‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~/10~~~.. 0..1~~5 3..~ ~10~1~ 115~0 10 1..3~1100 3~~11~311005 311 0~~.. 1/1~ ~0..10.‬‬ ‫~‪~ 0‬‬
‫‪~/10~~~.. 15 ~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~~0‬‬ ‫~‪3 11)(~0-~0113~~ 0~ 5011..~~ 300 3 0~ 111010.. 10 ~3..‬‬
‫‪1/1~ 3..1113111..~~0113~~.‬‬ ‫‪10 30011100 10 3..1113111..~~0113~~ ~001..01, 3 0~ ~/10~~~.. ~30‬‬
‫~‪~..0~10~ ..~~~0~..311~~ 0..3/(10~ 01 1/1~ 111010..5 300 ~30 ..~111..0 ~0~..~~ 03~/( 10 1/1‬‬
‫~‪511~~1~. 1/115 ~0~..~~-53~10‬‬ ‫‪1~3111..~ 15 ~3..11~1113..1~ 311..3~11~~ 10 1..305~0..131100 5~5-‬‬
‫‪1~1115 ~11/1 1..~~11~01 510~5 (~.~., 111355 ..3~10 1..30511 (~~1)).‬‬ ‫~‪~/10~~~.. 0..1~~5 3..‬‬
‫‪3150 115~0 10 0311~..~ ~1~~1..1~ ~~/11~1~5 ()3~~5).‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~~‪111/1~ 511~~1~ 15 000..~~~~11~~ 011..10~ 1/1~ ..~~~0~..311~~ 0..3/(10~, 1/1~ 110~ ~0113‬‬
‫‪~01110 10~..~35~ 300 ..~~~0~..311~~ 0..3/(10~ 1113~ 001 0~ ~055101~.‬‬ ‫‪10 1/115 ~35~, 30‬‬
‫‪311~..0311~~ 10..111 01 0..3/(10~ 15 0~~~553..~ (~.~., ../1~051311~ 0..3/(10~).‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~ ~055101‬‬
‫~~‪~001..0111100~5 01 3 0~ ~/10~~~.. 0..1~~ 3..‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪~0~~.. (3~~~1~..31100) ~001..01‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫~~‪~~~~0~..311‬‬ ‫‪0..3/(~ ~001..01‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪~/1~051311~ 0..3/(~ ~001..01‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫‪~0111010~0 ..~~~0~..311~~ 300 ../1~051311~ 0..3/(~ ~001..01‬‬

‫‪1/1~ ~/10~~~.. 15 115~0 10 ~001..011/1~ 3..1113111..~ ~0113~~ 01 3 0~ 111010... 1/1~ ~1..~1111‬‬

‫‪3 30~~111~01 013 ~/10~~~..-1~0 0~ 5~..1~5 111010..15 5/10~010 ~1~. 10-143.‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ ~/10~~~..‬‬
‫‪5~11~/1 ~01110 0~ 3 1..3051510.. 0.. 10..~~0-~011111111131~0 1/1~..1510.. ~/10~~~.., 35 015~1155~0‬‬
‫‪10 5~~1100 7-7.‬‬ ‫‪1/115 15 3 00~-~1130..301‬‬ ‫‪0..1~~, 35 5/10~0 10 ~1~. 10-140.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~3~~10..1115 10.. 1/1~ 3..1113111..~~0113~~, 1030 ~11 ~01, 300 10~111 ~11 ~01 3..~ 5/10~0 10‬‬
‫‪~1~. 10-14~,‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫‪3551111110~3 /11~/11~ 10011~11~~ 1030.‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬

‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪0,,,‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪~5‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~..-‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~5‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪..-‬‬

‫~‬ ‫~‪~0‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬

‫‪0~~.‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫(‪(0) 0~8(1~811‬‬

‫‪58~. 10-5‬‬ ‫‪313‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~~‪111~ 3~~(3‬‬ ‫‪3(111310(~ ~0113~~ 15‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪= /(~,‬‬ ‫)‪( 10-31‬‬

‫)‪(10-32‬‬
‫~~‪~11~(~ /0 15 111~ 3~~(3‬‬ ‫‪3(111310(~ ~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪01111~ 111010( 300‬‬ ‫‪11 15 (11=11=11~-1(~~. ~5-‬‬
‫‪5011110~ 3 10551~55 ~1101=11=1~(,‬‬
‫‪111~ 101=1011=10~~( 15 ~/‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪/(~,1,.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 3~~(3~~ ~310‬‬
‫‪01111~ 101=101~0((~01 15‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1, = /(/0‬‬ ‫)‪(10-33‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~()01~31~01‬‬ ‫~‪101=101 01111‬‬ ‫~~‪~1101=11=1~( 0(1‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪(10-34‬‬

‫~‪13~ ~3(~10‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 001~ ~~~1~, /(, 111~ 1=10~~( 110~ 10 111~ 111010( (300 51=1~~0) ~30 0‬‬
‫‪~001(011~0.‬‬ ‫‪~0( 3 11011~ 3(111310(~ ~1(~0111000~130~~,‬‬ ‫‪~(). (7-19) ~30 0~ 31=11=111~0‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪1100 111~ 1113)(11110111‬‬
‫~‪1=1~3/(-10-1=1~3/((11=11=11‬‬
‫‪~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬

‫)‪( 10-35‬‬

‫~‪~)(301()1‬‬ ‫‪10-7‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪0( 5~(1~5 111010( 15 ~0~~(~0‬‬
‫‪~ 0( 5011((~.‬‬
‫~‪= 0.03 11. 10‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬
‫(~~~‪0~ (1 0( (00‬‬ ‫‪((15 500~11111 ~1~. 10-14(1) 1(0111 (1 600-‬‬
‫‪(1(111(1111(~(~5151(111(~ 15 ~~ = 0.02 11 (1110 10~ 11~10 (~5151311(~ 15 ~/‬‬
‫‪0(1()( ~1111 (01151(1111 0110~ 111010( 15 1(,‬‬
‫‪(1~~(3~~ 3(1113111(~ (11((~11115 1~ = 250‬‬
‫‪= 15.27 111~/‬‬ ‫‪((10/5.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪10~ (1(111(1111(~(11((~11115 (0111111110115(1110 0(15‬‬
‫‪11~~11~101~ (1~~1~.‬‬ ‫(~~~‪1110~ 0111~ (~(1~ 0110~ (00‬‬ ‫‪15 60%,‬‬ ‫‪0~1~(111111~ 10~ (3) 111~111‬‬
‫‪~0~~( 1(0111 10~ 5011((~~ (0) ~().111~(11~111111~111‬‬
‫~‪(~5151(111(~ 0110‬‬ ‫(~~~‪(00‬‬ ‫(‪0(1,,,~ ~ (() 111010‬‬
‫~‪5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪(1110 (0) 0~,,,~10~~0‬‬ ‫‪10(().11~.‬‬

