English Proto-Celtic Word List

English ― Proto-Celtic
English Proto-Celtic
(*curly) hair *gourjo-

(be) quiet *tauso-
(be)for(e) *φari(-)kʷenn-ī
(good) omen *kailā- (??)
(hind)quarter (?) *kʷetr-anī(-) (?)
(night)mare *moro-
(on) the day after tomorrow *trimo-dijo- (?)
(out) of *sā- (??)
(sea-)harbour *kaφno-
(shining?) *Alauno-
(the) one (who(m)) *sālV-
(verbal noun ending) *-ī-mā-
(water?) snake *natrik-
(who/what)soever *kʷinnako- (??)
(young) animal *lutno- (?)
*battle-leader *ioudo-walo-
*border *roi-no-
*coastland *φlitawjā-
*cut (?) *skanto-; *sken-tr-
*having no clan *an-kʷlanno- (?)
*heap (?) *tus-tV- (Gall., B), *teus-t- (W, B)
*run *-reto-
*story (kastu-)
*taking *nomo- (or ghost??)
12 June 2002 Page 1 of 145

? *breuko-
? *kid-e/o- (?)
? *werbā-
± Britanny *φari-morikā-
a kind of axe *nedimo- (?)
a kind of fish *ateli- (???)
a kind of malt *draskā- (?)
a kind of metre *kom-kan-jā-
a kind of tree *krobjo-
a third *trijano- (?)
abode *trīko-
abundance *wolgo- (?)
abundant *dī-gand-īko-
according to *φari-wid-V
accuse *kom-soud-e/o- (?)
achieve *said- (??)
acorn *messu-
action, deed *waxto-ratā- (?)
additional name *wor-anman-
additional work *wor-od-ber-o-
adhere *glinā-
adjacent island *φrāk-initsV- (?)
admit, confess *ad-dam-e/o-
advice *kom-kor-o-
afraid *obn-āko-
again *ati-
12 June 2002 Page 2 of 145

again *ati-exs-reg-e/o-
against *ande-
against *writ(i)
age *aiwestu-
age *aiwito-
age *saitlo-
agile *ambi-skamno- (?)
agile *kallo-
agile *su-reti-
agitate *ambi-φleud-je/o- (?)
agony *glaistā- (?)
agriculture *aro-
ahead (?) *(?) φrāko-
air *weto-
alas *wai (?)
alder *alisā
alder *roummi-
alder *werno-, *wernā-
ale-house *kurmi-tegos-
all *oljo-
all *sollo-
all, every *kʷākʷo-
allow *dam-je/o-
Alps *Albeies (??)
also *semiti-
although *kei, *ki (?)
12 June 2002 Page 3 of 145

amber *webru-
amount *ambito- (?)
and *kʷe
and, but, also ?
anger *baran-
anger *barjo- (?)
anger *kādo(s)-
anger *kuno-darijā- (?)
anger *lūto-
anger *wergā-
anger *wi-s- (??)
angry *blungo- (?)
angry *dīko-
angry *kād-at-īko- (?)
angry, hostile *φikto-
anguish *angu- (?)
animal *mīlo-
animal *ruppo- (?)
ankle *sφeret-
answer *ati-skʷā-
answer ?
ant *morw-
anus *ānjā-
anus *ribrā-
anus *tuknā-, *tūkno-
anus, rectum *kuzdro-
12 June 2002 Page 4 of 145

anvil *ande-bni- (?)

anvil *andiwan- (??)
anxiety *ambi-kel-jo- (?)
appease *tu-soud-e/o- (?)
apple *aballo-
apple *abalo-
apple-orchard *aballon-
approach *kerk- (??)
ardour *brutu-
ardour *grat-jo-
arm *aramo-
arm *dous-
Armorica *φlitawjā-
armoured gladiator *kruppelo- (??)
armpit *katsal-ī-, -o- (?)
army *korjo-
army *slougo-
arrange, notice *mert-
arrangement *φlātro-
arrive, happen *swar-e/o- (?)
article *sindo-, *-ā-
artist *sa(φ?)iro-
as *ken (??)
as *samalV-
as *sweswe (?)
as far as *kom-sit-ouno- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 5 of 145

as far as ?
ash *onno-
ash *φoulwan- (?)
ashes *loutwi-
ask (*gʷed-)
ask (*φerk-, φrek-)
ask *āl-je/o-
ask *beg-e/o-, *bex-ske/o- (??)
ask *gʷed-je/o-
ask *kom-φar(x)-ske/o-
ask *tek-e/o-
ask *wo-menndh-e/o- (?)
ask *writ-kom-φar(x)-ske/o-
ask *φarsk-e/o-
ask *φeri-jāl-āje/o-
aspen *aittVlinā- (??)
assemble *kom-datl-āje/o-
assembly *datlu- (?)
assembly *φari-xtā- (??)
assembly(-hall) *datlo-tegos-
attach *tu-dī-mi-na-
attaching *(ande-)stād-(ī-tu-?)
attain *kaφ-e/o-
augur *kailjāko- (?)
aunt *mātṛkʷā-
authority (?) *φro-sed-o- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 6 of 145

autumn (*before winter) *kento-gijamo-

autumn (*bellowing of stags) *sido-bremo-
avoid *Wo-xel- (PBr.) < PCl. *?
awake *dī-suφn-āje/o-
away *awa- / *au?
awl *minaweto- (, -ī-) (?)
awl *taratro-
axe *bejali-
axe *tougā-
axe *tkslo-
axillary yoke *kasegilo- jugo- (??)
axis *aksi-
axle *aksilā-
babbler - (LW < Lat.)
baby *makʷ(kʷ)-agno-
back *dru(t)sman- (?)
back *kebno-
back *kegino- (??)
back *kūlo-
back, belly *tarxsā- (?)
back, skin *krokkenno-
back, skin *krokno-
backwards *sw(φ)oino- (??)
bacon *saldi-
bad *druko-
bad *elko- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 7 of 145

bad *wallo-
bad *waxto- (??)
bad reputation *druko-garjo-
badger *brokko-
bag *bolgo-
bait *lixto-
bake *krast-āje/o- (?)
baker *kʷokʷ-er- (?)
bakery *kʷokʷo-tegos-
bald *mai-lo-
bald *mailo-
bald *φari-moilo-
baldness *mailjā-
ball *glāwo- (?)
ball of yarn *kartiljā- (?)
ban *banno- (LW??)
band *rego- (??)
band, army *budīnā- (?)
band, host, family *kordā-
bank *or-iro- (??)
bank *oro-
banner *mergjā- (?)
bard *bardo-
bare, bald *lomb(a)ro- (?)
bare, naked *lummo-
bark (kom-)sart-e/o- (??)-
12 June 2002 Page 8 of 145

bark *rūsko-
barnacle goose *geg(u)rannā- (?)
basket *korajet- (?)
basket *krīφo- (??)
basket *meistV- (??) (LW?)
basket, hurdle *kistā-
bath *lowatro-
bath *uφo-tronketu- (?)
bathe *bād-je/o-
bathe *trokk-
battle *gliwo-
battle *kom-bāgo-
battle *kom-bī-to- (?)
battle *kom-katu-
battle *tretso- (?)
battle-field *agro-magos-
battle-hero *katu-wiro-
battle-host *katu-slougo-
battlehound *agro-kū
battle-king *katu-rīgjā- (?)
battle-lord *katu-walo-
be *bewa-, bū-
be *bwā-
be *ei-
be *es-
be able *gal-ne/o-
12 June 2002 Page 9 of 145

be able *med-e/o- (?)

be able *swent-e/o- (?)
be dark (*teme-)
be empty (*wak-)
be powerful (wala-)*
be sharp (*ak-)
be stiff (*ster-)
be strong (*dewa-)
be strong (*kewa-, *kū-)
be useful (*bawa- (?))
be warm (*kela- (?))
be, stay (*wes-)
bear *arto-
bear *matu-
bear (child) *gan-je/o-
beard *grandā- (?)
beard *φuluko- (?)
beat (*kewa-)
beat *durn-āje/o-
beat *koudo-
beat violently *φlang-se/o-
beautiful *ad-/φari-jūn- (?)
beautiful *kaini-
beautiful *kouno-
beautiful *mik-ro-
beautiful *su-kʷritu-
12 June 2002 Page 10 of 145

beauty *skeimā-
beaver *bebro-
beaver, dwarf *abanko-
because of *φeri
beckon *ambi-nat-je/o- (?)
become pale *glast-āje/o-
bed *leg-jo-
bed *legos-
bed *lexto-
bed *wo-leg-jo-
bedfellow *kom-wo-lig(j)o- (?)
bee *beko-
bee (*stinger) *wan-injo-
beech *bāgos
beer *kurmen- (?)
beetle *dwoilo- (?)
beetle *swīlā- (?)
before *ate-gnatV (??)
before *φar(a)
before *φrimo- (?)
before (Br. king) *φreimo-
beforehand *φarostāti- (?)
beg for *ari-mi-n-dn-e/o- (?)
begin ?
beginning of summer *kintu-samīno-
behead *dī-kʷenn-e/o- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 11 of 145

being *buti-
belief *kred(d)-ā-
belief *φari-sestā-
believe *kred-dī-
bell *klukko-, klukkā-
bellows *makīnā-
bell-tower *klukko-tegos-
bell-tower *klukko-tegos-
belly *brun- (??)
belt *krisso-
belt *wrak-istu- (?)
bend *lak-ā-
bend *stoummā-
bend *wekk- (?)
bend down *(exs-)stong-e/o- (?)
bend in a river *kamb-atsu-
benefit *su-koro-
bent *anko-
berries *smijaro- (?)
berry *derkos-
berry *kairā-
besides *exstero-
besides *sekʷos
betony (Stachys betonica) *dant-āko-
better *wello-
between *enter
12 June 2002 Page 12 of 145

bewilderment *an-dī-mik-et-o- (?)

beyond *φeri-
beyond, also *eti
beyond; says *ol- (??)
bier *gelorā- (?)
big *maginjāko- (Ir.), *magino- (G.)
big *magjo-
big vessel *gri/ennā- (PBr.) (?)
bilberries *louts-ā- (?)
billhook *ser(φ)-ro-
bill-hook *widu-bijo- (?)
bind (*ned-)
bind (*snad-)
bind (*wed-)
bind *dam-n-a-
bind *kulVm-āje/o- (?)
bind *nad-ske/o-
bind *rig-e/o- (?)
bind *φoklo-
binding *lekkā- (??)
birch *betwā-
bird *alaudā- ?
bird *φetno-
bird *φetro-
birth *britu- (?)
birth *geno-, genjo-
12 June 2002 Page 13 of 145

birth *sutu-; su-kā

birthpangs *φidon-
bite *bos(s)man- (?)
bite *en-brexto-
bite *gresman- (?)
bite *knā-je/o-
bite *tand(s)man-
bitter *gorsti- (?)
bitter *swerwo-
bittern *bunno-
bitterness *swerwjā-
black *luko-
blackberry *dress- (?)
blackbird *meisalko-
blackness *dubjā-
blackthorn *dragino-, -ā-
blame (*leid-)
blame *karjā-
blame *kʷin-u- (?)
blame *lok- (?)
blameless *dī-nammo- (??)
blanket-like garment *ka/inteklV- (??)
blind *ando-, *ondjo- ?
blind *dwallo-
blister *werbā- (?)
blood *kruwos- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 14 of 145

blood *waito-
blood pudding *wait-āk-injā-
bloody (*krewa-)
blot, erasure *linom (?)
blow (*wī-)
blow *swit-e/o- (?)
blue thing (?) *glasīnā- (?)
blunt, short *mutt-
boar *basedo- (??)
boar (pig) *turko-
boardgame *widu-kʷeillā- (??)
boar-spear *sukko-wo-gaiso- (?)
boat *kukko- (?)
boat *kuruko-
boat (made from bark) *luxtaro- (?)
boat?? *kʷonton- (?)
bog *gron(s)nā- (?)
bog *maukni- (??)
bog *mūkVno-
bog *φanā-
boil *berw-o-
boil *brenn(j)e/o- (?)
bold *trexsno-
bone *askorno-
bone *knāmi-
book *bargo- (LW?)
12 June 2002 Page 15 of 145

booty of weapons *wodwo-

border *krīkʷā-
border *mrogi-
border sign *mitastu- (?)
bore (*neg- (?))
bore (*tera-)
bore *treid- (?)
borer *akwīl(l)o- (?)
bosom *askrijā- (??)
bottom *wail-ot- (?)
bow (*le(n)k- (?))
bow (*nem-)
bow (*wag-)
box *kappo-
brag, boast *ande-blād-je/o-
bragget *brak-āto-
brain *eni-kʷenni-
brambles *drits-i- (?)
branch *gabalu- (?)
branch *kankī-
branch *wriskī- (?)
brass *elVt-n- (?)
brave *dreuto- (/drouto-)
brave *katarno-
brave, splendid *dego-wiro- (?)
bread *ar(-akno)-
12 June 2002 Page 16 of 145

bread *φani-
break (*bris-)
break (*drus-)
break *blad-e/o- (?!?)
break *breg- (?)
break *brist-e/o- (?)
break *brū-wāje/o- (?)
break *bung-e/o-
break *mad-je/o- (?) (sic)
break *torx-s-e/o-
break in pieces *darn-āje/o-
break wind *brag-e/o-
breast *brondjo-, brondā- (or -u- (?))
breast *φuxtu-
breath *anatlā-
breath *atkā-
breath *awelo-
breath *sφuφnā- (???)
breathe (*ana-)
breathe (*sφes- (??))
breathe (?) (*dū-)
bridge *brīwā- (?)
bridle *glomaro-
bright *belo-, beleno- (?)
bright *jes-t-īn-o- (?)
bright *luko-
12 June 2002 Page 17 of 145

bright *tu-ati-ganī- (?)

