EPIAM Matemática IV – Ecuaciones

Diferenciales

EJERCICIOS 4.6
En los problemas del 1 al 18 resuelva cada ecuación diferencial por medio de
variaciones de parámetros

1. 𝐲ᵑ + 𝐲 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐱
𝑦𝑛 + 𝑦 = 0
𝑚2 + 1 = 0
√𝑚2 = √−1
𝑚 = ±𝑖 , 𝛼 ± 𝛽𝑖 , 𝛼 = 𝐷 , 𝛽 = 1
𝑌𝑐 = 𝐶1 𝑒 𝛼𝑥 cos(𝛽𝑥) + 𝐶𝛼𝑒 𝛼𝑥 sin(𝛽𝑥)
𝑌𝑐 = 𝐶1 cos(𝑥) + 𝐶𝛼 sin(𝑥)
𝑌1 = cos 𝑥 𝑌2 = sin 𝑥
𝑌1 = − sin 𝑥 𝑌2 = cos 𝑥

cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥
𝑊=| | = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 − (−𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥)
− sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
𝑊 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 = 1

𝑌𝑐 = 𝐶1 𝑌1 + 𝐶2 𝑌2
𝑌1 𝑌2
𝑊= | |
𝑌1´ 𝑌2´
0 𝑌2 𝑌1 0
𝑊1 = | | , 𝑊2 = | |
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑌2´ 𝑌1´ 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑊1 𝑊2
𝑈1 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 , 𝑈2 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑊 𝑊
𝑌𝑝 = 𝑈1 𝑌1 + 𝑈2 𝑌2
𝑌 = 𝑌𝑐 + 𝑌𝑝
cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 1
𝑊2 = | | = cos 𝑥 . sec 𝑥 − 0 = cos 𝑥 ( )=1
− sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 cosx
𝑊1 − sin 𝑥
𝑈1 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ − tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑊 cos 𝑥
𝑊2 𝑑𝑢
𝑈2 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 = ∫ = |𝑛|
𝑊 𝑢
𝑌𝑝 = 𝑈1 𝑌1 + 𝑈2 𝑌2 = |𝑛| 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑙 . cos 𝑥 + 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑌𝑐 = 𝐶1 cos 𝑥 + 𝐶2 sin 𝑥
𝑌 = 𝑌𝑐 +𝑌𝑝
𝑌 = 𝐶1 cos 𝑥 + 𝐶2 sin 𝑥 + (cos x) |𝑛| cos 𝑥 𝑙 + 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥

Alumno: Rodriguez Chavez, Leonardo

EPIAM Matemática IV – Ecuaciones
Diferenciales
2. 𝒚ᵑ + 𝒚 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙

𝑌ℎ = 𝐶1 sin 𝑥 + 𝐶2 cos 𝑥
𝑌𝑝 = 𝑣1 (𝑥) sin 𝑥 + 𝑣2 (𝑥) cos 𝑥
𝑌´𝑝 = 𝑣´ 1 sin 𝑥 + 𝑣1 cos 𝑥 + 𝑣´ 2 cos 𝑥 − 𝑣2 sin 𝑥
𝑣´1 sin 𝑥 + 𝑣´2 cos 𝑥 = 0
𝑌´𝑝 = 𝑣1 cos 𝑥 − 𝑣2 sin 𝑥
𝑦𝑝𝑛 = 𝑣´1 cos 𝑥 − 𝑣1 sin 𝑥 − 𝑣´2 sin 𝑥 − 𝑣2 cos 𝑥
𝑣1´ cos 𝑥 − 𝑣1 sin 𝑥 − 𝑣2´ sin 𝑥 − 𝑣2 cos 𝑥 + 𝑣1 sin 𝑥 + 𝑣2 cos 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝑣1´ cos 𝑥 − 𝑣2´ sin 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝑣1´ cos 𝑥 − 𝑣2´ sin 𝑥 = tan 𝑣1´ sin 𝑥 − 𝑣2´ cos 𝑥 = 0
𝑣1´ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝑣2´ sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 = 0
(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑣2 = − ∫
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑣2 = − ∫ + ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑣2 = sin 𝑥 − 𝑙𝑛 |sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥|
𝑦𝑝 = 𝑦𝑝 = 𝑣1 (𝑥) sin 𝑥 + 𝑣2 (𝑥) cos 𝑥
𝑦𝑝 = − sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 cos 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 𝑙𝑛 |sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥|
𝑦𝑝 = − cos 𝑥 𝑙𝑛|sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥|
𝒚 = 𝒄𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 + 𝒄𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝒍𝒏|𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙|

