ELEMENT -2

GC-2 -TRANSPORTATION HAZARDS AND RISK CONTROLS

1) Describe the physical features of traffic routes within the workplace designed to
ensure the safe movement of vehicles and safety of employees.-8 Marks

Traffic routes should be separated by using hard barrication and to be separated from
vehicles whenever possible reducing the need to reverse by using one way systems
.traffic routes should be free from steep gradients and overhead cables ,should be firm
ground and minimising sharp and blind corners .specified with parking areas for
vehicles .Speed limit to be controlled and warning signs should be displayed ,The area
has to be provided with well illuminated and maintaining good housekeeping . The
traffic routes should be provided with drainage system, zebra crossing points for people
and banks men should be appointed in some areas where signals are not provided.
Emergency parking areas are to be established, free from slippery and poth holes.
2) Outline the factors that should be taken into account when planning traffic
routes for internal transport - 6 Marks
Factors are to be considered when planning a traffic routes for internal transport foe a
safe operation of vehicle movement and pedestrian movement. Type of vehicles , size
and length , consider it should suitable for the environment condition , which type of
goods are planning to handle , is it hazardous such as liquid, solid or gas , is the work is
going to carry out in the night, So consider illumination level , the route should be
sufficient width and free from slippery , Environment conditions are to be consider like
rain ,snow and temperature etc... Drainage conditions, other factors such as number of
people working, pedestrian routes and the work activities carried out, Location wise.
3) Outline control measures are to be taken to prevent accidents when
pedestrians are required to work in vehicle manoeuvring areas - 8 Marks
Divert the vehicles by providing signage’s and Barricade the area and Sign board’s
provision and the workers should have Reflective jackets .Reduce the speed by
implementing speed control system or providing humps. Banks man for controlling the
traffic, Awareness training delivered to all people and crossing points should be
controlled either by signals. The area has to be well lit and pedestrian walkways to be
constructed.

4) Outline the control measures by which the risk of accidents from reversing
vehicles within a workplace can be reduced -6 marks

Installing a one way traffic system to minimise the need for reversing, segregating
vehicles and pedestrians, including separate access and egress and providing clearly
marked crossing places, fit reversing alarms to alert to detection device to warn the
driver of an obstruction, or automatically, Flashing beacons should fitted with the
vehicles, the vehicle should have adequate mirrors and convex mirrors are to fixed.
5) The ware house of a ceramic tile manufacturer is to be developed to increase its
storage capacity and to enable the use of internal transport to transfer the goods to and
from the loading bays.
a) Outline the design features of the traffic routes that should be addressed in order to
minimise the risk of forklift truck related accidents.-6marks
b) Describe additional measures that need to be taken to protect pedestrians from the
risk of being struck by a fork lift truck in the ware house.-6 marks

a) The design feature should be addressed such as providing traffic routes with smooth and
suitable surfaces and with the right width and headroom for types of vehicles that will use
them, eliminating sharp bends, blind corners and steep gradients and siting convex mirrors on
those corners that are unavoidably blind ,installing one way system ,to minimise the need for
reversing , the traffic routes for forklift should be clearly marked-yellow lines .introducing
speed limits and providing speed retarders, the provision of good standard lighting, the traffic
route designed by separating pedestrians and clearly marked crossing points .Procedural
design features like selecting and training competent drivers .

b) Separate the forklift truck and pedestrians by implementing barricades, implement one way
traffic system. The traffic route area provided with Sign boards and the workers should
have high visibility clothes .Reduce the speed by implementing speed control system or
providing humps. Banks man for controlling the traffic, Awareness training delivered to
all people and crossing points or controlled either by signals. The area has to be well lit
and pedestrian walkways to be constructed. For the warning of people forklift trucks
should be provided with flashing beacons and reverse alarm.

10) Identify eight health and safety hazards relevant to the role of a long distance
delivery driver.

 Safety Hazards:- Loss of Control & Overturning ,it may happen due to lose control of
their vehicle for various reasons such as Driver Error, bad Environmental
Conditions such as snow fall , slippery road and sharp bends, lack of proper grip and
Mechanical Failure such as break failure , engine failure . another hazards like
Collision can occur between the vehicle and Other Vehicles,Pedestrians ,Fixed
structures
 Health Hazards:- Long distance driving increases the stress and fatigue , other
hazards like work related upper limb disorders and whole body vibration ,these
hazards increase the blood pressure and other diseases, lack of sleeping increase
mental strain and lead to lack of concentration.
11) outline the factors to consider when assessing the risks to long distance
driver -8 marks
Competency of the driver, The distance to be travelled and driving hours, rest hours
and availability of refreshing areas, the type of load (hazardous Materials) and the value
of the goods, The medical condition such as fitness, Eye sight, The journey should be
analyzed, the type of road condition and the route (Isolated places to be travelled by
alone) environment condition, vehicle condition is suitable for the intended purpose,
suitable for the environment, Inspection and maintenance.
12) Outline the possible causes of a dumper truck overturn on a construction site
-4 marks
Driver error may lead to toppling and overturning, riding the vehicle with high speed
and operating the vehicle in sharp corners with high speed. Overloading of vehicle and
road conditions such as slippery, slopes and unstable road, Mechanical failure such as
break failure or engine failure of coupling system, in flatten tires.
13) Outline the control measures to reduce the risk associated with workplace
transport operation -8 Marks
 The Workplace Environment:- should be designed such as Vehicle Free Zones or
Pedestrian Free Zones.proper Vehicle Traffic Route Layout, Segregation of
Vehicles and Pedestrians by providing proper barrication, crossing point may be
implemented for people and Adequate Lighting, Appropriate Signage should be
installed. In the traffic route Gradients should be avoided and while designing
avoid Blind spots and Good visibility for the operator should be ensured. In rush
vehicle movement area banks men shall be used.Speed limits should be set for
traffic routes.
 The vehicle: - Suitable for intended use and Suitable for the environment such as
per the environment condition and based on the goods transported .Maintained
in safe working order and Inspected routinely before usage.Competent driver
should be appointed.

 The Driver: - should have license and Competent to drive the vehicle, medically
fit to drive, provided with specific information, instruction and training and
adequate supervision.
14) Identify four ways in which people can be injured by vehicles in the
workplace.-4 Marks
15) Identify issues that should be included in a training programme for vehicle
drivers in order to reduce the risk of accidents to themselves and other
employees-6 marks