bright *φlandi- (?)
bright? *reilo-
brine *sal-ī-
bring *brunk-e/o- (?)
bring *duk-e/o-
bring *nan(n)k-e/o-
bring along *kom-wed-e/o-
bring forward (*φera-)
bristle *wrikku- (??)
Britain *Albion-
brood *φaglo-
brood *φesalo- ?
broom-coloured *banatl-āko-
broth *(φ?)littjon-
broth *juto- (??)
brother *brātīr
brow *bruwi- (?)
brow *malag- (?)
brown *dunno-
buck *agīko-
buck *agos- (Ir.), *ag-l- (W)
buck *bukko-
buds *bakl- (??)
build (*dema-)
building *egl-jā- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 18 of 145

bull *ander-īko-
bull *ot-jon- (?)
bull *tarwo-
bundle *dra(g)smo- (-ā-?)
bundle *grendjo- (?)
bur *dog-jo- (?)
burden *baskjā- (?)
burden *baskjo- (Br.), *basko- (Ir.)
burden *berto-
burden *kuφlā- (???)
burial mound *wert-jo-
burn (*id-)
burn (*kend-)
burn (*teφ-)
burn *daw-je/o-
burn *kond-(ei)e/o- (?)
burn *lo(x)-ske/o- (?)
burn *lo(x)-sk-o- (?)
burn *wo-losk-e/o- (?)
burnt; burning *lo(x)-sk-et-īko- (?)
bury *ande-klad-e/o-
bury *φell-
bush *(s)tombo-
bush *weido-gwalo- (?)
bush, hedge *kʷerkʷ-t- (?)
but *sakenV (??)
12 June 2002 Page 19 of 145

butter *amban-
buttocks (/rump) *getto- (*gesdo- ??)
buy (*kʷera-)
buy *kʷrina-
buy back *tu-ati-kʷrina-
buzz *swer-njo- (?)
by *φari-
cake, bread *bargo-, barginā-
calendar of religious festivals *weil-er-jo- (?)
calf *loigo- (??)
call *gal-e/o- (?), *gal-we/o-
call *gar(s)man-
call *gāri-
caltrop (*seed of battle) *katu-sīl-V-
calving *al-ā-
cane *kāno-, konnallo- (?) < Lat.
cape *(φ)rind-o- (?)
cape *kʷenno-rindo- (?)
captivity *kaxto-nāto-
car *karro-
car *kʷol-ō
care *maro- (??)
care *wo-kom-sreto- (??)
care for *u(φ)o-kel-e/o-
care? *kʷritero- (?)
carpenter's tool *kantairV- (??)
12 June 2002 Page 20 of 145

carry *ber-e/o-
carry *uφo-ber-e/o-
carrying *gestu- (?)
carted manure *karro-talī- (?)
carve *snad-e/o- (?)
carving; carved *nad-o-
cat *katto-, *kattā-
catapult *blībo-
cattle *bousso-
cattle *wor-tek-o- (?)
cattle *φ(e)ku
caught, servant *kaxto-
causeway *starno-
cave *augā-
cave *lonko- (?)
cave *wo-kubā-
cave *wo-kumā- (?)
ceremony *demātā- (?)
chaff *muldo- (???)
chain *ad-rigo- (Ir., Br.), *ad-reigo- (W)
chain *bragi-
chain *gemelo- (?)
chain *kom-rigo-
chain *kom-rigo- (Ir., B), *kom-reigo- (W)
chain *sīmo- (?)
chain *sīnu- / -o- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 21 of 145

chain *weiman-
chain, band *reig-sman (W), *roig-sman (B)
chalk *ai(d)-lo- (?)
change *kambjo-
change, exchange *new-īto- (?)
chariot *en-sedo-
chariot-warrior *erret- (?)
chase *tarb-e/o-
chaste *wei(φ?)lo- (?)
cheek *aili-
cheek *bukkā- (< Lat.?)
cheek *leto-kʷenno-
cheek *likkon- (?)
chew (*ma(n)d- (?))
chicken *jaro- (?)
chicken *k(ʷ)erk(ʷ)ā-
chieftain *wo-sal-jaxto- (?)
chilblain *malasdr-ī- (???)
child *genti- (?)
childbed *wo-legjo-butā- (qPCl.)
childless *an-makʷo-
chin *alikettā- (??)
chin *smekā-
chin, cheek *groudos-
chirping *gro- (??)
choice *dī-gustu-
12 June 2002 Page 22 of 145

choice *tu-gustu-
choose (*wel-)
choose *dī-exs-glend-e/o-
choose *gus-
choose *gust-(e)je/o- (?)
choose *rog-
choose *tu-gus-e/o-
churn *boud-ajā- (?)
circle *kerk-injo-
circle *kerkinn- (?)
circle *kuro- (?)
civilised *gworo-
clamour *der-der-je/o-
claw *krobV- (??)
clay *kʷreid-, *kʷrīd- (?)
clean *glano-
clean *kart-āje/o-
clean *kīro-
clean *nixto-
cleaning (noun) *φūnakā-
clear *gleino-
clear *glouro- (?!?)
clear *gnā-wo- (?)
clear *kʷebro- (??)
clear *regli-
clear *swalnestu- (??)
12 June 2002 Page 23 of 145

clear *φari-derk-i-
clear (?) *kragi- (??)
clearing *jalo-
clearing *land-erkā- (??)
cleft *bulko-, -ā-
cleft, rift *bernā- (?)
clever *glikki- (?)
climb *drang- (??)
climb up *exs-reg-e/o-
cloak *bratto- (?)
cloak *tonakā- (?)
cloak *φlinnā-
close *klāw-je/o- (?)
close *kom-akusā- (?)
cloth *bretto- (?)
clothe *ambi-tog-
clothe *φen- (?)
clothes *dī-(?)
clothes *warto-
clothes *wīs-kā- < PIE *ēs-kā-
clothes (gown) *uφo-ouno- (?)
cloud *moudo-
cloud *neglo- (??)
clover *malxjon- (?)
coal *(φ)riketti- (???)
coal *glouwo- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 24 of 145

coal *goglo-
coarse woollen blanket or mantle *sago-
cock *kaljāko-
cockle *krokenā-
cold *ande-wit-o- (??)
cold *ouxto-
cold *Vuro-, *airo- (???)
cold *egino- (?)
colour *līwo(s)-
colourful *mrixto-
colourfully flecked *mrikko-
coltsfoot *alanno-
comb *kī(n)srā-
comb, card *krīkʷ-āje/o- (?)
come *tu-ag-e/o-
come *tu-ag-e/o-
come *tu-ret-e/o-
come from *sam-bū-
come to life again *ati-biw-
comfort (?) *dī-don-a- (?)
command *wor-kom-mendn-o- (?)
common *dīs-kiro- (??)
common borage *glatsino-
community *kom-buti-
companion *keiljo-
company *kom-mannV- (??)
12 June 2002 Page 25 of 145

company *kom-wex-tijo- (?)

compassionate *trougo-karo-
complete *leiri- (?)
completely *sindV kowokantV (?)
completely naked *ambi-noxto-
conceal *kel-e/o-
concealment *koud-jato- (?)
concealment *koudo-
concubine *φarikā- (?)
conference *kom-datlā-
conference *kom-labaro-
conflict *kom-snīmo- (?)
conflict? *tu-φari-mi(x)-sk-o-
confluence *kom-bero-
confusion *mrixto-reto-
congeal *brisk-
congealed *tenk-to- / *tank-to- (?)
consider *wo-kʷeislā-je/o-
consider, look after *kʷrit-er-āje/o- (?)
consideration *kom-kʷeislā-
contract *ambi-buti-
conversation *kansti-
conversation *kom-rādo-
conversation *kom-φro-dano- (?)
cook *ber-wa/o-
cook *kʷekʷ-
12 June 2002 Page 26 of 145

cooked meat *wo-luxtu- (?)

cooked, hot *kʷekʷ-to-
copper *omjo- (?)
copse *kʷrestjo-
copulate *rīt-i-je/o-
cord *segno- (?)
cordial, generous *sag-elo- (?)
corner *kurro- < *kurso- (?)
corner, recess *kūlī- (?)
cough *kʷasto-
count *rīme/o- (?)
counter-strike *φrit-gʷani- (?)
counter-swear *writ-tung-e/o-
country name *Brittā-
cover *(kom-)tou(V)to-
cover *kombo-
cover *teg-e/o- (?)
cover *tog-eje/o-
cover *togo-, etc.
cover *wali- (?)
cover *wo-log-o-
cover *wor-tog(j)o-
cow *bou-
cow *bou-φku- (?)
cow *damo-
coward *ati-wiro-
12 June 2002 Page 27 of 145

coward *lubro-
cow-pen *bou-gorto- (?)
cow-shackle *bou-rigo- (?)
cow-stable *bou-tegos-
crab *krankko- (??)
craft *kerdā-
crane *garanu- (-o-?)
crawl *sel-e/o-
crawl *slikʷ-e/o- (?)
cream *soimeno- (?)
crooked *kambo-
crooked *krumbo-
crooked *kukro- (or *kVuro-(?))
crooked *weiro-
crop, produce *knuto-
cross *lei-ko-
crossing *φritu-
crow *ennākā- (?)
crow *grawV-
crow *krowo- (?)
crow *sφrawā-
crow *tetrVrjā- (?)
crown (St.: diadem, wreath) *mindi- (/*mendi-?)
crust *krauφennā- (?)
cry *brexsmi- (??)
cry *eig- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 28 of 145

cry *gri-tu-
cry *kei-e/o- (?)
cry *koin-je/o-, *kein- (?)
cry *krigā-
cry *nouslo- (?)
cry *rekman- (?)
cry *skrizdā-
cry *waidu- (?)
cuckoo *kouko-, kukā-
cultivated (*ploughed) land *φolkā-
cunning *kelgā-
curds *grutu-
curl *krikso- (?!?)
curly *krikso-
curve *worko- (??)
custom *beisso- (?)
custom *nomso-
cut *ati-ben-a-
cut *kerbbo- (?)
cut *ske(i)-je/o- (?)
cut *skrits-e/o-
cut *skut-ā-
cut *tamna-(j)e/o-
cut *tend-e/o- (?)
cut *truk-s-e/o-
cut down *kom-bi-n-a-
12 June 2002 Page 29 of 145

cut, bite *tu-exs-sek-e/o-

damage *ari-kom-wed-e/o-
damage *koldo-
danger, illness *gustu-
dare *(t)lam-je/o- (?)
dare *bedg- (???) < *besg-???
dark (*akʷ-)
dark *an-drixtā-
dark *gor(s)mo-
dark *mutro-
dark *temeno-
dark blue *dubo-glasto-
dark brown *keiro-
dark, black *dubu-
darkness *grVu(s)man-
darkness *temelo- (?)
daughter *eni-genā- (?)
daughter *genet(t)ā-
daughter *merkā-
daughter-in-law *wo-sed-ī-
daughter-in-law *wo-wādu- (??)
dawn *bārego- (??)
dawn *wāsri-
day *din-
day *diwjo- (?)
day *diwo-
12 June 2002 Page 30 of 145

day *lat-
dead *marwo-
deaf *budaro- (?)
dear *dreuto- / *drouto-, *drūto-
dear *karo- (?)
dear *koimo-
dear *su-kar-o-
death *(uxs-)sterb-
death *anku-
death *bato-
death *belatu-
death *dīto-
death *kel(j)o- (?)
death *lexto-
death *melgo-
debt *weiko-
decay *mrato-
deceit *dī-berg-o-
deceit *mrato-
deceit *teillo- (?)
deceit *welo-, wello-
deceive (*wel(a)- (?))
deceive *lug-
deception *kloφni- 2
deception *mangā-
decorate (*kad-)
12 June 2002 Page 31 of 145

decorated *kadro-
deep *dubno-, *dubni-
deer *dan-ī- (??)
deer *el-lant-ī- (?), *el-an-ī
deer *jurko- / *jorko- (?)
deer *karwo-
defame *kā(k)n-je/o- (?)
defecate *kakk-āje/o-
defence *φar(i)-??nekʷo-
defend *aw-je/o- (?)
defend *dī-exs-ber-e/o-
defend *tū-(tu-)
degrees of consanguinity *axsā- (??)
deictic particle *ī
dem pronoun *se-, *so-
dem pronoun *sjo- (??)
dem pronoun *sou-(no-)
denial *wot-o- (?)
deny *wot-(ej)e/o- (?)
deposit *ati-nu- (??)
depraved *mallo-
deprive *dī-ad-ber-e/o-
depth *ati-/ari-sweitsV- (??)
depth *dubno-tero-
descendant *-gno-
descendant *trog-o- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 32 of 145

descendant, child *-agno-

descendants *kʷlan(n)tā- (?)
desert *dī-trebo-
deserve *dlig-e/o-
deserve *ell-je/o- (?)
deserve *tu-(φro-)slī-je/o-
deserve *tu-(φro-)slī-je/o-
desire (*swad- (?))
desire *baisto- (?)
desire *klanī- (?)
desire *uφo-menāko-
desire, enjoyment *meino-
desirous, eager *swant-āko-
despise *dī-ro-mik-e/o-
destroy *dī-bag-sage/o- (?)
destruction *koll-at-īk-axtā-
detach (*men-)
detach *skart-āje/o-
dew *wlix-to/i-
die (*bela-)
die *ad-bal-e/o-
die *ba-e/o-
die *bal-e/o-, bal-le/o- [sic]
die *tam-e/o-
die away *de-da-
dig (*reu-)
12 June 2002 Page 33 of 145

dig *klad-je/o-
dig *kʷal-e/o-
dim *demi-
dirt *lowano- (?)
dirt *mudso- (?)
dirt *salwo-
dirt *smalo-
dirt; anger *brokkV- / *brukko-, -ā- (?)
dirty (*mewa-)
dirty *s(φ??)urbo-
dirty *sal-āko-
dirty *salos- (?)
dirty (?) *bautro- (?)
disappear *(t)lob- (??)
disappear *swend- (?)
disappear *ten-we/o-
disarranged *an-kom-wari- (?)
disgust *grgni- (?)
disgust *litsu-
dishonour *meblo-
disposition, temperament *danto-
distaff *kokalī- (?)
distributing *-danos
ditch *klādo-
ditch *klado-, klādo-
dive *sād-eje/o- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 34 of 145

diver (cormorant) *mori-brano- (sic?)

division *kom-randā- (?)
do *wrag-ā- (?)
dock plant (Rumex sp.) *tawālo-
doctor *lī(φ)agi- (??)
dog *kwū, *kun-
dog-head *kuno-kʷenno-
dolphin (*sea-pig) *mori-mukko-
dolphin (*sea-pig) *mori-sukkā-
door *durā-
door *uφer-dworestu- (,-ustu- ?)
door *wor-dworutsā- (?)
door, gate *dworestu- (?)
double *dwei-φlo-
dough *taisto-
dove *kolombo- (or < Lat.?)
dowry *ari-kom-brou- (?)
drag *lou-sk-e/o- (?)
dragging *lousk-o-
dream *broxd-īti- (Br.), -ro- (Ir.) (??)
dress *tlaxto-
dress *wīs-kā-je/o-
dried cow-dung *glāw-ato- (??)
drink *degu- (?)
drink *dī-ātV-
drink *φib-e/o-
12 June 2002 Page 35 of 145

drink *φotlo-
drip *snig-e/o- (?)
drip, flow *si-l-e/o- (?)
dripping *snoudo-
drive (*lā-)
drive *(and(a)-)agni-s
drive *ag-e/o-
drive *swend-e/o- (?)
drive *φloud-eje/o- (?)
driver (of vehicle) *reid(ārjo)-
driving (cattle) *gerrjo- (?)
drop *bannjā- (?)
drop *druxtu-
drop *nembi- / *nambV- ?
drop *φargo-, *φargjo- (?)
drop, flow *dī-ber-e/o-
druid *derwo-wid- (?)
druid *druwid-
drunk *medwo-
drunk *mesko-
dry *krasto- (?)
dry *siskʷo-
duck *sei(φ/j)ato- (?)
due *dīro-
dumb *an-φlabro-
dumb *bata-
12 June 2002 Page 36 of 145

dung *kagVlo- (?)

