Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
7(502',1È0,&$
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
&XUVR
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
Ë1',&(
&21&(3726%È6,&26
6,67(0$
7,326'(3$5('(6
&/$6,),&$&,Ï1'(/266,67(0$67(502',1È0,&26
9$5,$%/(67(502',1È0,&$6
(48,/,%5,27(502',1È0,&2
9$5,$%/(6'((67$'2
9$5,$%/(6(63(&Ë),&$6
',)(5(1&,$/(6
(&8$&,Ï1'((67$'2
75$16)250$&,Ï12352&(627(502',1È0,&2
7,326'(352&(6267(502',1È0,&26
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
Ë1',&(
&21&(3726%È6,&26
(-(03/26'(352&(626,55(9(56,%/(6
352&(626&8$6,(67È7,&26
352&(626&8$6,(67È7,&26&DVRVSDUWLFXODUHV
&$17,'$''(6867$1&,$
35,1&,3,2&(52'(/$7(502',1È0,&$
7(03(5$785$
,627(50$
(6&$/$6'(7(03(5$785$
7(50Ï0(752'(*$6$35(6,Ï1&2167$17(
(6&$/$'(/26*$6(63(5)(&726
0(','$'(/$7(03(5$785$
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
Ë1',&(
35(6,Ï1
(1(5*Ë$,17(51$
&$/25
&$3$&,'$'&$/25Ë),&$
)2&2&$/25Ë),&2
&2(),&,(17(67(502',1È0,&26
02'(/26'(*$6(6
*$6(63(5)(&726
+,3Ï7(6,6'($92*$'52
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
Ë1',&(
/(<(6(;3(5,0(17$/(6'(/26*$6(6
/(<'(%2</(0$5,277(
35,0(5$/(<'(&+$5/(6*$</866$&
6(*81'$/(<'(&+$5/(6*$</866$&
/(<(6'(&+$5/(6*$</866$&
(&8$&,Ï1'((67$'2'(81*$63(5)(&72
0(=&/$'(*$6(63(5)(&726
/(<'('$/721
7(25(0$'(*,%%6
75$%$-27(502',1È0,&2
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
Ë1',&(
(5 35,1&,3,2'(/$7(502',1È0,&$
&$3$&,'$'&$/25Ë),&$(1(5*Ë$,17(51$<(17$/3,$
/(<'(-28/(
/(<'(-28/(&216(&8(1&,$6
75$16)250$&,21(65(9(56,%/(6'(*$6(6
3(5)(&726
,627(50$6
,62&25$6,620e75,&$6
,62%$5$6
$',$%È7,&$6,6(175Ï3,&$6
)Ï508/$'(5((&+
(48,9$/(17(0(&È1,&2'(/&$/25
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
Ë1',&(
2 35,1&,3,2'(/$7(502',1È0,&$
75$16)250$&,21(6&2181)2&2&$/25Ë),&2
7(25(0$'(&$5127
(181&,$'2'(.(/9,13/$1&.
75$16)250$&,21(6&21'26)2&26&$/25Ë),&26
(181&,$'26
0È48,1$67e50,&$6
027257e50,&2
0È48,1$)5,*25Ë),&$
%20%$7e50,&$
&,&/2'(&$5127
7(25(0$'(&$5127
7(03(5$785$7(502',1È0,&$
&21&(372'(&(52$%62/872
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
Ë1',&(
7(25(0$'(&/$86,86
(17523Ë$
',$*5$0$(175Ï3,&2
(17523Ë$'(81*$63(5)(&72
',$*5$0$(175Ï3,&2
352&(626,62%È5,&26
352&(626,62&2526
352&(626,627(5026
352&(626$',$%È7,&26
&,&/2'(&$5127
(17523Ë$'(/81,9(562
$80(172'((17523Ë$'(/81,9(562
(-(03/26
,55(9(56,%,/,'$'0(&È1,&$(;7(51$
,55(9(56,%,/,'$'7e50,&$
,55(9(56,%,/,'$'0(&È1,&$,17(51$$',$%È7,&$,55(9(56,%/(
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
Ë1',&(
2 35,1&,3,29(56,Ï1(175Ï3,&$
(&8$&,21(6'((67$'2
&21',&,21(6'((48,/,%5,2
(48,/,%5,27e50,&235,1&,3,2
(48,/,%5,20(&È1,&2
(&8$&,21(6'((67$'2'(81*$6,'($/
&$3$&,'$'&$/25Ë),&$$p=Cte < V=Cte
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
&21&(3726%È6,&26