‫‪80/01100‬‬ ‫‪11, = 600~,‬‬ ‫‪10 = 250‬‬ ‫‪, 3110 /( = 0.6.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~(‪101(11 (1(111(1111(~(1((1111 (~5151(111‬‬
‫‪15~,~ = ~~ + ~/ = 0.02 + 0.03 = 0.05 11.‬‬
‫‪((1) ~(0111 6().. (10-32),‬‬

‫~() ‪~, = /(11,1~ = 0.6 )( 600 )( 250 = 90‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫()‬
‫‪(0) ~(0111 6().. (10-34),‬‬ ‫‪~04 = 600/(250‬‬ ‫‪0.6) = 411.‬‬
‫)((‬ ‫‪~(0111 6().. (10-31),‬‬ ‫~‪11‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪0(1()( ~111115‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪= 0.6‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪= 360~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬

‫()‬
‫‪~8 = 11~ -‬‬ ‫‪~)~, = 360‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫~ ‪250 = 347.5‬‬
‫‪~(0111 6().. (10-8),‬‬ ‫‪10~ 111010( 5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫‪347.5‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪= 0.01527 )( 250 = 91.03 ((10/5‬‬ ‫‪91.03 )( -,,. = 869.3 (~111‬‬

‫‪(0) ~(0111 6().. (10-10),‬‬

‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪1,1 = 0.01527‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪250 = 954.38 ~.111‬‬

‫‪314‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~~‪(11 ..~~~11~..(111‬‬ ‫‪0..(1)(111~, 111~ 111010.. (1(15 (15 (1 ~~11~..(110.. (1110 111~ )(111~11( ~11~..~~ 01‬‬
‫‪111~ 111010.. (111010(10 15 ..~111..11~0 0(1()( 10 111~ 511()()1~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ()..111(1()1~ 01 ~11~..~~ 1..(11151~..‬‬
‫‪1..0111 011~ 0( 5011..(~ 10 (1110111~.. 01111~11~.. ~011(1~~ 15 015(1155~0‬‬ ‫‪111 5~(11011 7-4, (1110‬‬
‫‪11115 ((111 0~ (1()()11~0‬‬ ‫‪111 ..~~~11~..(111~~ 0..(1)(111~ 01 0( 111010..5.‬‬
‫‪111~ (1()()11((111011 01 0( (110()()~..5 111 ..~~~11~..(111~~ 0..(1)(111~ ((111 0~ ~)(()1(1111~0 ~1111‬‬
‫‪(1 5~..1~5 111010.. 15 ..01(11111~ 011~ 10‬‬
‫‪~1~. 10-15(1.‬‬ ‫‪1.,~1115 (15511111~ 111(11111~ (1..111(1111..~ 01‬‬
‫~ )‪111~ 111~..11(1 01 111~ 111010.. ((1110 10(10‬‬ ‫‪(1110‬‬ ‫‪111‬‬ ‫~‪((15‬‬ ‫~‪01 (1 1..(1115()0..1(111011 5~51~111, 111‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪)(111~11( ~11~..~~ 01111~ ~~111(1~ 0.. 1..(1111 ~01110 ..01(11~ 111~ (1..111(1111..~ 511(111. 111~11 11111‬‬
‫‪1..(11151510.. 15 5~11(11~0‬‬ ‫‪011, 111~ (1..111(1111..~ (11‬‬ ‫~‪~111 ~111 ..15~ 011~ 10 111~ 5110..1-(1..(1111111‬‬
‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪111010.. 1~..111111(115.‬‬ ‫~‪11111‬‬ ‫‪(110()()~..‬‬ ‫‪15 111..11~0 011,‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪1)/11 ~01110‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111..11~0‬‬

‫~~‪011 (1110 111~ ~11~..‬‬ ‫‪510..~0‬‬ ‫‪111 111~ (1..111(1111..~ (1..(1111111011(1(111(~5‬‬ ‫‪~01110‬‬ ‫~‪0~ 1..(11151‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪10 111~ 511()()1~,‬‬ ‫‪()..0~10~0‬‬ ‫‪111(11 111~ 511()()1~ 15 ..~(~()11~~.‬‬ ‫‪11 15 (111 011~-((11(10..(1111‬‬ ‫~~‪0..1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪(1110 0()~..(11~5111111‬‬ ‫‪5~(0110‬‬ ‫‪((11(10..(1111 (15 5110~11111‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-150.‬‬ ‫~‪~1~11..‬‬ ‫(‪10-15‬‬ ‫‪5110~5‬‬
‫~~‪111~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪(1110 (11‬‬ ‫‪~111 ~(1~~10..1115‬‬ ‫‪(15511111111~111(11111~ (1..111(1111..~(11‬‬ ‫‪~11115 (0111111110115‬‬
‫‪(1110 ..1()()1~-1..~~.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪(1~~..(1‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪(1(..055‬‬ ‫‪111~ (110()()~..‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫)‪(10-36‬‬

‫‪~3‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪10~5(1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)(‪/‬‬ ‫)‪(10-37‬‬

‫~~‪111~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪~~11~..(11~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~ 5~..1~5 111010.. (1(1111~ (15 (1 ~~11~..(110..‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫)‪(10-38‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪0,,,‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬
‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪-----‬‬
‫‪1/00‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(8) ()~~~~~1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪1/00‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪-----‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪(0) 0~8~~8~1‬‬ ‫)~(‬ ‫‪~81/610~,,,5‬‬

‫‪58~. 10-5‬‬ ‫‪315‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~11~..~ /(1) 15 1113~1110~ ~0051301‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪0) 15 111~ 1113~1110~ 5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ..30/5.‬‬ ‫‪111~..~10..~,‬‬
‫‪111~ ~()111~31~01 1030 ..~515130~~ 01111~ 111010.. 3~110~ 35 3 ~~0~..310..‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫~~ ‪~00, = ~5 (1 - /() +‬‬ ‫)‪(10-39‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫~‪)3~ ~3..~10‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0111~ ~~~1~,‬‬ ‫‪/(, 111~ ~()111~31~011030‬‬ ‫~~‪..~515130‬‬ ‫‪5~~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~ 111010.. ~311‬‬
‫‪0~ ~3..1~0‬‬ ‫~~ ‪1..0111‬‬ ‫‪10 (~/10‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)~~‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ ..~~~0~..311‬‬ ‫‪~0~~..‬‬ ‫‪~30‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~001..011~0.‬‬
‫‪~..0111 8().‬‬ ‫‪(7-31),‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~00011100510..‬‬ ‫~‪~~..111155101‬‬ ‫‪~01~011315‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪~013..11‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~5‬‬ ‫~‪3..‬‬

‫‪0 ~ (~8‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪~,,110‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫)‪(10-40‬‬

‫‪~111~11 ~1~~5 111~ 111111111111111‬‬
‫~‪0..3~10‬‬ ‫‪5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪01 3 5~..1~5 111010.. 35‬‬