dung *sal-
dunk (*mrek-)
dunk *tumb-e/o-
dust *φolwo- (??)
duty, goal *adilo-
dwarf elder *odoko-
dwelling *ad-rostu- (??)
dwelling *wo-retsu- (?)
dwelling-place *adVbV- (??)
dwelling-place *ande-sed-ā- (?)
eager *tu-mentV-
eagle (*ero-)
eagle *eruro-
ear *ausos-
ear *kloustā-
ear of grain *dejastā- (?!?)
earth *dijarā- (?)
earth *tela-mon-
earth *ūrā- ? / *ugrā- ?
earth *werito- (??)
earth, land *φī-wer-jō(n)
earthen bank *(φ)rāti-, *-(φ)rāto-
earth-nut *kulor- (?)
easily pierced *su-wan-o-
easily seen *su-wel-o-
12 June 2002 Page 37 of 145

east *φari-tero-
easy *su-reido-
easy, quiet *sādo-
eat *brājat- (??)
eat *ed-e/o-
eat *kondimon- (?)
eat *le(n)gʷ- ??
eat *wes-e/o- (??)
eat *westi-
eat *φit-e/o-
eat up *gel-e/o- (?)
ebb *trag-jo- (Br.), *trāgjo- (Ir.)
edge *bili-
edge, bank *brū-
edible seaweed *dulisko- (??)
eel *slawjo- (???)
efflux of river from lake *balag- (??)
egg *owjo- (?)
eight *oxtū
eighth *oxtumeto-
elbow *olīnā-
elegy *marwo-natā-
elk *alki- (?)
elk (?, CW) *lono-
elm *limo-
eloquent *su-(φ?)labri-
12 June 2002 Page 38 of 145

emission *tresko- (?)

empty *keno-
empty *wako-
empty *wāsto-
enclose (*wera-)
enclosed place *ambi-wi-t(j)o-
enclosure *skorā- (?)
end *dī-kʷenno-
end *dī-wed-o-
end *indo- (??)
end *uφer-kʷenno-
endpoint *ardi-
enemy *bibedat- (?)
enemy *exs-karant-
enemy *nāmant-
energetic *kalmjo-
enjoy *kat-je/o- (?)
enjoy *φari-ber-e/o-
enough *lawero- (?)
entrails *en-ītero- (??)
entrails *entereto- (?)
equal *kom-ardu/o-talo- (??)
equal *kom-trumb-
equal length *kom-sit-ijā- (?)
err *mell-e/o-
especially *sani
12 June 2002 Page 39 of 145

ethnic name *Bojī

ethnic name *Brittānī (nom. pl.)
ethnic name *Kelto-, *Keltā-
ethnic name *Kʷritenjā-
ethnic name *Semonā- (?)
ethnic name (lit. 'wolf' or 'hawk') *Wolko-, *Wolkā-
evening *weskʷro-, uskʷro- (??)
evening *writ-ouxsero- (?)
evil *maljo-
excellent *gnawjo- (?)
excellent *uφor-ewo- (?)
excellent *weswo- (??) // *wikko-
excellent *winkʷ- (???)
excellent *wo-kāno-
excrement *kakkā-
excrement *taglo- (??)
expand *φlit-(-je/o)-
expensive *kʷrīto-
explain *dī-song-lo- (??)
express (milk) (*sū-)
extend *reg-e/o-
extinguish *dī-exs-bād-e/o-
extreme *ex(s)-tamo-
eye *lukato-
eye *okʷlo- (?) (< Lat.?)
eye *stilnā- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 40 of 145

eye *φro-skʷ-o-
eyebrow *amrant- (?)
face *agʷitā- (??)
face *driko-, *drikā-
face *enekʷo-
face *srīwā- (??)
face *weido-
fail *exs-bu-
failure *metto-
fair *wid-ālo-
faith *φeri-en-stā- (?)
fall (*rou(a)-)
fall (*φal- (??))
fall *keid-e/o-
fall *-tud-e/o-
fall *φesti-
fallow land *branaro- (??)
fame *klewos-
fame *m(w)eido- (??)
family *kenetlo-
famine *nowenjā- (?)
famous *ati-gnāto-
famous *kluto-
far *kʷel-s-o- (?)
far *weru- (?)
far away *ne-kʷe kʷelso- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 41 of 145

fart *brag-je/o- (?)

fart *bragsman-
fart *φriskā-
fast *(φ)adwo- (?)
fast *āku-
fast *arwo- (?)
fast *bousano- (??)
fast *deino-
fast *kasto-
fast *kribbo-
fast *su-φlāmo-
fast *taro-, *tarjo- (?)
fast (?) *sφraxto-
fasting *joino-
fat *blon-eko- (??)
fat *magesīno- (?)
fat *smeru-
father *tato- (*tata?)
father *φatīr
fathom *wiro-sito- (?) (or wor-)
fatigue *blīno-tero-
favour *rato-
fear *ag- (*āg-)
fear *ang-e/o-
fear *bikulijā- (?)
fear *bot-e/o- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 42 of 145

fear *dwoilo- (?)

fear *obno-
fear *φeratu- (?)
fearful *φerko-
fearless *exs-obno-
fearsome *tarrāko-
feast *kom-ed-o-
feast *līto-
feast *weili- (??)
feast *wīto-
feast *wlidā-
felloe *kambito-
fellow, neighbour *sentijo- (?)
female servant *kamulā- (?)
fence *ambjā-
fence *kagi-
fence *kleitā- (?)
fence *wragi-
fence in *wej-e/o-
ferment *uφo-jes-
fermentation *mrak-atā-
fern *(φ?)rati-
ferny *rat-inj-āko-
ferocity *ad-φro-gʷant-V- (?)
ferry *itaro- (?)
field *magos-
12 June 2002 Page 43 of 145

field *rowes-(jā-)
field measure *ara-kʷenni- (?)
fields *leino-
fierce *(su-)lurk-o- (?)
fierce *wik-ari- (?)
fifteen *kʷenkʷe-dekan
fifth *kʷenkʷ(e)to-
fifty *kʷenkʷ-kont- (??)
fight (*bera- (?))
fight (*kat-)
fight *(s)trīnā-
fight *āgu-
fight *bāg- (?)
fight *bāgā-
fight *bodwā-, *bodwo-
fight *brestelo- (?)
fight *brū(s)-je/o- (?)
fight *joudV- (??)
fight *katu-
fight *kom-bāgo- (?)
fight *kowko- (?)
fight *nant-
fight *nī-tu-
fight *rai(φ/j)ā-
fight *truzd-e/o-
fight *wīk-ā- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 44 of 145

fight *wik-e/o-
fight *wixtā-
fight (with) *ambi-wik-e/o-
fight with spears? *kʷrendo-galā- (?)
fill (*φlī-)
fill *φerk-e/o-
fill *φlīn-e/o-
find *wer-e/o-
find *wind-e/o-
find room *talφn-e/o- (?!?)
fine *ad-gen-n-o- (?)
fine *dī-re- (?)
finger *biss- (?)
finger *makro-
finger *māto-
finish (*seja-, *sī-)
finish *tu-ari-bū-
fire *aidu-
fire *bousdo- (??)/*bonto- (???)
fire *deget- (?)
fire *oibelo- (?)
fire *taφnos- (?)
fire *teφnet-, *taφnet- (?)
fire blight *ati-daw-ino-
fire, ashes *smoul-ā- (??)
fire, light *angelo- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 45 of 145

first *kentu- (?)

first *kintu-samo-
first cousin (female) *kom-nixtā-(?)-
first cousin (male) ?
firy, shining *ās-no-
fish *φeisko-
fist *durno-
fitting *adaso- (?)
fitting *kom-mest- (< *-med-t-)
five *kʷenkʷe
five people *kʷenkʷ-wiro-
flake *slagsmā- (?)
flame *briwo-
flame *laxsaro-
flank *tanaw-injo-
flat stone *(φ)likkā- (?)
flat-fish *(s)lisd- (??)
flay *wes-n-a- (?)
fleas *swannī (?)
flee *tek-e/o- (?)
flee *tekk-e/o- (?)
flee *tekʷ-sk-e/o- (?)
fleece *knab-jā- (?)
flesh *knāto-
flesh *kreiwo- (?)
flint *kall-es(t)ro- (??)
12 June 2002 Page 46 of 145

flood *(φ?)lan(d?)weto- (??)

flood *līmo-
flood *φro-ber-tī- (?)
flood, filling *φlanwo-
flood, sea *lījant-
floor *bundo-
floor *wailot-
floor *wotan-, wotn- (??)
floor *φlāro-
flour *mlāto-
flow (*ab-)
flow (*leja-)
flow (*sreu-)
flow (*weis-)
flow *(φ?)lin-je/o- (?)
flow *ber-e/o-
flow *sφrawo- (??)
flower *blāto-
flower *sφījono- (?)
fluid *(φ?)lendu- (?)
fluid, river *weiso-
fly *kuli-
fly *φet-e/o-
fly *φloug(-mani?)-
foal *bromb-āko-
foam *jestā- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 47 of 145

foam *φowen-o- (-ī-) (?)

fog *kewok- (??)
fold (*φel-)
fold *φlā-(j)e/o-
follow *sekʷ-e/o- 1
food *mastjā-
food *wī-ti-
fool *drūto-
foot *troget- (?)
forbid *bonn-eje/o- (?; LW??)
force *dī-soudo- (?)
force *gustu-
ford *jātu-
ford *φritu-
forehead *antano-
forehead *talo-
foreigner *allo-mrog-i-
foreigner *gallo- (?)
foreigners *allo-mor-ī
forest *kaito-
forest *φro-sto-
forget *an-kob-je/o- (??)
form *delwā-
form *delw-ato-
form *krettā- (??)
form *kʷritu-
12 June 2002 Page 48 of 145

form *rixtu-
fort *(φ?)listo-
fort *dūno-, *dūnos-, dūnastu-
fort *kassrik-
fort *wertrā-
foster *max-tr-īn-
foster brother *kom-altjo-
foster-father *altrawon-
foster-father *attjo-
foster-mother *altrawonī-
four *kʷetweres (m.), *kʷetesres (f.)
four- *kʷetru-
fourth *kʷetru-meto- (Ir.), *kʷetwarjo- (G
fox *luφerno-
fragment *brīwo- (?)
frame *krittā- (?)
free *reidi-
free *φrijo-
freeze *regʷ-je/o- (?)
frequent *tu-ari-ambi-ret-e/o-
friend *karant-
friendly *awi-
friendship *kar-ant-ijo-
friendship *kar-at-assu-
fright, scare *auto-
from *dī
12 June 2002 Page 49 of 145

from the (with directions of the wind) *anu- (?)
frost *regʷu- (?)

frost-bite *angwīno-rewo- (?)
frugal *drito-
full *φlāno-
full of gorse *ax(s)tīn-āko-
fullness *φlānjā-
fumble (*luw-???)
furious *kuno-dar-jāko-
furrow *keissi-
furrow *φrik(k)o-
further ??
furze *banatlo-
futile *matajo- (??)
gadfly *klaser-injo- (??)
gain (*lewa- (?))
gain *(φ?)lesto- (?)
gain, profit *elwo-
gall *bistlo-, boistlo- (?)
gallows *krokV- (< Lat.) + *kʷrenno-
gander *kaljāko-geidā- (?)
gang *agman-
gap *atowjā- (??)
gap, cleft *sk(ʷ?)albā-
gap, cleft *skol-ā-
garden *gorto-
12 June 2002 Page 50 of 145

garden *kebbo- (??)

garden *lubi-gorto-
garlic *kremo-, *kramo- (?)
garment made of sheepskin *krok-inā-
gasp *φnek-
gather (*renk-)
gather *kʷeislo-
gather, collect *dī-glenn-e/o- (?)
gathering *kaskl- (???)
gathering (?) *saman-
generosity *sal-jā
generous *largo-
generous *su-keto- (?)
genuine *dī-litso- (?)
giant *an-kenetlV- (?)
gift *dāno-
gift *maini- (??)
gift *nem-ā-
gift *φlāmo-φro-d-ā- (?)
gift *φro-dā- (?)
girl, woman *magu-essā- (?)
give (*dā-)
give *rā-(je/o-) (?)
give *tu-φro-da-
give back *ati-kor-(eie-?)
give, take *gab-e/o- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 51 of 145

giver *φrand-jato- (?)

glad *wāleti- (?)
glass, jewel *glanjo- (?)
gleaming, clear *gleiwo- (?)
glitter (*berk-)
glitter *brakʷ- (???)
glitter *smer- (?)
glory *koneto- (??)
glue *gloido- (?)
gnaw *kom-knā-(j)e/o- (?)
go (*bem-)
go (*mei- (?))
go *(s)teig-e/o-
go *ell(ā)-e/o- (?)
go *erg-e/o-, rig-ā-
go *gad- (?)
go *i-tā-(je/o-) (?)
go *kang-e/o- (?)
go *kei-
go *kʷoud-e/o- (?)
go *lud-e
go *mon-eje/o- (?)
go *wrang-e/o- (?)
go *φed- (?)
go *φend-e/o-
go past *trans-min-(n-)d-e/o- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 52 of 145

goal *kirko- (??)

goat *erbo- (?)
goat *gabro-
goat *kaφro-
goat *mendo- (?)
god *Arjoman- (?)
god *deiwo-
god *desos- (?)
god *Kamulo-
god *Lugu-
god *Noudant- (?)
god *Ogmjo- (?)
god *su- ?
goddess *Brigantī-
goddess *Φanon-
godless *an-krabudo-
going *(s)tixtā-
good *bili- (?)
good *dago-, *dego-
good *deko-
good *mati-
good *su-
good *suφerno- (??)
good *wesu- (, wīsu-?)
good (*luck-bringing?) *bawano- (?)
good manners *su-gnātso-
12 June 2002 Page 53 of 145

good news? *kailomanjā- (?)

goose *geidā- / *gigdā- (??)
gorse *aktīnā-
grain *arankā- (??)
grain *arwar-, -wan-
grain *erwo- (?)
grain *grāno-
grain *jewā-
grain *sasjo- (?)
grain *talko-
grain *φitu-
grandchild *awjo-
grandchild *φwer- (???)
granddaughter *nextī- (, *nextā-?)
grandfather *seno-tato-
grandmother *nanī-
grandmother *seno-māter-
grass *gel-tā-
grass *wegro-
grass *weltV- (-i-?)
grave *bedo-
grave *leg-jo-
grave *logā-
grave *wo-legjo-dind-o- (?)
great *Magon-
great hate *ad-kasti-
12 June 2002 Page 54 of 145

great number *wor-līno- (?)