3. 𝒚ᵑ + 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝒙)

𝑦𝑐 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 (𝑐1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽 + 𝑐2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽) ⇒ 𝑦𝑐 = 𝑐1 cos 𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥

𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑦1 = cos 𝑥 𝑦 𝑦2 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥
cos 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥
⇒ 𝑊 = |−𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 cos 𝑥
| = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
𝑦2 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑦1 𝑓(𝑥)
⇒ 𝑦𝑐 = −𝑦1 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦2 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑤 𝑤
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥
⇒ 𝑦𝑐 = − cos 𝑥 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + sen 𝑥 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1 1
⇒ 𝑦𝑐 = − cos 𝑥 ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑑𝑥 + sen 𝑥 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
⇒ 𝑦𝑐 = − cos 𝑥 ∫ ( (1 − cos 2 𝑥)) dx +𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2
𝑥 1 1
⇒ 𝑦𝑐 = − cos 𝑥 ( − 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥) − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
2 4 2
𝑥 1 1
⇒ 𝑦𝑐 = − cos 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
2 4 2
𝑥 1 1
⇒ 𝑦𝑐 = − cos 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 (2𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 cos 𝑥 ) − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
2 4 2
𝑥
⇒ 𝑦𝑐 = − cos 𝑥
2

Alumno: Rodriguez Chavez, Leonardo

EPIAM Matemática IV – Ecuaciones
Diferenciales

4. 𝒚ᵑ + 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄ѳ. 𝒕𝒂𝒏ѳ

𝑓(𝑥)𝑦′2 −𝑦2 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

𝑤1 (𝑦2 , 𝑓(𝜃)) = = 𝑓(𝜃) = (𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)
𝑤 𝑤 1
𝑦1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑤2 (𝑦1 , 𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑓(𝜃) = (𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)
𝑤 1

𝑢1 = ∫ −(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)𝑑𝜃 = 𝜃 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃

𝑢2 = ∫(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)𝑑𝑥 = −𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑦𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑢1 𝑦1 + 𝑢2 𝑦2 = ( 𝜃 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − (−𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑦(𝑥) = 𝑐1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + ( 𝜃 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − (−𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

5. 𝒚𝒏 + 𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 (x)
1 1
y(x) = sin(𝑥)_ 𝐶2 + cos(𝑥)_ 𝐶1 + − cos(2 𝑥)
2 6
4𝑦 𝑛 − 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑒 𝑥/2

1 1 1 1
y(x) = 𝑒 − 2𝑥 _ 𝐶2 + 𝑒 2𝑥 _𝐶1 + (−2 + 𝑥)𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥
8

𝑦 𝑛 + 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑥
1 1 − 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑥)2
y(x) = sin(𝑥) _ 𝐶2 + cos(𝑥)_𝐶1 +
2 cos(𝑥)

6. 𝒚ᵑ + 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄²(𝒙)

𝑠𝑒𝑐(ℎ(𝑥))𝑡𝑎𝑛(ℎ))

𝑑 𝑑
(𝑔(𝑥)) = (𝑔(ℎ(𝑥))) = sec(2𝑥) tan(𝑥) . 2 = 2 sec(2𝑥) + tan(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑
= 2. sec(2𝑥)ᴵ. (𝑔(𝑥))
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Alumno: Rodriguez Chavez, Leonardo

EPIAM Matemática IV – Ecuaciones
Diferenciales
𝑑𝑦
= 2 sec(2𝑥) 2 sec(2𝑥) tan(𝑥) = 4 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (2𝑥)tan(2𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

7. 𝒚ᵑ − 𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔. 𝒉(𝒙)