‫‪300‬‬

‫‪300‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~ )‪0‬‬
‫~)‪8(). (10-40‬‬

‫~ )‪0‬‬

‫‪111~5~ 1~0‬‬
‫~~‪311~..0311‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪0)111111. 111~ 1113)(1111111110..3~10‬‬

‫‪0)1113..‬‬
‫~~‪111~ ..~~~0~..311‬‬
‫‪5~~~0‬‬
‫~‪0..3~10‬‬
‫~‪0..3~10‬‬
‫‪11111115 (~.~.,‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪30~~111~01‬‬
‫‪~01110‬‬
‫~‪0)111111‬‬

‫~‪~1111011~11 0~ 5~..1~5 111010..5 3..~ 1..3011100311‬‬

‫~‪10 111~1.. 111~11 513..110‬‬ ‫‪10..()11~,‬‬
‫‪~01110‬‬
‫~ )‪0‬‬

‫‪3 5~..1~5-~)(~11~0‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫‪5~~~0‬‬

‫~~‪0~ ~11~~11‬‬
‫~~‬
‫)‪/(1‬‬

‫‪01 3 5~..1~5 111010.. ~30‬‬

‫‪0)1113.).‬‬
‫‪0~ ..~()111..~0.‬‬
‫~‪001‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬
‫‪11111~ 111010.. 5~~~015‬‬
‫~‪30‬‬ ‫‪5~~~0‬‬

‫‪115~0 10.. 1..3~1100‬‬

‫‪~~0~..310..‬‬ ‫~‪15 11051301‬‬
‫‪0~ 101100‬‬
‫)‪(10-41‬‬

‫‪1~55 11130 0)111111,30‬‬

‫‪3~~11~3110115‬‬
‫‪~11~0‬‬
‫‪1..0111‬‬

‫)‪(10-42‬‬

‫‪0~1~~~0‬‬

‫~‪011‬‬
‫~‪~0..~10‬‬
‫‪1010‬‬ ‫~~‪3 11)(~0 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪511~~1~.‬‬ ‫~‪111115 10.. ..110010‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1..3~1100‬‬ ‫‪511~~1~,‬‬ ‫~‪3 5~~3..31‬‬
‫‪~)(~1131100‬‬ ‫‪~001..0115‬‬ ‫‪..~()111..~0‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪511~11 30 3‬‬ ‫‪30~~111~111‬‬ ‫‪015~..1~5‬‬ ‫‪111010..15,‬‬ ‫‪00..111311~,‬‬
‫~~‪5~05111‬‬ ‫~~‪10 511~~1~ ~0113‬‬ ‫‪1111~111311005‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪3 1351 0~031111‬‬ ‫~‪..~5~005‬‬ ‫‪15 ..~()111..~0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪~..0~10‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫~‪30~()1131‬‬ ‫~~‪0..0‬‬ ‫‪~001..01.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪3~~11~31100‬‬ ‫‪01 3 0~ ~110~~~..‬‬ ‫‪3110~5‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫~~‪..~~~0~..311‬‬ ‫~‪0..3~10‬‬ ‫‪01 0~ 5~..1~5 111010..5‬‬ ‫~‪011~ 10 115 1351 0~031111‬‬ ‫‪..~5~005~.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪~ 5~~3..31~1‬‬ ‫‪~)(~11~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111010..15‬‬ ‫~~‪51301~ 10 ..~~~0~..311‬‬ ‫‪0..3~10~.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 3..1113111..‬‬
‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪11~10 ~30‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪~001..011~0‬‬ ‫~‪100~~~00~011‬‬ ‫~‪10 ~..0~10‬‬ ‫‪111~ ..~()111..~0‬‬ ‫~‪10..()11‬‬ ‫~‪011..10‬‬
‫‪513..110~.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪~110~~~..-1~0‬‬ ‫‪5~..1~5‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪5~~3..31~1‬‬ ‫‪~)(~11~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111010..5‬‬ ‫~‪3..‬‬ ‫‪51111301~ 10..‬‬
‫‪1..3~1100‬‬ ‫‪3~~11~311005.‬‬

‫~))(‪~)(301‬‬ ‫‪10-8‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪0~ ~110~~~..‬‬ ‫‪15 115~0 111 ..~~~11~..311,,,~ 0..3/(111~ 01 3 0~ 8~..1~8 111010.. 38 5110~11 111 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪10-153.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~ 81.1~~1~ ,,,0113~~ 18 600~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 3..111311.1..~..~8181311~~ 18 ~0 = 0.02 0‬‬
‫~~‪3110 111~ 11~10 ..~8181311‬‬ ‫‪18 ~1‬‬ ‫‪= 0.03‬‬ ‫‪0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 03~/( ~1111 ~01181311118 /(1) = 15.27 111~/‬‬

‫‪316‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~-(~0/5.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~~(~‪~.,‬‬
‫‪~(111~11.1(~ (1.1((~11115 111~1111~111~0(01151~111 ~1 /~ = 250~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪~(111~11.1(~ (1.1((~111 15 (01111111.101.15~110 0~5 11~~11~101~ (1~~1~.‬‬ ‫~‪11 10~ 01.11~ (~(1‬‬ ‫~‪01 10‬‬
‫(~~~‪(00‬‬ ‫‪15 60%,‬‬ ‫‪0~1~(111111~ 10~ (~) ~.,~(~~~ .,011~~~ ~((055 10~ (00~~~(,‬‬ ‫(~~‪110~~ (0) ~0‬‬
‫‪(~~~11~(~1~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 10~ 0( 51.1~~1~, ~8~ (() ~~1.11.,~1~11110~0 (~5151~11(~ 01 10~ 111010( ~(1111‬‬
‫‪~5 ~ ~~11~(~10(,‬‬ ‫‪~0~ ~ (0) 11111111111.1111‬‬
‫‪~~(111155101~0(~/(111~ 5~~~0,‬‬ ‫‪(.0,,,.0~ (~) 111~)(11111.1111‬‬
‫‪~~(111155101~ 0(~/(111~ 5~~~0, (.0,,,..~ ~110 (0 111010( 5~~~0.‬‬

‫‪8011.1~1011 115 = 600~,‬‬ ‫‪/~ = 250~,‬‬ ‫‪/(~ = 0.01527‬‬ ‫‪~/~-(~0/5,‬‬ ‫‪/( = 0.6,‬‬ ‫‪~110~,,,‬‬ ‫~~ =‬
‫‪+ ~1 = 0.02 + 0.03 = 0.05 0.‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪(~) ~(0111 ~~.‬‬ ‫‪(10-36),‬‬ ‫= ~‪110‬‬ ‫‪(1 -‬‬ ‫)‪0.6‬‬ ‫‪600 = 240~.‬‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪(0) ~(0111 ~~. (10-37),‬‬ ‫‪~8 = 250‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪0.6) = 60 /(~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪(() ~(0111 ~~.‬‬ ‫‪(10-39),‬‬ ‫‪+ 0.05 = 1.01 0.‬‬
‫‪~0~ = (600/250)(1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪0.6‬‬
‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫‪~(0111‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫‪(10-41),‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪11111111111.1111‬‬
‫~‪~~(111155101‬‬ ‫~‪0(~/(111‬‬ ‫‪5~~~0,‬‬

‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪30‬‬

‫=‪(.0,,,.0‬‬ ‫‪3.274‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪= 31.26 (~111‬‬
‫‪0.01527 = 3.274 (~0/5‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(~) ~(0111 ~~. (10-42),‬‬ ‫‪10~ 111~)(11111.1111‬‬
‫‪~~(111155101~0(~/(111~ 5~~~0,‬‬

‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬
‫= ‪(.0,,,..‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= 160.445 (~0/5‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪1532.14 (~111‬‬
‫‪0.01527‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪0.01527‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪(1) ~(0111~~. (10-38), ~8 = 240 + 0.05‬‬ ‫‪250 = 252.5 ~ ~110 10~ 111010( 5~~~0,‬‬

‫‪252.5‬‬
‫= ‪(.0‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪= 66.14 (~0/5 0( 631.6 (~111‬‬
‫‪0.01527‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬

‫‪1-/0(~.‬‬ ‫(‪111~ (11010‬‬ ‫‪5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~01110‬‬ ‫~‪0~((~115‬‬ ‫‪~111111(11~.‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫~(‪(11111011110 111~ 11((1111111‬‬
‫~‪~11((~01111111‬‬ ‫~~‪511(11~ 1~.,,~1, 111~ ~11~~11.,,~ 10110 (~5151110‬‬ ‫‪01111~ 5~(1~5‬‬ ‫(‪~~0~(1110‬‬ ‫‪51101110‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪0~ 11011151~0 0)1 .,,11()110~ 111~ 0111)1 ~)1~1~ 01111‬‬

‫‪10 11 (11~0511111~ 0(11~10~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0~(~)115‬‬ ‫‪01551~111~0‬‬

‫‪~110~~~(.‬‬

‫‪10 11 (11~051111 1100 11 (1111)1001‬‬ ‫‪0~ 11‬‬

‫~‪0~51(1101‬‬ ‫‪1~11111(~.‬‬ ‫)‪10 (111155 (11~10 1(110511 (~~1‬‬ ‫‪5)151~(115, 111~ ~0~(~)1‬‬ ‫‪(1111)10~ 115~0‬‬
‫‪10 11~11110~ 111~ 1(11105.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪(11~0511111~ 0(11~10‬‬ ‫‪15 11150 ~00~0‬‬ ‫‪115 (/,)11101111~ /)70/(1118.‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪11((110~~(11~01‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (11~0511111~ 0(11~10‬‬ ‫‪01 0~ 5~(1~5‬‬ ‫(‪(11010‬‬ ‫‪15 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-‬‬
‫‪1611.‬‬ ‫‪11115 15 11 00~-()11110(1101‬‬ ‫~‪0(1.,,‬‬ ‫‪1100 0~~(111~5‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 5~~000‬‬ ‫‪()11110(1101 115 5110~0‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-160.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~11‬‬ ‫~‪10-16‬‬ ‫‪5110~5‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~11.,~10((115‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪1100 .,,01111~~,‬‬
‫‪115511(1110~ 111111111~ 11((1111111(~ ~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪15 ~00110110115‬‬ ‫~‪1100 (1~~1‬‬ ‫‪1(~~.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪11.,,~(11~~ ~11((~01‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫~‪0(11~10‬‬ ‫‪(~51510(,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪10 = 1,,(1‬‬ ‫)(‪/‬‬ ‫)‪(10-43‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪-‬‬

‫‪1100 111~ 11.,,~(11~~ .,,01111~~ 11~(055‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 0(11~10‬‬ ‫‪(~51510(,‬‬

‫‪110 = ~01,,(1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫)(‪/‬‬ ‫)‪(10-44‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪~()111.,,111~01 10110 (~5151110‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪5~(1~5‬‬ ‫‪~~0~(1110(,‬‬

‫‪110‬‬
‫‪~0().‬‬ ‫‪= -1,, = ~0(1 - /() + ~,.,‬‬ ‫)‪(10-45‬‬

‫‪58~. 10-5‬‬ ‫‪317‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪...0‬‬
‫~‪= ...0‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪,~1‬‬
‫‪...0‬‬
‫‪- - --‬‬
‫‪(8) 8~~~~~1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1 ~0~.‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪,.‬‬ ‫‪~~0‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪.,‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(0) 0~80~8~1‬‬ ‫)~(‬ ‫‪~8...610~~5‬‬

‫) ‪(10-46‬‬

‫~‪13)1 ~001(01110‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0(1)1‬‬ ‫‪~)1~1~,‬‬ ‫~‪/(, 111~ ~11~~11,,,‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫~~‪(~515130‬‬ ‫‪~3(1 0~ ,,,3(1~0‬‬ ‫‪1(0111‬‬
‫‪~,,,‬‬ ‫‪10~,,,‬‬ ‫‪+ ~0~ 300‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 0(3/(10‬‬ ‫(~‪~0..,,,‬‬ ‫‪~3(1 0~ ~0(11(011~0.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 0(3/(1(1‬‬ ‫‪(~51513(1~~,‬‬
‫‪~0,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪0~1~(0110~5‬‬

‫~))(‪~)(301‬‬ ‫‪10-9‬‬
‫‪111~ (13)(101001‬‬ ‫~~‪,,,0113‬‬ ‫~‪(311(1~ 01111‬‬ ‫‪~110~~~(.‬‬

‫‪~ 0( (110~~~115 115~0111111~051311( 013/(111~ 013 0( 5~11~5 1110101 35 5110~11111 ~1~. 10-163.‬‬
‫‪111~ 3111131111~ 1~5151311(~ 15 ~,, = 0.02.0‬‬ ‫‪3110 111~ 11~10 1~5151311(~ 15 ~, = 0.03.0.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪013/(111~ (~515101, ~,, = 5.0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 03(/( ~011 (011513111151(,. = 15.27 111~/~-130/5.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪3,,,~13~~ 3111131111~(1111~11115111311113111~0 (011513111311,,‬‬
‫‪= 150~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 310131111~ (1111~111‬‬
‫‪15 (0111111110115 3110 1135 11~~11~101~ 11~~1~.‬‬ ‫‪11 111~ 0(11)1 ()1(1~ 01 111~ (110~~~1 15 40%,‬‬
‫‪0~1~1111111~ 111~ (3) 3,,,~13~~ ,,,0113~~ 3(1055 111~ (110~~~1,‬‬ ‫‪~0,, ~ (0) ~0~~1 01551~31~0 111‬‬
‫‪111~ 013/(111~ 1~515101, ,,/,~ (() ~()111,,,31~1111030 1~5151311(~ 01111~ 1110101 3(1111~ 35 3 ~~11-‬‬
‫‪~13101, ~0~~ (0) 010101 5~~~0~ 3110 (~) ~~3/( (110~~~1 ,,,0113~~, ~,,.‬‬