great, strong *ande-wo-kāno- (?)
greed *w(o)-ank-ā- (?)
greed(y) *ande-swanto- (?)
greedy *las-ni-
green *aunjo-
green *glast-īno-
green *glasto-
green *ūro-
green *wird- (??)
green lawn *glejo-
green woodpecker *kekīnā- (?)
greet *(tu-)ande-φar(x)-ske/o-
grey *udro- (?)
grey *φleito-
greyhound *mīlo-kʷū
greyish white *windo-leito-
greyish-white *welwo- (PBr.)
grief *ber-no- (?)
grief, death *aliweto- (?)
grill *lannā- (-nd-?)
grind (*mela-)
grind *mel-e/o-, *mal-e/o- (?)
grinding stone *brāwan-
grinding the teeth *dant-(V?)galo-
grit *greisano- (???)
12 June 2002 Page 55 of 145

grit *growjo- (?)

groan *okk- / *ox- (onom.)
groan *ongo-
groan *stan-je/o- (?)
groan *stono-
groan, cry *eixtā-je/o-
groin *mlaknā-
groove *klatsi- (< *klad-ti-)
group of mowers *metelā-
grove, wood *kʷristo-
grow *φāts-e/o- (??)
grow weak *wannV-sag-e/o-
growth *kom-snij-
growth *tum-o-
grunt *krknik-
grunt *ro/ukk-ā- (?)
guardian *koisi- ?
guest *φoikit-
guidance, advice *ari-lajā-
gull *wujilano- (??)
gullet *stamn-īkā-
gulp *slukk-e/o- (?)
hail *kassarī- (?)
hair *blawi- (?)
hair *doklo-
hair *drigu-
12 June 2002 Page 56 of 145

hair *gait-
hair *mongo-, -ā- (?)
hair *roumnjā-
hair *wanso-
hair *φulu-
hair (on head) *walto- (?)
hair on the head *wendu-
hairy *blew-āko- (?)
hairy *φulāto-
half *letos-
half *samtero-
half alive *leto-biwo-
halter *kʷenno-rigo-
hammer *ordo-
hand *bostā- (?)
hand *glakko-
hand *manatlo- (?)
hand *φat-amā- (?)
hand *φlāmā-
hand *φman-
handful *māwamV-, *māwatī- (?)
handful of wool *tlakmo-
happiness *lawenjā-
happy *laweno- (?)
happy *su-wen-o-
happy *tu-ati-wid-(o-?)
12 June 2002 Page 57 of 145

hard (*kela-)
hard *dūro-
hard *kaleto-
hard *kroudi-
hardly *bradī (??)
hare *gatV- (??)
hare *kasnā- (?)
harmony *kom-widu-
harmony *φanawo-
harp *kruttā-
harp *telinjo- (?)
harrow *okitā-
has *dī-(?)
haste *britso-
haste *sφrutso- / -u-
hate *ad-kas-ti-
hate *kasti-
haunch *klouni-
haunch *kostā- (??)
haunch? *toumā- (??)
having big fists/hands *durnāko-
having great feasts *wlid-V-māro-
having lice *(sk)nidāko-
having nails *angwīn-āko-
hawthorn *skʷijat- (?)
hazel *kollo-
12 June 2002 Page 58 of 145

hazel-tree *koslo-wido-
he, him, it *em-em
head *(s)kutu-
head *gartā-
head *kernā-
head *kʷenno-
head *muldu- (?)
headland *tal-aro-
healing *jīkkā- (??)
health *jakkito-
healthy *dī-ask- (?)
healthy *jakko-
healthy *slā-no-
heap *bergo-; *bergno- (?) (CB)
heap *dasti-
heap *kuφnā-
hear *klew-e/o-
hear *klu-n-je/o- (?)
hear *klus-e/o-
heart *kal-on-ā- (?)
heart *kridjo-
hearth *agileitā- (?)
hearth *ongo-
heat *gʷritu-
heat *teφstu-
heath *wāg-nā-
12 June 2002 Page 59 of 145

heath *wroiko-
heaven *erko-
heaven *nemos-
heavy *baru- >> *bari- (??)
heavy *tru(d)smo- (?)
heddles of loom *brei-to- (?)
hedge *bī-tā- 'cut'
heel *sātlā-, *sātlo-
heifer *samaskī- (?)
height *alto-
height *turno-
heir *orbjo- (m.)
help *uφor-textan-
help *wo-ret-e/o-
hemlock *kekitā- (??)
hemp *werk-ā- (Ir.), *kom-wark- (?) (Br.)
henbane (?) *belen(i)on- (?)
herb, plant *lubjo- (?)
herb, plant *lustu- / *luxsu-
herd *bou-dino- (?)
herd *elnā-
herd *trento- (??)
herdsman *bou-kʷoljo- (?)
here *uman (???)
here ? (cf. Peter '97)
here; this *sondo-
12 June 2002 Page 60 of 145

hero *argo-
hero *nero- (?)
hero *wāro-
hero *weino- (??)
hero, giant *kawaro-
heron *kork- ?
hew off, mutilate *kerφ-e/o- (?)
hide *kou(d)-je/o-
hide *uφo-log-eje/o- (?)
hiding-place *wo-tekʷ-o-
high (*berg-)
high *ardwo-
high *brigant-
high *kuno- (?)
high *ouxselo-
high tide *wor-lanwV- (?)
higher *ouxtero-
highest *uxs-(i)samo-
highest *wer(t)amo-
highest *wor-tam-īno-
high-spirited *wor-ment-āko- (?)
hill *brendo- (?)
hill *dindu- / *dinnu-
hill *dinno- (??)
hill *dumjo- (?)
hill *knokko-
12 June 2002 Page 61 of 145

hill *lettrek- (?)

hill *mello-
hill *roino- (?)
hill *tumbo- (?)
hill, height *dindu- (??)
hilt *sadī- (??)
hindrance *loud-o-
hips *akraitsā- (?)
history *seno-kastu-
hit *toraw- (?)
hit, fall *org-e/o-
hitting implement *exs-ben-tī- (Ir.); *bonī- (?) (Br.)
hoarse *kriko-
hoarse *kriko- (?)
hold (*bek- (??))
hold (*φed- (?))
hold *dalg-e/o-
hold *derk- (??)
hold *em-e/o-
hold *kabagli-
hold *on(n)k-je/o-
hole *φoumat- (?)
hollow *tuxslo-
holly *kolinno- (?)
home *?-trebā (?)
home *kom-ad-treb-o-
12 June 2002 Page 62 of 145

honesty *weil-ijā- (?)

honey *meli(t)-
honour *φrāko-φro-widā-
hood *kʷenno-kouxso- (??)
hoof *kruwo-
hoof of a solid-hoofed animal *karno-
hook *ankato-
hook *bakk-āje/o-
hook *bakko-
hope, desire *uφo-men-āko-
horn *bennā-
horn *korno-
horse *(-)wo-reid-o-
horse *ad-φas-tr(j)o-
horse *ekwo-
horse *kaballo-
horse *marko-, *markā-
horsehair *rauno- (??)
horse-herd *grag- (?)
horseman, knight *mark-āko-
horse-parsley *dubu-litso- (?)
host *dāmā-, *dāmo-
host *līweto- (??)
host *sloug-eto- (?)
host *worīnā-, -ī- ?
host, gathering *kanto- (W), *kantjā- (Ir.)
12 June 2002 Page 63 of 145

hostage *geistlo-
hostility *kom-exs-kar-
hot *teφent-
hot *teφsmo- (??)
house *baljo- (?)
house *butā-
house *demo- (?)
house *kajo- (?)
house *tegos-
house *trebo-
house (?) *treb-nā- (?)
household *tego-slougo-
how many *kʷeti
how many *kʷeti- (??)
human lip *wo-beutsā- (?)
humble, modest *ngro-
hundred *kantom
hundredth *kanto-meto-
hunger *kintu-lung- (?)
hunt *selg-ā-(je/o-)
hunt *swend-e/o- (?)
hunter *selgo-wiro- (??)
hurry (*dei-)
hurry *sφisk-
husk *drabo-
I will not; I do not care *nī-me tā-ro
12 June 2002 Page 64 of 145

ice *jagi-
idle *dī-sedi-
if; or *kʷe-ageti (???)
ignite *ind-
ill person *φu-tro-
illness *balo-
illness *sergo-
impel *grens-
impetus *rou(a)tro-
in *en
in *endo (?)
in *eni
in calf *kom-logV- (??)
incapable (?) *an-text-ī-
inconvenience *an-φlesto-
increase (*mog-eje/o- (?))
increase *mag-e/o-
increase *tu-uφer-mog-eje/o- (?)
increase *wor-ber-t-
indecent *an-kaini-
information *manako- (?)
inhabit *ande-sed-e/o-
inheritance *orbjo- (n.)
injury *ans-kridjo- (?)
injustice *an-bri-to- (< *-b-)
insane *merV- (??)
12 June 2002 Page 65 of 145

insane *wor-kʷeisl-āko-
insipid *exs-āko-
insult *ag(ʷ?)li-
insult *kan-je/o- (??)
insult *l(e)i-je/o-
insult *laid-je/o- / *loid-je/o-
insult *langos- (?)
insult *makljo- (?)
insult *sφāro-
insult *tmbal- (?)
intensive *an(a)
intensive *φer(i)- (?)
intensive particle *tri- (?)
intensive particle *trimo- (??)
intention *kʷeisl-jato- (?)
intention *wo-dagī- (??)
intention *φari-med-it-o- (?)
intention (?) *ari-med-o-
interjection *ei
interrogative *kʷo-, *kʷe-
interval *kom-amsterā- (?)
intestinal worm *lengro- (?)
Ireland *Φīwerjon-
Irishman *geidelo- (LW < Br.)
iron *isarno-
island *enissī- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 66 of 145

issue, flow *tard-o-

ivy *φedenno-
jaw *gnūtsi- (?)
jaw *manto- (??) (Ir. LW < Br.?)
jealousy *kʷenno-mīk-ā- (??)
jealousy *uφor-mantī- (??)
join *en-lo-n-g-e/o- (?)
join *tank-(j)e/o- (?)
joining *ki-tu-
joint *φalto-
joint oath *kom-lugjā-
joint ploughing *kom-ar-o-
joke *klokjā- (?)
journey *kerd-ā-
journey *wextā-
journey *φodjo-
joy *men-m-ito- (?)
joy *wāletjā-
joy *φelukko- (??)
judge *en-gna-to-
judge; judgment *barno-
judgment *brātu-
judgment *brito-/ -ā-
juice *sūgo-
jump *dar-je/o- (?)
jump *langsman- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 67 of 145

jump *long-(e)je/o- (?)

jump *sal-je/o- (?)
jump *skak-
jump *skʷend-e/o- (?)
jump back *ati-lang(s)man-
jump, fly *(s)natjā-(je/o-)
jump, fly *nat-(j)āje/o-
jumping *lang-sman-īko-
June (*middle of summer) *medjo-samīno-
just *justjo-
kernel *ett(n)jo- (??)
kernel of fruit *karīso-
kettle *kʷarjo-
key *alxwedā-
key *ekorV- (W), *ekari- (Ir.) (??)
kick (*sφer-)
kick *sφīr-je/o- (?)
kid *mennisāko- (??)
kidney *ad-ren- (?)
kill *nek-e/o-
kindred *kom-stlond-
king *rīg-
king, prince *brigantīnos
kingdom *rīgjo-
kingdom *tigern-atsu- (?)
kinswoman *kar-etsā-
12 June 2002 Page 68 of 145

kite *bargo-kūto- (?)

kite *berg-o- (?)
knee *glugno- (??)
knee *kʷenno-glīno- (?)
knees *dowo-glīno- (?)
knife *skījeno- (?)
knife, dagger *gelmo-
knot *osbo- (?)
knot *snadamo- (?)
knot in wood *gnubo-
know *gnā- (?)
know *weid-
knowing *witsu-
knowledge? *weid-o-
known *gnāto-
knuckle *mī-kurno- (??)
knuckle *oφi-sφernā-
labour, pain *gnī-mo-
lack (*met- (?))
lack *mett-
lady *φari-kleid-essā- (??)
lake *(φ?)lendu- (?)
lake *laku- (?)
lake *luko-
lamb *ogno- (?)
lame *kloppo- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 69 of 145

lame *losko-
lame, maimed *an-φrijo-
lame-footed *lord-skāko- (??)
lament *keinV-man- (??)
lament *φari-kan-e/o-
land *tīr(r)os-
land *tīrro-
land *weran(o)- (?)
land *werito-rigā- (?)
land ? *wirano- (?)
lands *tīr-jon- (?)
language *jaxtī- (?)
large - (*(s)olno-)
large *borro-
large *brasso-
large *māro-
larger *mājos-
lark *exs-φed-ijo- (?)
last night *nexti- + Lat. sērus
last year *φerut(i)
lasting *buwano- (?)
later *eφero- (?)
lath, fence *kli-trā-
laugh *(s)teb-je/o-
laugh *gāsrjā-
laugh *gegni-
12 June 2002 Page 70 of 145

laugh *genV- (?)

laugh *sward-e/o-
law *dligeto- (??)
law *kāsni-
laziness *dī-āk-ī- (?)
lazy *dī-āku-
lead *loudjā-
lead *wed-e/o-
lead, bring *wod-eje/o- (?)
lead, surpass *φrāk-or-āje/o- (?)
leader *kollo-
leader *sem-brunk-ijat- (?)
leader *skotto-
leader *tu-wistāko-
leader *wal-o- (?)
leading *tu-westu-
leaf *dal-injo-
leaf *dulā-, duljo- (??)
league *leugā- (?)
least *lagisamo- (??)
leather *letro-
leave *ati-aw-e/o-
leave *lenkʷ-je/o- (?)
leave *tra(n)nk-
leave (?) *wedīlo- (??)
leech *gel-antī
12 June 2002 Page 71 of 145

left *(s)kttu- (?)

