uPVC PENSTOCK LOSSES & THICKNESS CALCULATION

SITE NAME Sample

Quantity Symbol Unit

PENSTOCK LOSS CALCULATIONS
Input Data
Flow Q 70 l/s
Gross head Hg 22 m
Penstock length L 60 m
Penstock internal diameter d 190 mm
Calculations
 Q
Velocity in penstock V =1273
, ⋅ 2 = 2.47 m/s
d 
 V 2 . L 1
H f = 12 ⋅ 8 ×  × 2 =
 d    
Friction head loss in penstock m  log 1 1 1.46 m
+ 
  370d (93 ⋅ 8 V .d ) 0⋅9 
  
Net head at end of penstock Hn = Hg − Hf = 20.5 m
Hn
η pen = × 100 =
Penstock efficiency Hg 93.3 %

PENSTOCK THICKNESS CALCULATIONS

Input Data
Penstock thickness t 4.7 mm
% of flow stopped z 50 %
Valve closure time Tclose 0.1 s
Overall safety factor SFtot 3
Calculations
2 ⋅ 8 × 10 6 . t
Wave velocity in penstock Vwave = = 259 m/s
(1⋅ 33 t + d )
2L
Penstock critical time Tcrit = = 0.46 s
V wave
V . z.V
Surge head for Tclose ≤ Tcrit H surge = wave = 32.6 m
980
OR
2
 L. z .V 
For Tclose ≥ Tcrit K c =   = 11.8
 980 H g . Tclose 
K K2 
Surge head for Tclose ≥ Tcrit Hsurge = Hg . c + Kc + c  = - m
 2 4 
Total head at surge H to t = H su rg e + H g = 54.6 m
H . d . SFtot
t req = tot =
Required penstock thickness 5,710 5.45 mm

hydro spec/ibex/version: pen.2feb98 PENPVC 1

 Values of Constants Used
Gravity g 9.8 m/s
Bulk modulus of water Kw 2.1 kN/mm2
Density of water ro 1000 kg/m3
Kinematic viscosity of water (5°C) nu 1.53 cSt
Penstock roughness coefficient k 0.01 mm 2
Penstock Young's Modulus Ep 2.8 kN/mm
Penstock UTS σult 28 N/mm2

hydro spec/ibex/version: pen.2feb98 PENPVC 2