‫‪80)01100‬‬ ‫‪1,, = 150~,‬‬ ‫‪1(~ = 0.01527‬‬ ‫‪~/~-130/5,‬‬ ‫‪/( = 0.4,‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~,,,‬‬ ‫‪= ~,, + 1(, = 0.02‬‬
‫‪+ 0.03 = 0.05 .0.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪(3) ~10111 8(). (10-44),‬‬ ‫‪~0~ = ~,,‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪)( (1‬‬
‫‪= 5‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪- 0.4) = 450~.‬‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪)( (1‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(0) ~10111 8(). (10-46),‬‬ ‫‪,,8‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪- 0.4) = 13.5 /(~.‬‬
‫‪(() ~1001 8(). (10-45),‬‬ ‫‪)( (1‬‬
‫‪1(0~ = 5‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪0.4‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪= 3.01.0.‬‬
‫‪(0) 111~ ~~11~131~0 ~011, ~8 = 450 + 0.05 )( 150‬‬
‫~‪= 457.5 ~ 3110 111~ 013/(111‬‬
‫‪5~~~0,‬‬

‫‪457.5‬‬
‫‪(0‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪0.01527‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪= 199.74130/5‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪1907.4 1~111‬‬
‫‪150‬‬

‫‪318‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪0,,,‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫‪.11‬‬

‫‪01‬‬
‫~‪8‬‬

‫‪~1~11..~ 10-17‬‬ ‫‪~01110111~0‬‬ ‫~‪..~~~11~..3.(1,,,‬‬

‫~‪3.110 ../1~05(3.(1‬‬ ‫‪0..3.~111~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪10-5.4‬‬ ‫~~‪~,..(1~.()~~ 01 ~0~~.(1‬‬ ‫~~‪~~9~(1~,.81.‬‬ ‫~‪8(1~ ~~~05181.‬‬
‫~‪8,.8~~ ~0(11,.0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~‪~~~~11~..(111‬‬ ‫‪0..(1)(111~ 15 ~11~..~)1-~111~1~111‬‬ ‫‪0..(1)(111~.‬‬ ‫‪011 111~ 0111~.. 11(1110, 111~ ~11~..~)1‬‬
‫‪15 01551~(11~0‬‬ ‫‪(15 11~(11111 ..11~051(111~ 0..(1)(111~.‬‬ ‫‪11111~ 50~~1)115‬‬ ‫‪~(1..11)1 ..~~~~11~~,‬‬ ‫‪~111~11‬‬
‫‪15 110..111(111)1 111~ ~(15~ 111 ~..(1~11~(11 1..(1~11011 5)151~1115, (1 ~01110111~0‬‬ ‫~~‪..~~~11~..(111‬‬ ‫‪(1110‬‬
‫~(‪..11~051(111~ 0..(1/‬‬ ‫‪~0111..01 ~0010‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~ 111051 ~11~..~)1 ~111~1~111.‬‬ ‫~‪~1~0..‬‬ ‫‪10-17‬‬ ‫‪5110~5‬‬
‫‪(111(1‬‬ ‫‪(111~~111~111111 ~111~11 ..11~051(111~ 0..(1)(111~ 15 ~01110111~0‬‬ ‫~~‪~1111 ..~~~11~..(111‬‬ ‫‪0..(1)(111~.‬‬
‫~‪00..111‬‬ ‫~~‪..~~~11~..(111‬‬ ‫‪0..(1)(111~5,‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 1111~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪15 5~115~0‬‬ ‫‪~011111100051)1.‬‬ ‫‪1111‬‬
‫‪~)(~~~05‬‬ ‫‪(1 ~~..1(1111 ~..~5~1‬‬ ‫‪~(110~,‬‬ ‫‪110..111(111)120%‬‬ ‫~~‪(100‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1111~ ~011(1~~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ..~~~11~..-‬‬
‫‪(111~~ 0..(1)(111~ 15 ..~1110~~0‬‬ ‫‪(1110 (1 ..11~051(111~ 0..(1)(111~ 15 (1~~11~0.‬‬ ‫‪11 (1110~5‬‬ ‫‪(111 (11111051‬‬
‫~~‪11151(1111(111~005 1..(11151~.. 1..0111 ..~~~11~..(111‬‬ ‫‪10 ..11~051(111~ 0..(1)(111~ 11111~ 1111~ 0~~0111~5‬‬
‫‪11011..~~~~11~~,‬‬ ‫‪~~~11 1110111~111(1..11)1.‬‬
‫~‪111 ~~~..)1 ~)1~1~, 111~ 10~1~ ~1..~011 0~1~..111111~5 111‬‬
‫‪..~~~~11~11)1‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪50~~1)1.‬‬ ‫‪111)1..1510.. 1 ~ 15 10..11~0 --011,, 10 01~~..1‬‬
‫‪111115 11011..~~~~11~~,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪111~ 111010.. ~0‬‬ ‫‪~111 10 111~ ..~51510..,‬‬ ‫‪~0.‬‬ ‫‪111)1..1510..‬‬
‫‪1..(11151510.. (21 15 10..11~0 --011,, 111 111~ 11~)(1 ~)1~1~.‬‬
‫‪1 ~ 15 5~11-~011111101(11~0‬‬ ‫‪~11~11‬‬

‫~‪00..111‬‬ ‫‪~0~~..‬‬ ‫‪~0111..01,‬‬ ‫‪(1 ~110~~~..-1~0‬‬ ‫~~‪0..1‬‬ ‫‪0~~..(11~5‬‬ ‫‪111 111~ 11..51 ()0(10..(1111,‬‬ ‫~‪~11~..‬‬
‫‪111~ (1..111(110..~ ~011(1~~ (1110 (1..111(110..~ ~0‬‬ ‫~~‪~111 (1..~ ~05111‬‬ ‫‪(15 5110~11 111 ~1~. 10-140.‬‬
‫~~‪111 (1 ..~~~11~..(111‬‬ ‫‪0..(1)(111~, 111~ ~110~~~..‬‬ ‫‪0..1~~ 0~~..(11~5‬‬ ‫‪111 111~ 5~~0110‬‬ ‫‪()0(10..(1111,‬‬
‫~‪~11~..‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ (1..111(110..~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫~~‪15 ~05111‬‬ ‫‪(1110 111~ (1..111(110..~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪~111 15 11~~(111~~,‬‬ ‫‪(15‬‬
‫‪5110~11111‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-150.‬‬
‫‪1~0-()0(10..(1111‬‬ ‫‪0~~..(111011,‬‬ ‫‪(15 5110~11 111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-18(1,‬‬ ‫‪15 ..~()01..~0‬‬ ‫‪10 (1110~ ~0~~..‬‬
‫~~‪(1110 ..~~~11~..(111‬‬ ‫‪0..(1)(111~ ~0111..01.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1..~011 (1‬‬ ‫‪(111~~111~111 01 (1 1..(11151510..12~0‬‬ ‫‪1~0-‬‬
‫~~‪()0(10..(1111 0..1‬‬ ‫‪15 5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-180.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~0~~,.‬‬ ‫‪~0(11,.0~.‬‬ ‫~‪1..(11151510.. (21 (1110 0100‬‬ ‫‪1)1 0~~..(11~.‬‬ ‫‪~11~11 (21 15 10..11~0‬‬
‫‪011, 111~ 50~~1)1 ~011(1~~ 1/, 15 ~01111~~1~0 10 111~ 111010.. 1~..111111(115. ~11~11 (21 15 10..11~0‬‬
‫‪011, 111~ (1..111(110..~~0 ~111 ~111~11110~5 111..00~11111~ 1..~~~11~.~1111~ 0100~ 1)1 0~~(1)15.‬‬