left *ad-sowjo-
left *kerro-
left *kleijo- (?)
left *tousto-
leg *eskarī- (?)
leg *garri-
leg *renno- (?)
leg *sek-lā- (?)
leisure *ukni-
lend *φari-linkʷ-je/o-
length *wozd-o-
length of fore-arm doubled *kom-elīnV-
leprosy *truds-ko-
lessen (*mei- (?))
let *erb-je/o- (?)
let, leave *gat-e/o-
lewd *serto- (?)
lewd *φragjo-
libido (?) *an-trato-
lick *leig-(j?)e/o-, *lig-a-
lid *wor-kor-jo-
lie *brankā-
lie *gawo-
lie *leg-e/o-
lie *wor-wed-e/o- (??)
12 June 2002 Page 72 of 145

life (*aiw-)
life *biwotūt-
life *bukkijā- (?)
life *bwo- (?)
life, food *biwoto- (?)
life-force *nei-bo-
lift (*kel-e/o-)
light (*leuxs-)
light *glustu-
light *lou(k)bro- (?)
light *loukno- / *louxsno- (?)
light *skamano- (?)
light *wālo- (?)
light *wo-lougV- (?)
light sleep *(tu-)ari-koito-
light, lamp *loukarnā-
lightning *meltā- (sic)
linden *lei(φ?)mā-
linden LW < MEng. (LEIA)
lineage *ad-ken-ī- (?)
linen * φlontā- << *φlotnā- ?
linen *līno- (?)
lion *lewo- (??) (< Lat.?)
lip *betlo- (??)
lip *wo-mlū- (??)
liquid *wlikʷ-uro- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 73 of 145

liquid *wlixso-
liquor *lati-
live (*nes-)
live *bei-e/o- (??)
lively *werg-o-
liver *awowo- (??)
living *biwo-
load, burden *(t)luxto-
loan *oni- (?)
loathsome person *buddākko- (??)
location *(s)tano- / *(s)tanā-
lock *tu-lexto- (?)
lock of hair *kougleno- (??)
lock of hair *koutino- (?)
long (φ?)libari- (?)
long *(d??)longo-
long *sīro-
long *siti- (?)
long hair *rou-men-āko- (?)
longer *sī-is (?)
longest *sī-samo- (?)
longing *sīr-axt-āko-
longing *sīr-axto-
look *tamawo- (?)
look-out (?) *wor-sell-ī- (?)
lord *arjo-, -ek- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 74 of 145

lord *kʷenno-tamīko-
lord *mrogi-rīxs
lord *rīgant(o)- (?)
lord *tegernjo- (?)
lord *wlat-īko-
lord *wlato-
lord *φari-kʷennīko-
lord *φotiko-
lordly *tegernāko- (?)
loss *koll-etā- (?)
loss? *elV-
louse *lous- (?)
louse *sor-o- (?)
love (*wen(a)- (?))
love (*φrija-)
love *ad-kar-a-
love *gʷrātu- (?)
love *kar-a(j)e/o-
love *karatu-
love *s(φ??)erkā-, *s(φ??)erko-
love *wenā-
low *(φ?)īts-elo-
lowly *waili-
luck *tunketo- (?)
luck (lit. 'white world' *windo-b(w)ijo-
lukewarm *klijaro- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 75 of 145

lump, ball *mello-

lust *lāto-
lust *swantā- (?)
lye *troktā-
lying on the back *su-φoino- (?)
madness *an-kʷeisl-o-
maggot *egi-
maggot *kom-trāno-
magic *soito-
maimed *anam-ousto- (?)
majesty *rīgjo-
make (*kʷera-)
make *dukli- (?)
make *kʷar-je/o-
make clear *glan-n-d-e/o- (?)
make dirty (*sal- 1)
make insane *dwāst-aje/o- (?)
make known *neu-(j)e/o- (?)
make lame *skat-e/o-
make noise *swen-(n-)
make strong *nert-ā-(j)e/o-
make strong *nerto-sage/o-
male *wirowjo-
male raven *marko-brano-
malice *mono-
mallow *malwā- < Lat.?
12 June 2002 Page 76 of 145

malt *mraki-
man *keiwo-
man *wiro-
mangy *karrāko-
manslaughter *anktu- (?)
many *φelu-
maple *akar(n)o-
mare *ka(n)kstikā- (?)
mare (horse) *(φ?)lārek-
marl *margā-
marry *tu-wed-ī- (?)
marten *belego-
mast *werno- 2 (sic)
mastiff *bratto-kū
material *damnjo- (*do-?)
matron *mātronā-
matter *rantu- (?)
matter *sulo-widā- (?)
matter *trajā- (???)
mattock *kakʷkʷjā- (???)
maybe *bēst(i) (?)
me *-sme (??)
me, my *moi (?)
mead *medu-
meadow *klouni-
meadow *kloφni- 1
12 June 2002 Page 77 of 145

measure (*mī-)
measure *kom-met- (pass.)
measure *med-je/o-
measure *mens- / *mets-ūr- (?)
meat *karnajo- (??) (LW?)
meat *kīkā-
meat; corpse *kolanī-
meaty *kīk-āko-
meeting *kom-ranko-
melodious *bandi-
melt *leg-e/o-, lexto-
melt *log-eje/o-
member *astīli- (?)
member *ballo-
member *mallo- (?)
memory *kom-man-o- (?)
mercifulness *trougo-karjā-
mermaid *mori-morwen- (?)
metal *meini- (?)
middle *medjo-, *medi°
midge *wido-φeto- (??)
mild *wlido-
milk *gerto-
milk *glaxtā- (?)
milk *laxto- (or LW < Lat.?)
milk *melgos-
12 June 2002 Page 78 of 145

milk *mlig-e/o-
milk *mlixtu- (?)
milk *seigi- (?)
milk *sutu-
milk *wo-trog-eje/o- (?)
mine *meino-klādo- (?)
mine, my *mewe << PIE *mene
miscarriage *φartuli- (???)
miserable *(t)leiko- (?)
miserable *trougo-
miserable, weak *troug-agno-
misery *an-kom-nerto-
misery *trougjā-
mist *dumāko- (?)
mist, smoke *dengwo-
mistake *anamī- (?)
mistake *bag-jo- (?)
mistake *kom-φari-org-no-
mite *tār-āko-
mix *kom-mi(k)sk-e/o-
mix *mi(x)-ske/o-
mob *φlīdos- (?)
modest *moilo- (?)
molar tooth *kūlo- danto-
monkey *abbon- (??)
month *mīns-
12 June 2002 Page 79 of 145

moon *loukno- / *louxsno- (?)

moon *lug-rā-
moonlight *lug-rā/o-kando-
moor *salā- (?)
mortar *kom-bru-to-
most *māji-samo-
mother *mammā-
mother *mātīr
mother-in-law, father-in-law *swekru- (?)
mound *kroukā-
mountain *brig-
mountain *monjo-, menjo- (?)
mountain *sleibos-
mountain *φarkunjo-
mouse *lukot-
mouth *āso- (?)
mouth *gen-owes (pl.)
mouth *genu-, genawā- (?)
mouth *goppo- (?)
mouth *ma/ekno- (??) / *mīnV- (??)
mouth *staman-
mouth of a river *eni-bero-
mouth of river; confluence *ad-ber-o- (?)
mouth, lip *bussu-
move *swem-(ī-) (?)
move *swi-m-āje/o- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 80 of 145

move fast *φlou-e/o- (?)

mow *met-e/o-
much *menekk-
mud *latākā-, *latjo-
mud *lutā-
mud *mūro-
mulberry *mero-
multitude *φlī-jes-
murder *galanatsā-
murder *orno- (or *org-no-?)
muscle *kom-ser-ī (pl.) (??)
music *trigjo- (??)
my *men(e) (?)
nail *angʷīnā-
nail *klāwo- (?)
nail *sem-ā- (?)
naked *nokʷto-
name *anman-
name *stlundo- (?)
nape *meidjo-
narrow (*ango-)
narrow *gando-
narrow *kom-angjo- (?)
narrow *oxto-
narrow(ness) *angjo-
narrowness *angos-
12 June 2002 Page 81 of 145

natural *tokʷi-(ko-) (?)

nature *ande-gan-o- (?)
nave *buzdo-
navel *ambiljon-
near *akustV- (??)
near *okk- (?)
nearer *nesd-V- (?)
nearest *netsamo- (?)
necessary *ratjo-
neck *-grago-
neck *moni-, *manjā-
neck *moniklo-
neck *wudw-o-/-āko-
neck, windpipe *brāgant (?)-
neckband *basko-
necklace *monikjā- (?)
need *ankenā-
need *nāw-itā-
need, wish *kom-ber-e/o- (?)
needle *iso-
needle *snātanto-, *snātejā- (?)
needle *wrakkā- [2] (?)
needy *anken-oustV- (?)
negative *an-
negative *ans- (??)
negative particle (lit. 'and not') *na-kʷe
12 June 2002 Page 82 of 145

negligence *walli-
neigh *wor-gar-ī- (?)
neighbour *kom-netsamo-
neither *swatī (??)
nephew *neφot-
nest *nisdo-
net *sogno- (W), *segno- (Ir.)
nettle *nenado- (sic)
new *newjo-
newborn? *φoutanjā- (??)
nickname *kom-anman-
nickname *listo-
night *ad-akʷī-
night *nokʷ-, *noxto- (?)
nightingale *esātsā- (??)
nightmare *suφno-leb/mV- (??)
nine *nawan
ninth *nawameto- (?)
nit *s(k)nidā-
noble *gaurjo- (?)
noble *maglo-
noble *mun-āko- (?)
noble *nāro-
noble *nemeto-
noble *rigjāko-
noble *su-viro-
12 June 2002 Page 83 of 145

noble *wo-brig-V- (?)

noble (?) *wor-tero- < *wer-tero-
noise *blusko- (/*blosko-?)
noise *boukato-
noise *brosko- (?)
noise *morni- (/*murni-??)
noise *trusto- (?)
noise *turb-
noise *wo-durdo- (?)
noise *wogman- (??)
noise *wo-rouno- (?)
noose *talxsm- (?)
north *uφo-klijā-
nose *sroknā- (?)
nose *trugnā-
not (*ne)
not *nī
not? *kʷā-nī
notice *φro-be/oud-o- (?)
not-person *an-dunjo-
nourish (*φan-)
nourish *al-e/o-
nourish *mak-e/o-
nourished *altjo-
nourishment *kolto-
now *nu-
12 June 2002 Page 84 of 145

now *φerejo- (??)

number *ad-rīmā-
number *rīmā-
numerous *φlī-jās-āko-
nun *lagj-āno- (?)
nurse *mammo-maxtā- (?)
nut *knuwjā- (?)
oak *dari(k)-
oak *daru-
oak *derwā-
oak *φomonajo- (?)
oar *rāmo-
oar *rēmo- (LW < Lat.?)
oath *lugjo-, *lugo-
oath *oito-
oats *korkjo-
obligation *kom-geistlo-
obtain *kaxtā-je/o-
obtain *log-e/o- (?)
obtain *text-(e)je/o-
of equal length *kom-sitV-
of the same age *kom-aiwestu-
old *seno-
old *struti- (?)
old *φarast- (?)
old woman *ammantī- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 85 of 145

older *sen-is-ō- (?)

one *oino-
one *oiwo-
one-eyed *kaiko-
one-eyed *kollo-
one-eyed *kollo-
onion *kanīnā- (?)
only *na(-s?)-mājūs (?)
only, alone *lāro- (??)
onrush *reu-sman-
onrush (esp. of waves) *barkā-
open *akor- (??), *dī-kor- (??)
open *bol-no- (?)
opinion *mantjon- (?)
opposite *φari-kom-ari- (?)
oppress *trud-ske/o-
oppress *wor-di(n)g- (?)
oppression *uφor-mestā-
or *new(V?)
order *ser-n-a-
order *φro-budo-
origin *bunato- (??)
orphaned *ambi-dī-mato-
other *alaljo-
other *allo-
other, second *aljo-
12 June 2002 Page 86 of 145

otter *dubro-kwon-
ounce (*alone) *mando- (??)
our *(s)an- (??)
our *ansro- (?)
out *ud-
out of *exs-
oven *āti-
oven *ātino-
over *ouxs(V) (?)
over *trns
over *uφer-, *uφor- (?)
over *wor- < *uφor-
overcome *sφakto-
overjoyed *wor-laweno- (?)
owl *kowanno- (?)
own *nitjo-
owner *kʷerk-eno- (??)
ox *uxsen-
oyster *(s)lib-markā- (???)
pack of dogs or wolves *kounV- (?) < *kwonV- (??)
page *(φ?)leto-einekʷo- (??)
pain *anxto-
pain in the head (??) *kʷenno-galo- (?)
pain, wound *aglo-
palm, fist *bostā-
pancakes *krampeittV- (PBr.???)
12 June 2002 Page 87 of 145

parents *φro-gen-eies (?)

part *(φ?)rannā-
part *dāl-(je/o-)
part *dāli-
part *drullo- (< -sl-)
part *skʷerto-, *kʷarto- (?)
particle *i-de (??)
particle (*before) *φro-
particle (de-, from) *dī-
partridge *kluko-jaro- (?)
passion *nei-to- (W, CIb.), *neit-s-lo- (Ir.)
passion *sφrāb-o-
paternal line *φatrjā-
path, track *lergo- (?)
patience *an-menjā- (?)
pay *tal-e/o-
peace *tank-o- (?)
penis *beikʷo-
penis *butto- (?) / *bosdo- (?)
penis *kalgā- (?)
penis *kʷīt- (??)
penis *muto- (?)
people *teutā- > *toutā-
perceive *kantV-buti- (?)
perceive *φrat-je/o- (?)
perceiving *uφo-mantjon-
12 June 2002 Page 88 of 145

perfect *(kom-)olk-o- (?)

period *φedo-m
period of 19 years *nawan-dekant-V-
permission *kentatā- (?)
person *donjo-
personal mane *Gerontjo-
personal name *Brokkagno-
personal name *Dārjo-
personal name *Glūno-māro-
personal name *Isaro-
personal name *Kasti-,-o- (?)
personal name *Katu-māro-
personal name *Kunagno-
personal name *Kuno-gustu- ("dog"?)
personal name *Kuno-māro- ("dog")
personal name *Kuno-walo-
personal name *Kurkagno- (?)
personal name *Leuketjo- (/ *-ou-)
personal name *Oino-gustu-
personal name *Owo-genjo-
personal name *Rouno- (sic)
personal name *Senāko-
personal name *Teut(j)o-rīk-
personal name *Teuto-walo-
personal name *Ulkā-gno-
personal name *Uφer-gustu-
12 June 2002 Page 89 of 145

personal name *wellawno- (sic)

personal name (*flowing water) *Sraw-o-dubro-
personal name (Guinevere) (*white gh *windo-seibaro- (?)
phlegm *list(V)nabed- (???)