(QHOHVWXGLRGHFXDOTXLHUFLHQFLDH[SHULPHQWDOVHGHEH
FRPHQ]DUHOLJLHQGRXQDSDUWHDFRWDGDGHOPXQGRItVLFRR
XQDSRUFLyQOLPLWDGDGHPDWHULDDODTXHVHDtVODGHIRUPD
UHDORLPDJLQDULDGHWRGRORTXHOHURGHD$HVWDHQWLGDG
ODGHQRPLQDPRV6,67(0$
7RGRDTXHOORTXHHVH[WHULRUDOVLVWHPD\WLHQHUHODFLyQ
GLUHFWDFRQpOVHFRQRFHFRPR0(',2$0%,(17(
(VWRTXHHVSUiFWLFDFRP~QHQWRGDVODVFLHQFLDV
H[SHULPHQWDOHVWLHQHXQDLPSRUWDQFLDIXQGDPHQWDOHQ
WHUPRGLQiPLFD
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&21&(3726
%È6,&26
6,67(0$
(OHVWXGLRGHOVLVWHPDVHSXHGHKDFHUXWLOL]DQGRGRV
PpWRGRVHOPDFURVFySLFR\HOPLFURVFySLFR
0$&526&Ï3,&27HUPRGLQiPLFD
$QDOL]DHOVLVWHPDDSDUWLUGHSURSLHGDGHVGHOFRQMXQWR
0,&526&Ï3,&20HFiQLFD(VWDGtVWLFD
2EWLHQHFRQFOXVLRQHVVREUHHOFRQMXQWRDSDUWLUGH
FRQVLGHUDFLRQHVVREUHORVHQWHVLQGLYLGXDOHV TXHOR
IRUPDQ
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
&21&(3726
%È6,&26
6,67(0$
6,67(0$48Ë0,&2pVT R+,'5267È7,&2
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&21&(3726
%È6,&26
6,67(0$
&RPSRQHQWHVHVHQFLDOHVHQODGHILQLFLyQGHXQVLVWHPD
6,67(0$GHILQLGRFRPRFDQWLGDGGHPDWHULDFRQWHQLGD
GHQWURGHOOtPLWHILMDGR
/,0,7(R)5217(5$ GHOVLVWHPDTXHHVXQD
HQYROYHQWHFRPSOHWDHQHOHVSDFLR\HOHJLGDGHIRUPD
TXHHOVLVWHPDHVWpELHQGHILQLGR\VHSXHGDQIRUPXODU
ODVLQWHUDFFLRQHVFRQHODPELHQWH
$0%,(17(TXHHVWRGDODPDWHULDTXHHVWiIXHUDGHO
OtPLWHGHOVLVWHPD\WLHQHSRVLELOLGDGHVGHLQWHUDFFLRQDU
FRQpO
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
&21&(3726
%È6,&26
6,67(0$
$PELHQWH
81,9(562
6LVWHPD
(QXQVLVWHPDFRPSXHVWRODVOLJDGXUDVLQWHUQDV LPSLGHQ
HOLQWHUFDPELRGHHQHUJtDQGHYROXPHQWRGH
PDWHULDHQWUHORVVLVWHPDVVLPSOHVTXHORFRQVWLWX\HQ
(VWXGLDPRVVLVWHPDVVLPSOHV
+RPRJpQHRVLVyWURSRVVLQFDUJD\TXtPLFDPHQWH
LQHUWHV
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&21&(3726
%È6,&26
7,326'(3$5('(6
3DUHGPyYLOHQHTXLOLEULR
0LVPDSUHVLyQDDPERVODGRV
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
&21&(3726
%È6,&26
7,326'(3$5('(6
/DVSDUHGHVTXHQRSHUPLWHQHOSDVRGHFDORUVHGHQRPLQDQ
DGLDEiWLFDV\ODVTXHORSHUPLWHQGLDWpUPLFDV
Q
3DUHG$GLDEiWLFD 3DUHG'LDWpUPLFD
Q=0
3DUHGGLDWpUPLFDHQHTXLOLEULR
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
0LVPDWHPSHUDWXUDDDPERVODGRV
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&21&(3726
%È6,&26
&/$6,),&$&,Ï1'(/266,67(0$67(502',1È0,&26
6LVWHPD$ELHUWR
(VDTXHOTXHLQWHUFDPELDPDWHULD\HQHUJtDFRQHODPELHQWH
6LVWHPD&HUUDGR
(VDTXHOTXHQRLQWHUFDPELDPDWHULDFRQHODPELHQWH
6LVWHPD$LVODGR
(VDTXHOTXHQRLQWHUFDPELDQLPDWHULDQLHQHUJtDFRQHO
DPELHQWH8 FWH
7LHQGHDOHTXLOLEULRWHUPRGLQiPLFR
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
&21&(3726
%È6,&26
&/$6,),&$&,Ï1'(/266,67(0$67(502',1È0,&26
$%,(572
,QWHUFDPELDPDWHULD\HQHUJtD
&(55$'2
1RLQWHUFDPELDPDWHULD
$,6/$'2
1RLQWHUFDPELDPDWHULDQLHQHUJtD