‫~~‪~~9~(1~,.81.‬‬ ‫‪~0(11,.0~.‬‬ ‫‪1..(11151510.. (22 (1110 0100~ 1)2 0~~..(11~.‬‬ ‫‪~11~11 (22 15‬‬
‫‪10..11~0 011, 111~ 5~..1~5 111010.. (1~15 (15 (1 ~~11~..(110.. (1110 111~ (1..111(110..~~0 ~111 ..15~5.‬‬

‫‪58~. 10-5‬‬ ‫‪319‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪+‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪~11~11 (22 15 10(11~0 011, 111~ (11010(, 3~1111~ 35 3 ~~11~(310(, (~10(115 ~11~(~~ 10 111‬‬
‫‪50.,.,1~ 111(00~11111~ (~~~11~(311~~ 0100~ /)2.‬‬
‫‪111 1110051(131 3.,.,11~3110115, 100(-()030(3111‬‬ ‫‪0.,~(311011, 35 5110~11 111~1~. 10-193,‬‬
‫‪15 (~()01(~0.‬‬ ‫‪~ 1(31151510(12~0 100(-()030(3111‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~ 15 5110~11111 ~1~. 10-190.‬‬

‫~‪/=0...~8...‬‬ ‫‪~0~9...‬‬ ‫‪~0811...0~.‬‬ ‫‪1(31151510(5‬‬ ‫‪(21 3110 (22 0.,~(31~.‬‬ ‫‪1(31151510(5‬‬ ‫‪(23‬‬
‫~~‪3110 (24 3(~ 011. ~11~11 (21 3110 (22 3(~ 10(11~0 011 10~~111~(, 111~ 50.,.,1~ ~0113‬‬
‫‪3.,.,~3(5 3~(055 111~ (11010( 1~((111113153110 111~ 3((11310(~ ~0((~111 (15~5. ~11~11 (21 15‬‬
‫‪10(11~0 011 3110 (22 15 5111110(11~0 011, 111~ 3((11310(~ ~0((~111 0~~3~5 111(00~11 (22 3110‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪/)4.‬‬

‫‪/)2.‬‬
‫‪/=0...~8...~ ...999819...818081,‬‬ ‫‪1(31151510(5 (21, (22, 3110 (23 3(~ 10(11~0 011. ~11~11‬‬
‫‪1(31151510( (24 15 10(11~0 011, 111~ 3((11310(~ ~0((~111, ~111~11(15~5, 110~5 111(00~11 (24 3110‬‬
‫‪~11~11 (24 15 10(11~0 011, 111~ (11010(, 3~1111~ 35 3 ~~11~(310(, (~10(115 ~11~(~~ 10‬‬
‫~‪111~ 50.,.,1‬‬ ‫‪111(00~11 /)1 3110 /)2.‬‬

‫‪~9~9...59 ~0~9... ~0811...0~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11~10 ~0((~111 01111~ (11010( 15 (~~~(5~0.‬‬ ‫‪1(311-‬‬
‫‪51510(5 (23 3110 (24 0.,~(31~.‬‬ ‫~(‪1(31151510(5 (21 3110 (22 3(~ 011. ~11~11 (23 3110 (24 3‬‬

‫‪+~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~01‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~~. ~.,8.‬‬

‫‪320‬‬
‫*‬ ‫‪(8.) 0~8.0~8.~1‬‬
‫‪~~.‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪04‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫)‪(0‬‬
‫‪-=-‬‬
‫‪~,~~~~1‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪111(0~0‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪10~~10.~(,‬‬ ‫‪10.~ (1(111(1111(~ ~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪(18~8 (100 110~8‬‬ ‫~‪10 10.~ (~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪01(~~1100.‬‬
‫‪~0.~11‬‬ ‫‪(23 18 111(11~0 011 (100 (24 18 111(0~0 00, 10.~ (1(111(1111(~~11((~011(1118 10.(011~0. (24‬‬
‫‪(100 1)2.‬‬

‫‪~9~9..59‬‬ ‫‪..999.,9..~1.0.,.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 11~10 ~11((~111 18 111 10.~ 8(1111~ 01(~~11011 (18 10‬‬
‫(~~‪(~~~(8~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01. 1((1081810(8 (21, (23, (100 (24 (1(~ 011. ~0.~0 (22 18 111(0~0‬‬
‫~‪00, 10.~ (1(111(1111(~~11((~01 (18~8 10.(011~0. (22 (100 1)4. ~0.~11 (22 18 111(0~0 011, 10.‬‬
‫‪(1(111(1111(~~11((~011(1118 (100 10.~ 111010( (~111(08 ~0~(~)110 10.~ 811~~1)110.(011~0. 1)3 (100‬‬
‫‪1)4.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪111~0‬‬ ‫‪0( 1110(~ ~0.0~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 0~~((11~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 ~(1((111~1 (100 (1(~ ~0.(18‬‬ ‫‪80.111~0 1(0111 ~(1~0.‬‬
‫(~‪010.‬‬ ‫‪0)1 70//1 (18 80.0~11‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-20(1,‬‬ ‫~‪10.~ (1111~111110~ 0110.‬‬ ‫‪10(10 ~11((~01 (1~~1~8‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪0~~(~(18~8‬‬ ‫~‪(100 10.~ (1~~1‬‬ ‫‪1(~((11~0~)110~(~(18~8.‬‬ ‫‪~8 (1 (~81111, 10.~ ~0.0~~~(-~~0~((11~0‬‬
‫~‪0.(1(111001‬‬ ‫‪~11((~018‬‬ ‫‪10 10.~ 811~~1)1 (1(~ (~011~~0.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫~‪812~8 0110.‬‬ ‫(~‪10~1111111‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ (1180‬‬

‫‪~,‬‬
‫=‪= ~2= ~3‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1....‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫‪1,‬‬
‫‪1.‬‬