pick-axe *kom-okjo-
piece *blogā- / *blugā- (??)
piece *brusk-
piece *darno-
piece *katsVnotV- (?)
piece *kʷetti- (?)
piece of land *wo-tīro- (?)
piece of meat *mīmsro-
pierced *tri-tuxslo- (?)
pig *banwo-
pig *māsdā- (?)
pig *mukku-, *mukkā-
pig *ruxto-
pig *su-
pig *sukku- (< *suφku-?)
pig *φorko-
pig-forest (*mukku-rosto-) (very late compoun
pillar *(s)temppu- (??)
pillar *kelb/mV- (??)
pillar *stabā-
pillar *warros-
pine *φuxtā-(ko-)
12 June 2002 Page 90 of 145

pitch *bī- (sic)

place *leg-ā- / -o-
place *mag-injo-
place (?) *kom-arī- (??)
place name *Windo-magos-
plain *makajā- (??)
plain *stratu-
plain *φlā-no-
plait *kʷasto-
plait *torko-
plant *amφellā- (?)
plantain (*way-broad) *sento-litano-
play *(s)worei- (??)
play *reb-
play *swar-e/o- (??)
playground *(s)worei-mag-
pleasant *ar(i)-akʷ-o- (?)
pleasant *dili-
pleasant *teki-
pleasant *togi-
pleasant *φagli- (?)
pleasing *awillo-
pleasing *karato-, karatāko-
pledge *geitsl-āje/o-
pledge *geldo-
plough *aratro-
12 June 2002 Page 91 of 145

plough *ar-je/o-
plough *kanxtu-
plough-handle *saidlā- (??)
plunder *wein-e/o- (?)
poem *duknā- (?)
poem *wāto-
poet *kʷrit-jo- (?)
poet *wāti-
poetry *kʷrito-
point *bro(to-) (??)
point *stoukki- (?)
point (?) *brutV- (??)
point (?) *gulbi(ā)- (?)
point, top *barro-
pointed *bennāko-
poison *wīso-
pole *masdjo-
polish *(φ?)rasd-
polish (?) *slibro-
porch *kintu-sed-o-
possess *ad-trebā(-je/o)-
possessions *selwā-
post *kaulljo-
post *kʷelatri- (?)
post *sφundā- (?)
post *wankjo- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 92 of 145

pot (LW < OIc. ??)

pot *aginā-
pot *dabākā-
pot *gauljo- (?)
pot *kelφurno-
pot *kro(k)k-āno-
pot *krokk-akno- (?)
pot *lestro-
pot *lungā- / *longā- (?)
pot *φatnā- (or *φānā-?)
pot (made of bark) *rindjā- (?) (LW???)
pot-belly *galbā-
pour (out) *send-e/o- (?)
pour out *sem-e/o-
power *brīgā-, *brīgo-
power *galā-
power *kom-oxto-
power *med-o- (?)
powerful *-walo-
pox *bri/ekkā- (??)
praise *mol-eje/o- (?)
prayer *wo-tlukk-eitV- (??)
prayer Lat.?
prefix *dia- (??)
prefix *dī-φro-
prefix *ko(m)- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 93 of 145

prefix *mist(V)- (?)

prefix *tu-ambi-
prefix *tu-ati-
prefix *tu-uφo-
prefix *ud-s-
prefix (above) *ati-
prefix (bad-) *dus-
prefix (lit. to) *ad-
pregnant *tarr-āko-
pregnant *tor-s-āko- (?)
prepare *tu-ad-kʷar-e/o-
prepare *tu-ari-kʷar-e/o-
preposition *eφi (??)
preposition (*to) *tu, *tu-
preposition (across) *taros
preposition (after) *wo-tig (?)
preposition (around) *ambi-
preposition (before) *φrk(-) (?)
preposition (from) -
preposition (from) *φo- (??)
preposition (out) *exs-
preposition (until) *kʷus- (??)
preposition (with) *kom-
press (*mera-)
press *dang-e/o-
press *maged- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 94 of 145

press *sang-e/o- (??)

press *wa(x)-ske/o-
press *wella- (?)
prevent *ark-e/o-
prickle *brotto-, broto- (?)
prize *wo-kʷr-o- (?)
produce (*φes-)
progeny *ati-ganā-
prohibition *ari-smert-ā-
promise *ad- (W), *tu- (Co.) + daw-e/o- (?)
promise *geld-e/o-
promise *mon-eje/o- (?)
pron. 3 sg. m./n. *ei-, *e-
pronoun *awo- (??)
pronoun *-d(e)-em- (?)
pronoun *de
pronoun *esjo, esjās (Gen.)
pronoun *jei (?)
pronoun *on- (??)
pronoun *to- (?)
pronoun (I) *me (, *mī?)
pronoun (this) *kei
pronoun (your (pl.)) *wesrom (?)
pronoun (your) *swīs (?)
property, wealth *tlu-tsu- (?)
prophecy *φari-ambi-metsu- (< *-med-tu-)
12 June 2002 Page 95 of 145

protect *snād-
protection *wo-sista-mV-
protrusion from a wall *balāko-
proud, strong *balko-
prow *bran-jo- (??)
prow of boat *bronjā- (?)
prow of ship *bran-ī-jā- (??)
pubic hair *ketorā- (???)
pull *trāg-je/o-
pupil of the eye (?) *ambi-blixs-
purchase (noun) *kʷero-
pursue *tu-swend-n-e/o-
pus *goru-
pus *lī-no-
push *trakk-e/o- (??)
put (*dī-)
put *de-d-e (pf.)
put *kor-eie/o-
put *rem-je/o- (?)
put down *uφo-dī-
put together? *klout-e/o- (?)
put, place *wo-rem-e/o- (?)
quail *rakinā-
quarrel *drinno-/drenno- (?)
queen *ban-ōn-ā-
queen *rīganī-
12 June 2002 Page 96 of 145

quick *trekki- (??)

quick *φeimi-
quiet *taus-elo- (?)
race *agjo-
rack *keng(j)ā- (?)
raft *sloiddV- (?)
rafter *astā- (?)
rafter *astanjā- (?)
rain *wera-
rain *o-lawo-
rainshower *wrastā-
raise (*werr-)
raise *kom-ad-reg-e/o- (?)
raised *werro(s)-
raising *-or-to-
rake *krīkʷ-īnā- (?)
ram *ri-o-to- (??)
ram *surdo- (?)
rape *arbīno-
rare *ter(s)kʷo-
rash *birro-kʷeisl-o- (?)
raven *branā-
raven *weiko- (??)
raw *krūwo- (?)
raw *omo-
reach (*enk-, nak- (?))
12 June 2002 Page 97 of 145

reach *ēnk- (?)

reach *nak-e/o- / *nakʷ-e/o- ?
reach *seikʷ- (?)
reach *φent-e/o-
reach *φro-an-n-k-e/o-
rear *māsto- (?)
recite (*dreng-)
reclaim (?) *tu-ati- (W), *dī-ati (Br.) + -ande-so
red *basko-
red *dergo-
red *kokko-, *kokki-
red *roudo-
reddish *roud-el-no- (?)
redness *derg-ā-
reed *korokasto-, *korVsto- (??)
refuse *wo-exs-med-e/o-
regret *ati-φreko-
reins *ansi-
rejoice *blaidā- (?) (not *blozgâ)
rejoice *laweno-sag-e/o-
relationship *wenjā-
relative *gnōto-
relative particle *kʷe
relic *kredrā-
religion *krabidu- (?)
remain *mar-e/o- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 98 of 145

remain *men-n- (?)

remain hanging *glina-
remaining, rest *os-to- // *uφo-sto-
remit *mat- /mad- (??)
renounce *dī-φro-ber-e/o-
repentance *ati-φrek-o- (?)
reprimand *kom-skʷo-
request *ad-ālo-
request *uφo-gʷedjā-
request *wo-kom-φar(x)-ske/o-
resin *sokʷi- (?)
rest *kʷowitso- (??)
rest *sāmo-
resting-place *kʷowitso-magos- (?)
restrict *tu-ambi-org-(t-)
retaliation *ati-gabagli-
retinue *kosto-korjā- (?)
retinue *wo-exs-korjo-
return *ad-sor-o-
return *ati-reg-V-
revenge *dī-galā-
rich *kom-oxt-āko-
rich *su-oφ-smjo- (?)
rich *wo-lou-t-āko-
rich garment *brotV-rego- (??)
riches *?
12 June 2002 Page 99 of 145

riches *alamo-
riches *aφnajo- (?)
riches *uφo-lauto- (?)
rickets *(φ?)likkā- (?)
ridge in a field *grundo- (?) / grondo- (??)
ridge-pole *nino-kʷrendo- (??)
riding a horse > fast (?) *ekʷo-reid-i-
right *dexso-, *dexsiwo-
right *iφāno- (??)
right *kerto-
right *kom-wiro-
right *rextu-
rightful wife *mone-t (?)
rigid *rinno- (PBr.)
rime; honey-comb *kreikʷ-ro- (??)
ring *ande-bitso- (?)
ring *ānjā-
ring *nasko-
ring *walik-
ripe *adV-met-V- (??)
rise *wor-monijo-
rise (from) *ken-je/o-
river *abon-
river *abonā-
river *ambu-
river *arno-
12 June 2002 Page 100 of 145

river *Awo-, *Awā-

river *sindā-
river *srutu-
river name *Almā
river name *ambri-
river name *awantiā- (?)
river name *awarā
river name *awo-
river name *aφs- (?)
river name *Bormo-
river name *Bred-anjā- (?)
river name *Dānu, *Danoos
river name *Deiwā-
river name *elawar (?)
river name *Kloutā-
river name *Moino-
river name *naronnV- (??)
river name *Nidā-
river name *Sabrinā- (< -mr- ??)
river name *Saljā-
river name *Sarno-
river name *Sekʷanā-
river name *Sikʷ-ari-
river name *Sor-ā-
river name *sū-rā-
river-bank *glando- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 101 of 145

road *bautrV- (???)

road (pounded earth) *mantalo-
roar *beikk-je/o-, -ai- (??)
roar *brem-e/o-
roar *durd-e/o- (??)
roar *ruxto-
robbing *stlatto- (?)
rock *akamno-m (?)
rock *φalek-
rock *φallo-
rocks *kloker-ī (?)
rocky place *klokir-āko- (?)
rod *deli- (?)
rod *gasdo-
rod *slattā- (?)
rod *wliskā- (??)
roof *jem-e/o- (?)
roof *ninā-(ko-) (?)
root *budno- (??)
root *wradjo-, *wradmu- (???)
root *wridmā- (?)
rope *lumanā- (??)
rope, belt *φes-tamo- (??)
rot *drew- (??)
rot *malk(ʷ)-(āj)e/o- (?)
rotation *tro-jato-
12 June 2002 Page 102 of 145

rough (*karr-)
rough *ad-garwo-
rough *dī-lubno- (?)
rough *dorso-
rough *garwo-
rough *gorgo- (, *gergo-?)
rough *gurdon-īko- (???)
roughness *garwo-tero-
round *krundi-
roundness *kruno-tero-
row (*era-, *rā-)
row, series *sritā-
rowan-tree *karotīno-
royal *tigern-āko-
rubbish (?) *roud-o- (?)
rudder *luwijo- (??)
rule (*rīg-)
rule *wlati-
rule *wol-n-a- (?)
ruler *tigerno-
ruler *walatro-
ruler, helmsman *φlew-jo-
ruling *kʷenn-axto-
run *dru(w)- (?)
run *rātjo- (Ir.), *rāto- (W)
run *ret-e/o-
12 June 2002 Page 103 of 145

run *ret-e/o-
run *ret-u-
run *uφo-ret-e/o-
run with *kom-ret-e/o-
rush *brugn-injo-
rush *joini- (?)
rush *se(x)skā-
rush, reed *semīno- (?)
rushlight, candle *φiturnajo- (??)
rust *mergi- (??)
rust *rut-o- (?)
sacred *kād(j)o- (?)
sacred *noibo-
sacred place *nemeto- (n.)
sacrifice *ati-od-bher-to- (?)
sad *ad-ougro-
sadness *(φ?)lakno-
saliva LW < Lat.??
salmon *esāk-
salmon *φenk-īnjo-
salmon *φorko-
salt (sal- 2)
salt *salano-
salt-marsh *mori-mag- (?)
salty *salto-
same *kom-φadasto- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 104 of 145

same *somo-
same size *kom-mantī-
saturation *sāti-
saviour *wo-reto-wir-
say *ag-
say *med-e/o- (?)
say *mrū-
say *sag-je/o- [2] (?)
say *sekʷ-e/o- 2
say *weg-e/o- (?)
say *werd-e/o- (?)
say *wet-e/o-
saying *laudo-
scab; hillock *krakko-
scale *lannā- (??)
scale *skanto-
scale of fish *gann(j)o- (??)
scatter *skal-e/o- (??)
scrape *krab-
scratch *skrībb-
scratch off *skerd-e/o-
scratch, itch *kots-āje/o- (??)
scrotum *kutV-
sea *boukanjā-
sea *liro- (?)
sea *mori- (n.)
12 June 2002 Page 105 of 145

sea *morīno-
sea *mori-steigh-(e/o-)
sea *s(w?)ālo-
sea *trijaton- (??)
sea-inlet *mori-gablo-
seal - (LW < OE)
seam *wrimbo- (??)
search *swiljāje/o- (?)
sea-shore *mori-kʷā- (?)
seat (*sesto-)
seat *āso- (?)
seat *kom-exs-dī-sed-o-
seat *sedlo-
seat *sedo-
seat *sod-jo-m
seaweed *wimmāni- ??
secluded place *φari-kel-o-
second swarm of bees to leave the hiv *tarwo-satjā-
secret *kom-rūno-
secret *rūnā-
secret (?) *sani-stā- (?)
secure *dī-u(φ)o-kel-e/o-
sedges *se-sk-ā- (?)
sediment *uφo-dāto-
see (*reg-)
see *derk-e/o-
12 June 2002 Page 106 of 145

see *kes-je/o- (?)

see *stiln-ā(je/o)- (?)
see *wel-e/o-
seed *rīto(s)-
seed *satā-
seed *seg-os-
seed *sīlo-
seeing, sight *wo-luk-o-
seek *sag-je/o-[1]
seek *φar- (?)
seer, poet *welet- (?)
seething *tanaro-
seize (*reφ-)
self *oun-āno-
sell *φri-n-e/o-
send *lā-(j)e/o- (?)
send *tu-/dī-ande-mon-(ej)e/o- (?)
send *woid-eje/o-
send away *swoid-(e)je/o- (?)
sense *kondo-
sense *menman-
senseless *dī-kʷeislo-
separate *kri-n-e/o-
separate *skar-e/o-
separate (?) *wo-dāl-
separation *autedo- (??)
12 June 2002 Page 107 of 145

separation *skarto-
serious *dī-brig-
servant *ambi-axto-
servant *arat-
servant *kakljo- (?)
servant *magu- (not *mogu-)
servant *wo-gnī-t-āko-
servant (?) *ad-ber-o- (?)
serve *uφo-gnī-je/o-
serve *wo-gnī-t-āje/o-
service *wo-stā-n-axto-
service tree *kormiljā- ?
set (of sun) *uφo-nes-eje/o- (?)
seven *sextam
seventh (*sextamo-)
seventh *sextameto-
seventy *sextamokonta (?)
sew *w(V)r-ī- (?)
sex *slektu- (??)
sexual intercourse *got-je/o- (?)
shad (fish) *alausā-
shade *uφo-skāto-, *-ā-
shadow (*skā-)
shadow *skāl-, *skalī-
shadow *skāto-
shake *kri-n-e/o-
12 June 2002 Page 108 of 145

shake *kris-t-āje/o- (?)

