system is
liable for the unemployment problem of the graduate students of social science
faculty of the university of Dhaka. In table it is shown the respondents opinion
regarding this factor in relation to their respective department.

Interviews: Now we will see the opinion of experts and employers.

They were asked what they think the reasons behind the unemployment of
graduate students of social science faculty of the university of Dhaka. They broadly
identified three reasons for the unemployment of graduate students of social
science faculty of the university of Dhaka. One is students are not attentive to
varsity education. Most of the students are not willing be attentive to their
academic education. They are tending to get a certificate but when they lack of
academic knowledge they to rush into gaining job related knowledge.
And the second factor is that they are not aware of preparing themselves to face
the unemployment problem. Most of the students are not aware to take
preparation to improve themselves to face unemployment problem. In first year
and second year they merely focus on improving themselves and in final they got
themselves unfit to fight against unemployment problem.
And third problem is lack government initiatives regarding unemployment problem
in the country. government is not only responsible to make job opportunity but
also they should provide training and offers skill development program.

Discussion:
From data we got total 11 factors for the unemployment of graduate students of
social science faculty of the university of Dhaka among these reasons eight from
students and three form experts and employers. Among the factors of students and

30
experts one factor is common and that is lack of skill of the graduate students to
get job.
Among eight factor political science’s and sociology’s respondents responded
largely to five factors and that are educational system, lack of practical knowledge,
lack of good relation between students and teachers, lack of skills and lack of
student’s efforts. All departments’ respondents think lack of student’s effort and
lack of skills are liable for the unemployment problem of the graduate students of
social science faculty of university of Dhaka.

Chapter:04

Summery and conclusion:

Unemployment problem in our country is not a new or very recent phenomenon

but recently the number of unemployed graduate students increasing
continuously. More than 47% of the graduate students are unemployed and this
rate is extreme in social science faculty. This research has been conducted to find
out what the students think about the reasons the unemployment of graduate
students of social science faculty of the university of Dhaka and what experts and
employer and job provider think. We got 11 factors for the unemployment of
graduate students of social science faculty of the university of Dhaka and these are
Educational system Lack practical knowledge Less job opportunity Many
population Lack of relation between students and teachers Lack of students’ efforts
Lack of skills politicization.
And the experts and employer find out three problems that are lack of being
attentive to academic study of students. Lack preparation to face unemployment
and lack of government initiatives. If these factors are been solved the
unemployment problem of the social science faculty of the university of Dhaka will
swept away.

31
Recommendation:
There are some recommendation to solve the unemployment problem of the social
science faculty of the university of Dhaka

 Improve Educational system in the social science faculty.

 Provide practical knowledge which will help to get job from job market
 Increase job opportunity for the graduate students.
 Utilization of population. Government should not consider the amount of
population as Barden but government should consider it the potentials of
future.
 Creating good relation between students and teachers.
 Increase good students’ efforts: students should increase their effort to
make them prepared to face job challenge
 Developing student’s skills: students should develop their language skills,
communication skill and other necessary skills
 Controlling politicization: government should check the politicization
 lack of being attentive to academic study of student: students should be
attentive to their academic knowledge
 Lack preparation to face unemployment: students shout make themselves
prepare for fighting unemployment problem
 lack of government initiatives: government should take necessary steps to
down the unemployment rate of graduate students

32
 Chpter: 05

Bibliography

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Sustainable Development, 5(1), Pp.15-21.
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Jagannath University

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Ghana: Possible Case Of Poor Response Of University Programs To The Demands Of The
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Gore, S. (1978). “The Effect Of Social Support In Moderating The Health Consequences
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Unemployment In The Context Of Skills Shortages Education And Training; Findings
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 Mahmud H ( 2017) “Employment_And_Unemployment_Situation_In Bangladesh”.

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 Mncayi P (2018) “ An Analysis Of The Perceptions Of Graduate Unemployment Among
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34
 Chapter: 06

Appendix:

Unemployment Problem Of The The Graduate Students Of Social Science Faculty

Of University Of Dhaka: Reality And Perception
Research questionnaire:

I am a student of 6th Semester in Department of Public Administration, University of Dhaka. I request

you to help me collect some information. Your information will be used only for my academic purpose.
Any kind of cooperation will be highly appreciated.
Research questionnaire:

1. What is your name

2. What is your department?
3. What is your gender?
4. What is your profession?
5. Do you have any experience of unemployment?
6. Are you satisfied with national education system?
7. What type of skills do the students of social science faculty students lack in?
8. What do you think about student’s politics? Does this impact on the unemployment problem?
9. What do you think about the unemployment problem of social science faculty?
10. What steps should be taken by the government to solve this problem?
11. What steps should be taken by the private sector to solve this problem?
12. What changes should be introduced in the national education system?
13. What do you think about the unemployment stipend? Does this reduce the unemployment
problem?
14. How government should handle surplus graduate students?
15. Are the students of social science faculty being aware of the unemployment problem?

Interview questions
I am a student of 6th Semester in Department of Public Administration, University of Dhaka. I request
you to help me collect some information. Your information will be used only for my academic purpose.
Any kind of cooperation will be highly appreciated.

1. What is your name

2. What is your department?
3. What is your gender?
4. What is your profession?

35
 5. What do you think about Unemployment Problem Of The The Graduate Students Of Social
Science Faculty Of University Of Dhaka?
6. What are the man reasons behind this problems
7. What kind steps should be taken regarding to solve this problem

Technical Details on Sampling Plan

Study Area: social science faculty, University of Dhaka.

Unit of Analysis: Unit of analysis each student of five departments social science faculty of
University of dhaka.

Population: The population of my study is the all who graduated from social science faculty from
the establishment of this faculy. It is impossible to access all graduate students of social science faculty
so I took five department by cluster random sampling method.

Sample Size: So, the sample size is 24.

Sampling: at first cluster random sampling was applied to choose departments for my sample then
stratified random sampling was applied to collect respondents from this five departments and
purposing sampling method was applied to collect respondents of experts and employers

Interview: I have also conducted interviews with two experts two experts, Rejaul Karim
Byron and Mohiuddin Alamgir journalist and researcher on unemployment issue in Bangladesh
and two employer md Aminul Islam HR manager of Ibn Sina Mediacal College and Biniyamin
Ahmend HR manager of Exim Bank.

36