‫‪~2‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪~3‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~4‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~~.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪(0) ~8,,,910~~5‬‬

‫‪~1~11..~ 10-20‬‬ ‫‪~11111()1135~~110()()~(5.‬‬

‫‪58~. 10-5‬‬ ‫‪321‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪(~00~~0.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪010111~1135‬‬ ‫‪0~~(31100‬‬ ‫‪3110~5‬‬ ‫‪111~ (~00~1100‬‬ ‫~‪01 5010011110‬‬ ‫‪~110)(~5,‬‬
‫~(‪~111~11 3‬‬ ‫‪00(01311)1‬‬ ‫‪~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫~(‪10 111~ 3(01310‬‬ ‫‪~1(~011‬‬ ‫~‪01 0‬‬ ‫‪01010(5.‬‬ ‫~‪5~~3(31‬‬
‫‪1000~10(5‬‬ ‫~‪10 ~3~11 ~1135‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪05~0‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪5113(10~.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~0‬‬ ‫‪10-200‬‬ ‫‪5110~5‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪~3~~10(015‬‬ ‫‪10( 111~ ~0((~015‬‬ ‫‪~111111‬‬ ‫‪~110~~~(5.‬‬
‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪11 ~110~~~(5‬‬ ‫~‪10 010111~1135‬‬ ‫‪0~~(31100,‬‬ ‫‪11 ~30‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~(0~~0‬‬ ‫‪11131 ~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(7-19‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪5311511~0 ~11~0‬‬ ‫(‪/‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‪1/211300111‬‬ ‫()‪013)(101001 ~~3)(-10-~~3‬‬ ‫‪1030 (1~()1~ ~0((~010~~001~5‬‬

‫)‪(10-47‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~~ ~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫~~ ‪300‬‬ ‫~(‪3(~ 111~ 3(01310‬‬ ‫~~‪1000~130‬‬ ‫‪300 (~515130~~,‬‬ ‫‪(~5~~~11~~1)1.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬
‫‪4111~~ ~ ~ ~~,‬‬ ‫‪111~013)(101001 ()~3)( -10-()~3)( 1030 (1()~1~ ~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪~30 0~ 3()()(0)(10131~0‬‬
‫‪10‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪(10-48‬‬

‫(~‪113 ~~-10~011111‬‬ ‫‪15 05~0,‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(7-124‬‬ ‫~‪~30 0~ 3()()11~0 101100 111~(015 /1111113(01001‬‬
‫‪~001~00~01‬‬ ‫‪01 ~110()()~(-~~0~(31~0‬‬ ‫‪113(01001~5 10 111~ 50()()1)1‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫= ~‪1)1‬‬ ‫~‪1,1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪(2/17011/)2‬‬ ‫~~_~‬
‫)‪(10-49‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫~‪1,1‬‬
‫‪1 +‬‬ ‫‪(/1111/10)2‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫)‪(10-50‬‬

‫~‪~0111()1135‬‬ ‫‪0()~(311005‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪30~3013~~005‬‬ ‫~~(‪10( 13‬‬ ‫(‪01010‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~5,‬‬ ‫‪~5()~~1311)111‬‬

‫‪111~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪(~~01(~01~0115‬‬ ‫‪13(~~.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫~‪~00510~(10‬‬ ‫‪111~ 30011101131‬‬ ‫‪~001-‬‬
‫‪()1~)(11)110~01~~0‬‬ ‫~‪111 10~(~3510‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ 00010‬‬ ‫‪01 ~110~~~(5,‬‬ ‫‪111~(~ 15 001 010~11 (~00~1100‬‬
‫‪10 111~ ~110()()~(-~~0~(31~0‬‬ ‫‪113(01001~5‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 50()()1)1‬‬ ‫~(‪110~ 11 010‬‬ ‫‪11130 1~0‬‬ ‫‪~110()()~(5‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪05~0‬‬ ‫‪(7).‬‬ ‫‪10 ()(3~11~~,‬‬ ‫~‪00111111‬‬ ‫~‪013~01100‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪1(~~0~0~)1‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪110~ ~0((~111‬‬
‫‪113(01001~5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪101()0(1301‬‬ ‫‪13~10(5‬‬ ‫~‪10 0~1~(0110‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1~~~1 011111~(1~(~11~~5‬‬ ‫‪1010‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪51~031111~ ~1(~0115.‬‬ ‫‪10 01(0)1 (3()10‬‬ ‫(~~‪1(30511 5)151~015, 111~ ()0‬‬ ‫~‪300 51~03110‬‬ ‫~‪110~5 31‬‬
‫‪~~()1 ~105~~ 10 111(~~-110~ 5)151~015,‬‬ ‫‪111~)1 ~~~0 5113(~ 3 ~0010100‬‬ ‫‪110~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪51~03110‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~1(~0115‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫~~‪5~05111‬‬ ‫(‪10 ()3(11~013‬‬ ‫‪1(~~0~0~1~5‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪111~ (~00~1100‬‬ ‫~‪10 111~ 013~01100‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪113(010111~5‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 05111‬‬ ‫~‪3 010111~1135‬‬ ‫‪0~~(31100‬‬ ‫‪01 ~110()()~(5‬‬ ‫‪~0010‬‬ ‫~‪~~0~(31‬‬ ‫‪1(~-‬‬
‫‪~0~0~1~5‬‬ ‫‪~1111111 111~ 5~05111~11)1‬‬ ‫‪0300-~111~11‬‬ ‫~‪011~111 ~305‬‬ ‫~(‪010‬‬ ‫‪()(00)~015‬‬ ‫‪111311 11‬‬
‫‪50)~~5.‬‬

‫~))(‪~,.301‬‬ ‫‪10-10‬‬

‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫~‪~110()()~.5 ~0111.0) ~ 0~ 5~.1~5 01010. ~110 111~~ ~.~ ()11~5~ 511111~0 1110()~.(111011 0‬‬
‫‪-../2. 111~ 511()()1~ ~011~~~ 10111~ ~110()()~.0.1~~,‬‬ ‫‪~, = 220~,‬‬ ‫‪~.01~111.~ ~1.~1111.~5151~11~~,‬‬
‫‪~,,, = 4 0, ~.111~111.~ ~1.~1111 111011~1~11~~, 1-,,,‬‬
‫‪= 15 11111, ~110 111~ 1.~()11~119 01 ~(1~11‬‬
‫‪~110()()~., / = 350 112. ~~1~111~1~111~111~)(111111111‬‬ ‫‪()~~/(-10-()~~/( 10~0 .1()()1~ ~11..~11(.‬‬