shake *kri-t-
shake *krott(j)ā-je/o-
shake *lou-ske/o- (?)
shake *r(o)us-(j)e/o- (?)
shaking *kri-tr-i- (?)
shaking, fever *kritu- (-i-?)
shame *nāsrijā-
sharp (*āko-)
sharp *akero-
sharp *akro-
sharp *gli-wā-
sharp *kerb-o-
sharp *okero- (?)
sharp *sliφsmo-
sharp, sour *gigro-
sharpen *ok-
sharpen *slib-sm-sag-e/o-
sharpness *okaro-
she *sī
she (with emphasis) *si-sī
sheaf, spray of flowers (?) *manatlo-
shear *knab-īje/o-
shearing knife *φaltani- (-ī-?)
shears *wellamo- (??)
sheath *wagīnā-
12 June 2002 Page 109 of 145

sheaves *stā-tā-
sheep *damato-
sheep *kaφrk-
sheep *kitt- (??)
sheep *lno- ?? (cf. lono-)
sheep *molto-
sheep *owi-
shell *barennkā- (?)
shells *blaiskV- (Ir.), *blīskV- (W)
shepherd *owi-stā-ro- (?)
shield *skeito-
shine (*dei-)
shine (*erk-)
shine (*kai-, *kī- (?))
shine (*leuk-)
shine *ban-e/o- (?)
shine *dellorato- (??)
shine *dīs-klai-r-je/o- (?)
shining *berto-
shining *sunno- (?)
shining *surdo- / *sordo- (?)
shining (?) *gleiso-, *gleisto-
ship *nāw-
shirt *kamisjā- (?)
shirt *laknet- (?)
shirt *lesanjo- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 110 of 145

shiver *skri-t-
shivering *(ad-)kri- (??)
shoe *arkenno- (?)
shoe *kourano-
shoe *φaksajo- (wrong)
shoe *φeskūti- (?)
shoe-maker *karφjo-, *karφimon-
shoes *arkenato- (??)
shoot (plant) *gastā-
shoots *ak-īno-
shore *traxtu-
short *berro-
short *gari-
short *gerro-
short *kerto- 2
shorten, delete *kom-berr-sag-e/o- (?)
shot *arkʷeto-
shoulder *gublon-
shoulderblade *skeito-, *skeitā-
shoulderblade *φlitjā-
shout *glagmā- (?)
show *deik-
shower *kawat(o)-
shrink *krid-
sick (*serg-)
sick *klamo-
12 June 2002 Page 111 of 145

sickle *krumbano-
sickle *krumb-āno- (?)-
sickness *klam-ito-
side *letos-
side *stlisti-
side *toibos- (?)
sieve *kreitro-
sieve *sī-tlo-
sigh *oxanV- (?)
sigh *uk(k?)
sight *widā-
sign *ande-matī- (??)
sign *φari-denajo-
sign *φari-widjo-
silver *arganto- (n.)
similar *kom-samali-
similar *likʷ(kʷ)i- (??)
similar *samali-
similar *samal-itso- (?)
sin *ambi-φro-metsu- (< *-med-tu-)
sin *kulo-
sin *med-e/o- (?)
sing *kan-e/o-
sing *swer- (?)
singer *kan-jato- (?)
single grain *grān-injo-
12 June 2002 Page 112 of 145

singularity *φoutato- (?)

sister *swesor-
sit *exs-dī-sed-e/o-
sit *sed-e/o-
six *swexs
sixth *swexseto-
size *mantī-
size *mantī-
skeleton *skrou-to-
skin *(s)kramman- (?)
skin *beino- (?)
skin *kenni-
skin *knetsV-
skin *kudalo- (?)
skin *sekjā-
skin *tunnā-/*tonnā-
skull *krāsjano- (??)
sky *rik-eto-
skylark *malxwit- (?)
slack *laggo- (??)
slack *lasko-, lesko-
slander *ande-līkʷ-o-
slant *lexsowjo-
slanting *kloino-
slaughter *agro-, *agrā-
slaughter *maxt-(āj?)-e/o-
12 June 2002 Page 113 of 145

slaughter *slad-et-īk-axtā-
slaughter *wan-ī- (?)
slave, labourer *teges-āko-
sleep *kusk-āje/o-
sleep *kusko- (??)
sleep *suφno-
sleep *swoφ-e/o- (?)
sleep *tol-(e)je/o- (?)
sleeplessness *an-suφn-ijā-
sleepy *suφn-āko-
sleeve *φlāmo-wetsV- (?)
slender *swengo- (?)
slide (*sleib- (??))
slide *lisd-
slide *sleid-, sli-n-d-
sling *trok(ʷ)alo- (?)
slippery *slibno- / *slimno- (?)
sloe *arjanjo-
slope *rīwā- (?)
slope, field *wagno-
slow *aramo-
slow *dousjo- (?)
slow *dowjo- (?)
slow *mallo-
slow *mergijo- (?)
sluggish, languid *lexsko- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 114 of 145

small *bikko-, bikkakno-

small *bikk-no-
small *lagu- (?)
small *legu- (?)
small *menw(o)-
small *menwo-
smear *slig-e/o- (?)
smell *bulato- (?)
smith *gobn- (?)
smithy *gobalī- (??)
smoke *dwijat-
smoke *mūko- (?)
smooth, shining *l(e)nt-ro-
smoothe, flatten *slimnije/o- (?)
snail *selekjo-
snake *angu- (?)
sneeze *(φ)streu-
snipe *gījokkV- (???)
snore *φstri-n-we/o- (?)
snout *srubu- / *srubi-
snow *ladgo- (-ā-?) (?)
snow *snigʷ-
so that the more *φari-wo-stā- (?)
soft *bukko-, buko- (??)
soft *leino-
soft *malawo-
12 June 2002 Page 115 of 145

soft *med-alo- (?)

soft *merwi-
soft *mīno-
soft *mlāti-
soft *mlido- (Br.), *meld-āko- (Ir.)
soft *moiti-
soft *muxto-
soft *taxsi-
soft *tlā-ti-
sole *swol-V-
solid *balko-
solid *dangino- (?)
solid *digino- (?)
some *(?)
some time *ateko-
some(one, -thing) *ne-kʷ-āto-
someone *ne-kʷo-
someone *ne-kʷ-ouno-
son *makʷ(kʷ)o-
son, daughter *-gnāto-, *-gnātā-
song *drenxtā- (?)
song *kantlo-
song *natā- (?)
song *wi- (?)
soon *moksu
soot *sodjā-, *soidjā- (??)
12 June 2002 Page 116 of 145

soot *sūd- (??)

sorrow *galaro-
sorrow *kamawo- (?)
soul *anaman-
soul *anatī-
sound (*weg- (?))
sound *der-, *dren-s-, daro- (?)
sound *durdo- (!)
sound *wo-gar-o-
sound *wogro- (?)
south *dexso-
sow *seg- (?)
sow (pig) *berantī-
sow (pig) *krākni-
sow (pig) *wetsi-
spade *kʷalo- (?)
spade *roumā- (?)
spade *wekkā- (?)
spare, save *(ari-)kʷet-
spark *wrikk- (??)
speak (*bā-)
speak (*brād-)
speak (*eni-sekʷ-e/o-)
speak (*ka(n)s- (?))
speak *(φ?)labro-
speak *bāg-e/o- (?!?)
12 June 2002 Page 117 of 145

speak *bat-e/o- (?)

speak *gar-e/o-
speak *glād- (?!?)
speak *labar-aje/o- (?)
speak *rād-(e)je/o-
speak *sekʷ-e/o-
speak *stlund-je/o- (?)
speak *sφrag-
speak *tluk-
spear *gaiso-
spear *kal-
spear *kestā-
spear *kesti- (?)
spear *kʷarφo- (?)
spear *lagīnā-
spear *s(φ?)ligā-
spear *uφo-gaisu-
spear(-shaft) *barko-
speckled *ambi-līw-o-
speckled *ballāko-
speckled *φerko-
speech *brādo-
speech *eni-sekʷjā-
spell *brixtā-
spin *sφen- (?)
spin, braid *snije/o-
12 June 2002 Page 118 of 145

spindle *wertito-
spinning *snīmā-
spinster *morwen- (??)
spirit *draugo- / *drougo-
spirit *dusjo-
spit (stake) *beru-
spittle *blenni-, blanno- (??)
spleen *sφelgā-
split (*bera- (?))
split (*dera-)
split (*skʷel- (?))
split *dlog-(e)je/o- (?)
split *kri-n-a-
split *skand-rā-je/o- (??)
split *skʷolt-
split *sφlind- (?)
spoon *leigā-
spot *kaljo-
spotted *reibāko-
spread *ster-n-a-
spread *sφera-, *sφrei- (?)
spread *uφo-ster-n-a-
spread out (*φeta-)
spread out (*φlā-)
sprig of grass *trāno-
spring *brewant- (??)
12 June 2002 Page 119 of 145

spring *wasanteino- (??)

spring *φerrāko-
sprinkling *tagnā-
sprout (*del(a)- (?))
squeak *wīkk- (qPBr.)
stable *krāφo- (?)
stable *kʷentīlo- (??)
stable *uφo-stato-
stag *sido-
stags *karw-et-ī (?)
stain *korb-
stain *mandā(ri)-
stalk *kalamon- (?)
stalks *wlido-
stallion *kallukko- (?)
stammer *gotto-
stammering *mlaisko- (??)
stand (*stā-)
stand *sista-
stand *stā-(j)e/o-
stand *stam-
stand *sta-ne/o-
standing (*-sto-)
star *ster-
starling *trosd-, trosdejā- (?)
statute (?) *dedmā-
12 June 2002 Page 120 of 145

stay *ana-
stay *westi-
stay *wo-trīk-e/o- (?)
steal (*mer- (?))
steal *tli-na-
steep cliff *wor-alt-ā- (?)
step *ban(s)man-
step *gran-n-d-e/o- (?)
step *kang(s)man-
step *kerdi-
stepson *(φ?)listo-makʷ(kʷ)o- (?)
stern of ship *φari-sosto-
stick *lorgo-
stick *sφond-ā-
stick to *li-n-a-
stiff *sterto-
stiff, stretched *regino-
stillness *glanjā-
sting *skʷarno-, *skʷarnī-
sting (?) *brazd-e/o-
sting (?) *got- (?)
stinking *bragno- (?) / *mrakno- (??)
stomach *bru- (?)
stomach, intestines *m(e)nt-lā-
stone *arto-
stone *gallo-
12 June 2002 Page 121 of 145

stone *karrek- (?)

stone *kluggā- (??)
stone *krako-
stone *lijank- (??)
stone *lwak(k)V- (??)
stone *maKnV- (??)
stone *ondes-
stop *sed-ā-je/o- (?)
storeroom *kuljā- (?)
story *skʷetlo-
strangle *tak-
strap *telno- (?)
strawberries *su-b-ī-
stream *reino-
stream *snāw-ā-
stream *sraw-ā- (?)
stream *sredV-
stream *srousman- (< *-eu-?)
stream *sφrebā-
strength *(s)tolgo- (?)
strength *aφl-ant- (?)
strength *gred(s)man- (??)
strength *krimo-tero-
strength *kʷekʷto-
strength *nerto-
strength *tew(j)o- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 122 of 145

stretch (out) *sī-n-e/o- (?)

stretch out *ten-e/o-
stretch out (e.g. the hand) *reg-e/o-
strew *strow-e/o-
strike (*(φ?)lak-)
strike (*keld- (?))
strike (*teug-)
strike *bat-we/o-, batt- (?)
strike *beja-, *bī- (?)
strike *be-na-je/o-
strike *bono-
strike *bug-lā-(j)e/o-
strike *s(φ?)lad-e/o- (?)
strike *slig-e/o- (??)
striker (?) *dano-
string *tantā-
string *temppu- (??)
string *φari-wets(r)V- (?) (< *-wed-t-)
stripe *s(t)reibā- (?)
strive (*jat- (?))
strive (*wein-)
striving *ad-jatu-
stroke *boldjā-
stroke *wor-limn-e/o- (?)
strong (*oug-)
strong *bolo- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 123 of 145

strong *brosk-o-
strong *bruwo- (sic)
strong *dewjo- (?)
strong *dweno-
strong *krimo- (?)
strong *krip(p)- (???)
strong *kʷekʷro-
strong *sagro-
strong *sitro- (?)
strong *su-nerti-
strong *trātso- (?)
strong (*of big strength) *nerto-māro-
stronger *trexso-
strongest *trex-samo- (?)
strongest *trexsamo- (?)
stunted, dwarfish *korro-
subordinate *wosto- / *uφo-sto- (?)
suck (*meud-)
suck *dī-n-e/o- (?)
suck *sūg-e/o-
suck *suφ-ne/o- (???)
sudden *dīssomutto- (???)
sudden attack, anger *rextV-
suffer (*kent-)
suffer *kant-se/o- (?)
suffer *uφo-dama-je/o-
12 June 2002 Page 124 of 145

suffer, bear *wo-lu-n-g-e/o-

suffix (abstracts) *-tūti-
summer *samo-
summer farm *samo-buti-
summit *brīko-
sun *sāwel-, sūl-(i-)
surety *makko- (?)
surface (?) *landā-
surge of waves *tonno-galo- (?)
surge of waves *tonno-garā- (?)
surplus *wor-kretV- (?)
swallow *(s)lunk-e/o-
swallow *lo(x)sman- (?)
swallow *wennālo- ??
swamp *korkākā-
swamp; mud, dung *kekʷurā-; *kekʷari- (?)
swan *alarko-
swan *elajo- (??)
swan *gal-s-ā- (?)
swan *gansi-
swarm *satjā- / *-ī- (?)
swarm of bees *bit-amani- (?)
swear *tung-e/o- (?)
sweat *switso-
sweat (< *drop) *s(φ)aki- (??)
sweet *bādi-
12 June 2002 Page 125 of 145

sweet *melisti- (?, -st- < *-tt-)

sweet *swadu-
sweet *sweko-
sweet milk *lemrixto- (??)
swell (*brend)
swell, grow *tum-e/o-
swell? *īljo-
swelling *bulakā- (?)
swelling *sweido- (??)
swim *snā-(j)e/o-
swim *snāmu- (?)
swineherd *mukk-(i)ato-
swing *kerd-e/o-
swirl *swerb-e/o-
sword *kladimo- (?)
sword *kledo-
sword *kolgo-, kalgo- (?)
sword *slakk-
sword-flag *a/eli/es(t)r- (?)
swordpoint *φugo- (?)
table *klāro-
tail *errā-
tail *losto-, *lostā-
tail *lostV-
take (*nem-)
take *gan-n-d-e/o- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 126 of 145

take *sel-e/o-
take *tal- (?)
take *tu-kom-ber-e/o-
take off one's shoes *dī-arken-āje/o-
tale *kom-sketlo-
tallow *wero-
tallow, fat *(φ?)louno-, *(φ?)lono- (???)
tame *domo-
tarrying, delay *(ad-)mello-
taste *blast-o-sag-e/o- (?)
taste *mlastā-, mlasto-
taste *tab-a- (?)
tasty *mlits-īko- (?)
teach *wor-kan-e/o-
teacher *wor-kantl-(j)ato-
teal *krakko-swijat- (?)
tear (*reiφ-)
tear *dakr-
tear *leg-je/o- (??)
tear *reik-e/o-
tear *reipp-e/o-
tear *wandā-
teat *diddi- (??)
teat *dilo-
teat *sφenjo-
tell *weid-e/o-
12 June 2002 Page 127 of 145

temple *(kom-)osti-
temple *φar(i)-ausjo-
ten *dekam
tender *meldu- (?)
tender, delicate *teni-
tendon, nerve *gʷjā- (?)
tenth *dekameto-
terrace (?) *skabno- (?)
terror *φari-stei-tu- (?)
testicle *kalljo- (?)
testicle *orgjā-
tetter *derwitā-
that *emo- (?)
that *sindo-de (?)
that is *esti emos (?)
thaw *tā-je/o-
theft *merVljo- (?)
theft *ser-wo-
theft *ster-wā-
their *esom
there *anda (??)
there *kei
thick *rem-
thick *tegu-
thief *tagat-
thief *tāti-
12 June 2002 Page 128 of 145

thigh *mārjeito- (?)