𝐴𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛 + 𝐵𝑥𝑐𝑝𝑠. ℎ

(𝐴𝑥 + 2𝑏)𝑠𝑒𝑛. ℎ. 𝑥 + (𝑏𝑥 + 2𝐴)𝑐𝑜𝑠. ℎ. 𝑥

(𝐴𝑥 + 2𝐵)𝑠𝑒𝑛. ℎ. 𝑥 + (𝐵𝑥 + 2𝐴)𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ. 𝑥 − (𝐴𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 𝐵𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠. ℎ𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ
((𝐴𝑥 + 2𝐵)𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ𝑥 + (𝑏𝑥 + 2𝐴)𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ. 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ − 𝐴𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛. ℎ𝑥
𝑥
𝑌 = 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ.
2
𝐶
𝑌 = 𝐶𝑒 + + 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛. ℎ𝑥/2
𝑒

8. 𝒚ᵑ − 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒆𝒏. 𝒉. 𝟐𝒙

𝑦ᵑ − 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ2𝑥
𝑦ᵑ − 𝑦 = 0
𝑦 = 𝐶𝑒ˣ + 𝐶𝑒⁻ˣ

𝑦𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑢 = −∫
𝑤

𝑦𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑢² = ∫
𝑤

𝑒 2 ˣ − 𝑒⁻²ˣ
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 =
2

𝑒²ˣ 𝑒⁻²ˣ 𝑒 2 ˣ 𝑒⁻²ˣ

𝑦= + − −
12 12 12 4

𝑒²ˣ 𝑒⁻²ˣ
= −
6 6

1
𝑦 = 𝐶𝑒ˣ + 𝐶𝑒 − ˣ + 𝑠𝑒𝑛. ℎ2𝑥
3

Alumno: Rodriguez Chavez, Leonardo

EPIAM Matemática IV – Ecuaciones
Diferenciales

𝒆𝟐𝒙
9. 𝒚′′ − 𝟒𝒚 = 𝒙

Para la homogénea

𝑠2 − 4 = 0

−0 ± √02 − 4(1)(1)
𝑠= = ±2
2(1)
−𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥
𝑤1 = (𝑦2 , 𝑓(𝑥)) = ( )
−4𝑒 2𝑥 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑥
𝑒 2𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥
𝑤2 = (𝑦1 , 𝑓(𝑥))=−4𝑒 2𝑥 𝑒 −2𝑥 ( 𝑥
)

−𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑥
𝑢1 = ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔
−4𝑒 2𝑥 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑥 4

𝑒 2𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥
𝑢2 = ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑥 =
−4𝑒 2𝑥 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑥
𝑥
𝑦(𝑥) = 𝑐1 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 −2𝑥 + ( 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ) 𝑒 2𝑥 + (… )𝑒 −2𝑥
4
𝟗𝒙
10. 𝒚′′ − 𝟗𝒚 =
𝒆𝟑𝒙

Para la homogenea

𝑠2 − 9 = 0

−0 ± √02 − 4(1)(−9)
𝑠= = ±3
2(1)
−𝑒 −3𝑥 9𝑥
𝑤1 = (𝑦2 , 𝑓(𝑥)) = ( )
−6𝑒 3𝑥 𝑒 −3𝑥 𝑒 3𝑥
𝑒 3𝑥 9𝑥
𝑤2 = (𝑦1 , 𝑓(𝑥))= ( )
−6𝑒 3𝑥 𝑒 −3𝑥 𝑒 3𝑥

−𝑒 −3𝑥 9𝑥 1
𝑢1 = ∫ 3𝑥 −3𝑥
( 3𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑒 −6
−6𝑒 𝑒 𝑒 24
𝑒 3𝑥 9𝑥 3𝑥 2
𝑢2 = ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = −
−6𝑒 3𝑥 𝑒 −3𝑥 𝑒 3𝑥 4

Alumno: Rodriguez Chavez, Leonardo

EPIAM Matemática IV – Ecuaciones
Diferenciales
1 −6 3𝑥 2 −3𝑥
𝑦(𝑥) = 𝑐1 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 −3𝑥 + (− 𝑒 (6𝑥 + 1)) 𝑒 3𝑥 + − 𝑒
24 4

Alumno: Rodriguez Chavez, Leonardo