‫‪322‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫()‬
‫‪350 = 700 1-12, ~,,, = 4 11,‬‬
‫‪80)01100‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~11~~11.,,~ ~110~~111~ 1~~()0~11~~ 15/_ = 2‬‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪)( 10-3‬‬
‫= ~‪1-,‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫~‪1111-1,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪2,‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪220~.‬‬ ‫‪4~/1-,,,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪= 42.‬‬
‫‪5111~~ 42 //‬‬ ‫)‪4, 111~ 3~~~0)(111131~ ~()0311011 (10-48‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0~ 05~0, 3110 11115 ~1.,,~5 111‬‬
‫()‪1113)(11110111~~3)(-10-~~3‬‬ ‫‪1030 ~1~~1~ ~0~~~111, /11,,‬‬ ‫‪= 220/42‬‬ ‫‪= 5.24 ~.‬‬

‫~)))))(‪~)(3‬‬ ‫‪10-11‬‬

‫‪~ 0~ 5~~1~5 111010~ 15 ~0111~011~0 0~ 1~0 1110111~1135~ ~110~~~~5.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 3.,,~~3~~ 3~111310‬‬
‫‪~0~~~111, 10 = 100~.‬‬ ‫‪~ 51111~1~ 1-~-111~011111~~ ~11111-_ = 0.3 1111-13110 ~_ = 4500‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪15 05~0.‬‬ ‫~~~~‪~3~11 ~110‬‬ ‫‪15 0~~~31~0‬‬ ‫‪31 3 1~~()0~11~~ 01/‬‬ ‫~‪= 350 1-12. 1)~1~~111111‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫~‪~1115101103111~11131~0111~011~111 01111~ ~110~~~~-~~11~~31~0113~1110111‬‬ ‫‪~0~~~111111 111~ 50~~1~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪80)01100‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪100 ~,‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫=‬ ‫= _‪2, 1-‬‬ ‫‪0.3‬‬ ‫_~ ‪1111-1,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪4500‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪3110 /0‬‬ ‫=‬
‫()‬
‫‪1/(270 ~ 1-_~_) = 136.98‬‬ ‫‪1-12.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~11~~11.,,~ ~110~~~~ 1~~()0~11~~ 15/_ = 2‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪= 700‬‬
‫‪1-12.‬‬ ‫‪~~0111111~ ~~50115 01 ~)(3111~1~ 7-13,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1115.,,310~ 01111~ 101103111~11131 ~0111~011~111‬‬
‫~~~~‪01111~ ~110‬‬ ‫‪~0~~~11115 110 = 45.02~.‬‬ ‫‪~~0111 ~(). (10-49),‬‬ ‫‪111~ 101103111~11131 ~0111-‬‬
‫‪~011~111 01111~ ~110~~~~-~~11~~31~0‬‬ ‫‪113~1110111~~0~~~11115‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪45.02‬‬
‫= ‪11,.‬‬ ‫‪)( 350/136.98)2‬‬ ‫~ ‪1.66‬‬
‫‪1 + (2‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪5()~~0‬‬ ‫‪01 0~ 111010~5‬‬ ‫‪~0311~~8‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪10~()11~.‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪111311113111 3 ~011813111‬‬
‫‪8()~~0,‬‬ ‫~~‪10~ 3~1113111~~ (3110 0~ 11~10) .,,0113‬‬ ‫‪8001110‬‬ ‫‪0~ .,,3~1~0‬‬ ‫~‪~01111111101181~ 0~ .,,3~~111‬‬
‫~‪10~ 0~13~ 311~1~ 01 3~-0‬‬ ‫‪~011.,,~~1~(8‬‬ ‫‪0( 0111~ ~~~1~ 01 0~ ~00()()~(8.‬‬ ‫‪111 ()(3~11~31‬‬
‫‪0(1.,,~ 8~81~1118 11 18 (~()111(~0‬‬ ‫~‪0(1.,,~ 31 3 ~011813111 10(()11‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪~011813111‬‬
‫~‪10 0()~~31‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~(~~‪()0‬‬

‫‪011~~0‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪111 300111011,‬‬
‫‪11101181(131 0(1.,,~8‬‬
‫‪8~81~111 038‬‬
‫‪~11~~18‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬

‫(‪010~/‬‬
‫‪~0111(011~0‬‬
‫~‪0()~(31‬‬

‫‪30.,,31113~~8‬‬
‫‪011030‬‬
‫‪013~(3111‬‬
‫‪3~~~1~(311011‬‬
‫)(‪38 ~108~0-100‬‬

‫‪011111()(0.,,~0‬‬
‫‪018111(0311~~8‬‬
‫)(‪01 3 ~108~0-100‬‬
‫‪3110 0~~~1~(311011‬‬
‫(‪1~~003~/‬‬

‫‪3~~11(3~~,‬‬
‫‪8~81~1118.‬‬ ‫~‬
‫~(‪3‬‬

‫‪1381 0~1131111~ (~8()0118~,‬‬

‫‪3110 8~81~111 110111111~3(111~8.‬‬
‫‪~011.,,~(1~(-1~0‬‬ ‫~‪8~()3(31~1‬‬
‫‪(~()111(~0.‬‬
‫)(‪~108~0-100‬‬

‫‪~)(~11~0‬‬
‫‪~081‬‬
‫‪~0111(01‬‬

‫‪3110 (~-‬‬

‫~‪0~ 0.1.,,‬‬
‫‪18 800~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-21.‬‬ ‫~‪1110‬‬ ‫‪8()~~0‬‬ ‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫‪111010.‬‬ ‫‪0~~.~38~8‬‬ ‫‪011~ 10 10~ 3()()11~311011‬‬
‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪30011101131‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪10.()11~,‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪8()~~0‬‬ ‫‪~..0.‬‬ ‫_~‬ ‫‪111~.~38~8.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪8()~~0‬‬ ‫‪~0111(011~.‬‬
‫‪.~8()0118~8‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬ ‫‪311111~.~38~0‬‬ ‫‪~0111.01‬‬ ‫‪81~1131 ~0‬‬ ‫‪~0311~~8‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 0~13‬‬ ‫‪311~1~ 0.‬‬ ‫~‪0111~ ~~~1‬‬
‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫‪~011.,,~.1~(,‬‬ ‫‪3110 111~.~38~8‬‬ ‫~(‪10~ 3.1113111‬‬ ‫~~‪.,,0113‬‬ ‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫‪111010..‬‬ ‫‪~11 111~.~38~0‬‬
‫~‪3.1113111.‬‬ ‫~~‪.,,0113‬‬ ‫‪0~.,,~10()8‬‬ ‫~‪1110.~ 10.()11‬‬ ‫~(‪10 .~810‬‬ ‫‪10~ 111010.‬‬ ‫‪8()~~0‬‬ ‫‪10 10~ 0.1~11131‬‬
‫‪.,,3111~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪0.1.,,‬‬ ‫‪110.111311~ ()388~8‬‬ ‫‪10.011~0‬‬ ‫‪3 1.31181~111 ()~.100‬‬ ‫‪111111110~ 0~.,,~10()~0‬‬
‫~‪10(()11‬‬ ‫‪18 ~()113110‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪10.()11~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪58~. 10-6‬‬ ‫‪323‬‬