thigh *sφleixs-ont-ī-
thin *ad-koilo-
thin *koilo-
thin *mīno-, *meino- (??)
thin *s(φ)eimi- (?)
thin *tanawo-
think *mon-je/o-
think *rād-(je/o-)
think *smoudn-je/o- (?)
thinking *mento- (/*manto-)
thinness *koiljā-
third *tristo-
third *tritjo-
thirst *tar(s)to-
thirst *φīntotāt- (?)
thirty *trī-kont-es
this *(so-)sin
this *sindo-
this year *se-blidnī (??)
thorn (*akto-)
thorn *delgos-
thorn *gulban- (?)
thorn *kentr- (LW < Lat. centrum ?)
thought *ambi-rādo-
thousand *mīl(j)o- (?, or < Lat.?)
12 June 2002 Page 129 of 145

thread *dlūto-
thread *kulmbo- (?)
thread *snātjo- (?)
thread *snā-to-
thread *weit-, *wit(-enn-)
thread *φatamā- (?)
threaten *tu-mat- (?)
three- *tri-
three (f.) *tisres
three (m.) *trīns (Acc. pl.)
three times *trejo-djo-
threshing floor *φitu-landā-
threshold *trātt- (??)
thrice *tris(tos)
thrift *arkVmm- (???)
throat *brongo- (?)
through *trei, *tri
throw (*koru-)
throw *bur-we/o- (??)
throw *mat- (?)
throw *sφrei-(j)e/o-
throw *tab(a)l- (?)
throw *tjeg-e/o- (?)
throw *φari-koru-
thrush *traskl-
thunder *torano-
12 June 2002 Page 130 of 145

thus *ja (?)

thus *samalo-sindV (?)
thus *sou (??)
tie (*snī-)
tie *φari-nask-e/o-
time *ad-menserā-
time *tanā-
time of day when (also place where) c *esweid- (???)
tin *stagno-
tired *blīno-
tired *sk(ʷ?)īto- (?)
tiredness *loudetā- / *louditā-
to *kʷu (?)
to *tu (?)
to graze *φā-r-eje/o- (?)
to where *kʷei
to wind (*kamb-)
toad, frog *lu/isφ-ant- (???)
today *se-diwos
toil (*sai- (?))
tongs *gabalī-
tongs *gabalī- (??)
tongue *liguru- (?)
tongue *tabāt- (?)
too *φro
tooth *dant-
12 June 2002 Page 131 of 145

top *blakno- / *blag(e)no- (??)

top, summit *korro-
top, tip *rendi-
torture *ri-n-g-e/o- (Ir.), *-reig-no- (W)
tough *wi-t-no- (?)
tow *exs-karto-
tower *turi(t)-
track *lorgo- / *lurgo- (??)
track *φolgo- (?)
track, section *slixtu-
trample *mantr-e/o- (?)
trample *saltr-āje/o- (?)
trample *wor-sang-e/o-
travel (*weg- 1)
travel *reid-e/o-
travel *reido-
travel by sea *rā-(j)e/o-
treason *mrato-
tree *kʷranno- (?)
tree trunk *būsti-
tree, leaf *beljā- (?)
trees, forest *ari-kaito-
trespass *binjo- (?)
troop *drungo- (?)
troop *keternā- (?)
troop *tranto-
12 June 2002 Page 132 of 145

trouble *morketo- (?)

trouble *saitu- (?)
trousers *brākā-
trousers *lātro-
trout *mr-ī- (??)
trout *mrixtil(l)o- (?)
true *kom-wīro- (sic)
true *wīro-
truth *wīrjā-
truth *wīrjānjā- (?)
truthful, just *wīrjāno-
tube *swittā-
tuber *asdo-
tunic *ruxtu-
turbulent; ripe (of nuts) *wix-sk-ī-mo- (?)
turn (*streng- (?))
turn (*swel-)
turn (*wel(a)- (?))
turn (*wert-)
turn *sow-je/o- (?)
turn *swelā-
turn *swelā-
turn *tro-e/o- (?)
turn *wel-we/o- (?)
turn *wertā-(je/o-)
turn around (?) *ambi-sou-eje/o- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 133 of 145

twelve *dou-dek-am (?)

twenty *wikantī
twig *wejā- (?)
twig *wija-l-injā-
twin *jemno-
twist *remb-
two (f.) *dwei (?)
two (m.) *dwā(w) (?)
two times *dwei-φlo-
udder *(φ)utu- (?)
ugly *du-kʷritu-
ugly *sakro-
ulcer *swarr- (?)
umbilical cord *strenganjo- (??)
unblemished? *dī-anami- (, -o-?)
uncle *awontīr-
under *en-sto- (??)
under *tanos (?)
under *uφo(-)
under *φīts-otV (?)
understand (*kʷeit-e/o-)
understand *(tu-)u-n-k-e/o-
understand *kʷeillā-
unhappy *dus-garo- (?)
union *kom-al-tijā-
unique *dī-samalo-
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unity *oināko-
unity *oinotāt(u)- (?)
unknown *an-gnāto-
unmarried *oinotamo-
unmerciful *an-trougo-karo-
unpleasant *an-teki-
unpleasant *ati-kats-o- (?)
unpowerful *an-komoxto-
unskilful *an-kom-dīlo- (?)
unsuccessful? *an-gabagli-
unworthy *an-t??l-VngV- (???)
unworthy *an-tuwilongi- (?)
urine *mūnā- (?)
urine *stalto-
urine *woglo- (??)
urine, faeces *(s)trunk-V-
us two *nā(te)rV- (?)
use *andīljā- (??)
use *bawos- (?)
uterus *wambā-
valley *(s)tinowo- (??)
valley *dolā- (?)
valley *glennos-
valley *kumbā-
valley *kʷanto- (?)
valley *nanto-
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valour *φro-mik-o- (?)

vapour *muket(o)-(orto-?)
variegated *alto-
variegated *breito-
vehement *krokko-
vehicle *reidā-
vein *witt(ā)- (?)
very *abro-
very blue/green *wor-glatso-
very dark *wor-dubu-
very happy *su-garo-
very heavy *wor-trumbo- (?)
very large *tu-ari-māro- (?)
very poor *ad-trougo-
very powerful *wor-nerto-
very thin *ad-koilo-
vessel *kʷer-nā-
victorious *boudīko-
victory *boudi-
victory *kobo-
victory *sego(s)- (?)
victory cry *ijuluko- // *eluko- (??)
view *drixsmā-
vigour *φari-gal-ā-
village *wīko-, *wīku-
virgin(ity) *magutaxtā- (??)
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vocative *ā
voice *gʷutu-
voice *le(φ)mo- (?)
vomit *skʷetī- (?)
wagon *bennā-
wagon *karbanto-, *karbito- (?)
wagon *korbo-
wagon *wegno-
wait *net-e/o-(?)
waking, attention *φarejā-
walk around *wor-ambi-texto-
walking *stebulo-
wall *wālo-
wallow *kran-je/o- (?)
wander *ambi-takto- (?)
wander through *ser-e/o-
want *men-n-dh-e/o- (?)
warlike *āgo-māro-
warlike *bāg-āko-
warlike *katāko-
warlike *su-kati-
warm *gʷer-(e)je/o- (?)
warm *gʷormo- (?)
warm *klit(j)o- (?)
warrior *katu-mīlet- (mīlet- LW < Lat.)
warrior *kenget- (?)
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warrior, hero *neit-s (?)

wash (*lewa- (?))
wash *nig-e/o-
wash *wolk-e/o-, -eje/o-
wash over (cf. rain) *uφo-law-e/o-
wasp *krasrī- (?)
wasp *wosφī- (??)
watchman *φarjāno-
water *(φ?)lendu- (?)
water *akʷā-
water *boglo- (?) /*bVulo- (??)
water *dubro-
water *iskā-
water *lawo-
water *udeskio- (?)
water *utso-
water *φeno-
water *φono- (?)
water, river *stagro-
watercress *beruro- (?)
waterfall *rejatro- (sic)
water-hen *dubro-jarā-
wattled fence *bando-koro- (?)
wave *tundā- (?)
way *bīti- (?)
way *sentu-
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we *(s)nīs
weak *gʷano-
weak *lubro- (sic)
weak (?) *trāto-
weakling *drettillo-
weakness *lexsk-jo- (?)
wean *dī-do-n-eie/o- (?)
weather *sīnā-
weave (*weja-)
weave *weg-je/o- (?)
weaver's beam; gum (of teeth) *karb-agno-
weaving *ande-weg-V-
weaving *weg-ā- (Br.), *weg-jā- (Ir.)
wedding, feast *bano-westV-
wedge *geni-
well-built *su-tum-o/ā-
wet (*lat-)
wet (*weg- 2 (?))
wet *(ambi-??)nastu- (?)
wet *delto-
wet *wlikʷu-
whale *mori-mīlo-
wheat *torjVnā-
wheat *wo-nixto-
wheel *drogo- (??)
wheel *rito-
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wheel *roto-
whelp *kuleino-
when *kʷan-
when *kʷani (??)
where, how *kʷuts (?)
whet *slib-sm-āje/o-
whetstone *okaleinā- (??)
whey *mesgā-
whip *sφrogwillā- (??)
whistle *swīkʷ-ano- (?)
white *argjo-
white *bāno-
white *gelo- (?)
white *kan(s)to- (?)
white *leuko-
white *louko-
white *windo-
white hazel *windo-kolno-
white, gray *blāro-
white-faced *balo-
white-headed *kʷenno-windo-
whiteness *windo-tero-
whitewort *ambranro-windā- (?)
whiting *wind-jāto- (?)
who *kʷei(-jo)
who, which ?
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whole? *φougo-
whore *gatsā- (??)
whore *luttā-
whose is *kʷi-ow- (??)
why *kʷa(s)ir (??)
wide *φlitano-
widow *widwā-
width *φlitanjā-
width *φlito-
wild *weido-
wild *wiltV- (??)
wild pig *weido-mokku-
will *budā-
will be born *gi-gen-ā-
willow *salik-(o-)
wind *dī-reig-n-
wind *winto- (?)
wing *φatano-
wing *φet-t- (??)
winged *φatanāko-
winnow *kʷāti-
winnow *nixto-
winter *gajamo- (?)
wise *kato-
wise *su-wid-
wish *ad-kuφ-ro-
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wish *dūli-
wish *moni-
wish *φrijarā-
with *ag(g) (?)
with *kanta (< *kth₂?)
with a broad chest *breust-āko-
withered *krīno-
withered *wiwo-
without shoes *dī-arkeno- (?)
witness *weidon-
wizard *soit-ālo-
woe *margi- (?)
wolf *bledo-, *bledjo-
wolf *wailī- (??) (-kū )
woman *benā-
woman *wrak-ī- (?)
woman *wrakkā- [1]
wonder *ande-oxto-
wonder *bert-outV-/īto- (?)
wonderful *eretsV- (??)
wood *kaldit- (?)
wood *widu-
woodcock *kesφil-āko- (???)
wool *wlanā-
word *breitro-
word *woxtlo-
12 June 2002 Page 142 of 145

word, speech *gar-jo-

work *werg-je/o- (?)
world *albjo-
world *bitu-
worm *kʷrimi-
worm *wrigantī-
worry *aφo/an(?)-maro-
worry *brugno-
worst *waxt-isamo-
worth as much (< *equal standing) *kom-statlo-
worth, value *werto-
worthless *au-ber-o-
wound *ad-lāto-
wound *gʷan-e/o-
wound *gʷani-
wound *knidā-
wound *krekto-
wound *nexso-
wound *wolījo-, *uφolījo- (??)
wound *wolīs-āje/o- (?)
wound(ed) *goisd-jo-
wound, kill *gʷon-eje/o- (?)
wrathful *amnets-V- (??)
wrestler *luxterjo- (?)
wretched, evil *trukko-
wrinkle *gruggo- (??)
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wrinkle *mergā- (?)

wrinkled *gerbāko-
wrist *ari-durno-
year (*wet-, *wetos-)
year *bl(e)id-anī- (?)
year *bleido-
yearling goat in milk *eburn-īkā-
year's time *blid-anī-wexto-
yellow *badjo-
yellow *blāwo-
yellow *melino-
yellow, brown *gello-
yes *to (?)
yesterday *gdijes
yew *eburo- (?)
yew *iwo-
yoke *jugo-, *jugā- (??)
yoke *wed(il)o-
you *tū
young *jowanko-
young animal *kanawon-
young animal *kuwo-
young animal *menn-agno- (?)
young man *wiro-jowanko-
young woman *anderā-
younger *jeu(j)os- (?)
12 June 2002 Page 144 of 145

youngest *juw-amo- (?)

your *towo (?)
your (pl.) ?
your (sg.) *tu (?)
youth *jowantūt-
youth *makʷ-īno-
zeal *jantu-
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English Proto-Celtic Word List

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English ― Proto-Celtic

(*curly) hair *gourjo-

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anvil *ande-bni- (?)

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autumn (*before winter) *kento-gijamo-

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be able *med-e/o- (?)

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bewilderment *an-dī-mik-et-o- (?)

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birth *sutu-; su-kā

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booty of weapons *wodwo-

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bright *tu-ati-ganī- (?)

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company *kom-wex-tijo- (?)

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cooked meat *wo-luxtu- (?)

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cut, bite *tu-exs-sek-e/o-

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descendant, child *-agno-

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diver (cormorant) *mori-brano- (sic?)

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dung *kagVlo- (?)

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emission *tresko- (?)

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ethnic name *Bojī

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fart *brag-je/o- (?)

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fear *dwoilo- (?)

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(curly) hair gourjo-

autumn (before winter) kento-gijamo-

moon loukno- / louxsno- (?)