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Precipitation titration
based on reactions that yield ionic compounds of limited
solubility.
Argentometric Titrations
Uses silver nitrate as precipitating reagent in the
determination of the halogens, the halogen-like anions,
mercaptans, fatty acids, and several divalent inorganic
anions
Titration Curves for a Single Ion
derived in a way consist of a plot of pAg
analogous to the methods versus volume of the silver
for titration involving reagent (usually AgNO3)
strong acids and strong
bases
• solubility product (Ksp) of the titration product affects the sharpness of the end
point of titration experiments
• ions forming precipitates with solubility products much larger than about 10-10
do not yield satisfactory end points.
Titration Curves
Effect of Reaction Completeness on Titration Curves
Titration Curves
End Points for Argentometric Titrations:
1. Chemical
Chemical indicators produce a color change or
occasionally the appearance or disappearance of
turbidity in the solution being titrated
2. Potentiometric
the potential difference between a silver
electrode and a reference electrode is measured
as a function of titrant volume
3. Amperometric
the current generated between a pair of silver
electrodes is measured and plotted as a function
of titrant volume
Titration Curves
Requirements for an
indicator for a
precipitation titration:
Cl Cl
CO2-
Dichlorofluorescein
green in solution but pink when adsorbed on
AgCl
Fajans Titration
Titration of AgNO3 with neutral solution of AgCl in the presence of fluorescein dye
(yellow):
1. At the start of the titration, AgCl is precipitated in the presence of excess silver.
2. AgCl adsorbed silver ions: (AgCl)Ag+ + NO3-
3. adsorbed silver ions unite with fluoresceinate ions forming reddish pink
compound
4. When equivalence is overstepped, the precipitate is in excess chloride, silver is
precipitated as AgCl and precipitate adsorbed chloride ion: (AgCl)Cl- + Na+
5. Fluorescienate ions are liberated and forms back the fluorescein (yellow)
6. Transition of reddish pink to yellow is taken as the endpoint