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&21&(3726
%È6,&26
9$5,$%/(67(502',1È0,&$6
(QXQHVWDGRGHHTXLOLEULRGDGRXQVLVWHPD
WHUPRGLQiPLFRSRVHHXQ~QLFRFRQMXQWRSRVLEOHGHYDORUHV
GHVXVSURSLHGDGHV
&XDOTXLHULQWHUDFFLyQFRQHODPELHQWHSURGXFHVLHPSUHXQ
FDPELRHQHOYDORUGHDOPHQRVXQDGHODVSURSLHGDGHVTXH
FDUDFWHUL]DEDQVXHVWDGR
8QDYHUGDGHUDYDULDEOHGHHVWDGRHVDTXHOODFX\RYDORU
VHFRUUHVSRQGHFRQXQHVWDGRSDUWLFXODU\HV
FRPSOHWDPHQWHLQGHSHQGLHQWHGHODVHFXHQFLDGHHWDSDV
TXHVHUHDOL]DURQSDUDDOFDQ]DUGLFKRHVWDGR
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
&21&(3726
%È6,&26
(48,/,%5,27(502',1È0,&2
(VXQHVWDGRSDUWLFXODUGHXQVLVWHPDVLPSOH
FDUDFWHUL]DGRSRUODVYDULDEOHVRIXQFLRQHVGHHVWDGR
HQHUJtDLQWHUQDUYROXPHQV\Q~PHURGHHQWLGDGHV
HOHPHQWDOHViWRPRVPROpFXODVLRQHV«GHORV
FRPSRQHQWHVTXtPLFRVN1N2«Nr
(OVLVWHPDQRWLHQGHDH[SHULPHQWDUGHIRUPD
HVSRQWiQHDQLQJ~QFDPELRTXHPRGLILTXHHOYDORUGHVXV
SURSLHGDGHVWHUPRGLQiPLFDV
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&21&(3726
%È6,&26
(48,/,%5,27(502',1È0,&2
6HFDUDFWHUL]DSRUHTXLOLEULRV
(TXLOLEULRTXtPLFRQRYDUtDODFRPSRVLFLyQFRQHOWLHPSR
(TXLOLEULRWpUPLFRODWHPSHUDWXUDGHEHVHUODPLVPDHQ
WRGRVORVSXQWRVGHOVLVWHPD\QRYDULDUFRQHOWLHPSR
(TXLOLEULRPHFiQLFRODSUHVLyQGHEHVHUODPLVPDHQ
WRGRVORVSXQWRVGHOVLVWHPD\QRYDULDUFRQHOWLHPSR
/DVYDULDEOHVGHHVWDGRQRGHSHQGHQGHODKLVWRULDGHO
VLVWHPDVLQRGHVXHVWDGRDFWXDO
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
&21&(3726
%È6,&26
9$5,$%/(6'((67$'2
&DUDFWHUL]DQXQDVLWXDFLyQGHOVLVWHPD1RGHSHQGHQGHOD
KLVWRULDGHOVLVWHPDVLQRGHVXHVWDGRDFWXDO
9DULDEOHV,QWHQVLYDV
6RQODVTXHQRGHSHQGHQGHODFDQWLGDGGHPDWHULDGHO
VLVWHPDFRPRSRUHMHPSORWHPSHUDWXUDT\SUHVLyQp
9DULDEOHV([WHQVLYDV
6RQDTXHOODVTXHVtGHSHQGHQGHODFDQWLGDGGHPDWHULD
GHOVLVWHPDFRPRSRUHMHPSORPDVDm\YROXPHQV
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&21&(3726
%È6,&26
9$5,$%/(6(63(&Ë),&$6
6HREWLHQHQUHILULHQGRODVYDULDEOHVH[WHQVLYDVDOD
XQLGDGGHPDVDGHOVLVWHPD
3DUDVLPSOLILFDUODQRWDFLyQHVWDVYDULDEOHVVH
UHSUHVHQWDUiQFRQOHWUDVPLQ~VFXODV3RUHMHPSORV
SDUDODYDULDEOHH[WHQVLYDYROXPHQ\YSDUDODYDULDEOH
LQWHQVLYDYROXPHQHVSHFtILFR
/DSUHVLyQp VLHPSUHFRQPLQ~VFXOD\ODWHPSHUDWXUD
DEVROXWDT VLHPSUHFRQPD\~VFXODDPEDVLQWHQVLYDV
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
&21&(3726
%È6,&26
',)(5(1&,$/(6
)XQFLyQGH(VWDGR
)XQFLyQGH&DPLQR
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&21&(3726
%È6,&26
(&8$&,Ï1'((67$'2
&21&(3726
%È6,&26
75$16)250$&,Ï12352&(62
7(502',1È0,&2
&XDOTXLHUWUDQVIRUPDFLyQH[SHULPHQWDGDSRUXQ
VLVWHPDFXDQGRSRULQWHUDFFLyQFRQHODPELHQWH
SDVDGHXQHVWDGRGHHTXLOLEULRDRWUR
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&21&(3726
%È6,&26
7,326'(352&(6267(502',1È0,&26
7UDQVIRUPDFLyQ5HYHUVLEOH
(VXQSURFHVRTXHRFXUUHGHXQDPDQHUDWDOTXHWDQWRHO
VLVWHPDFRPRHODPELHQWHSXHGDQVHUGHYXHOWRVDVXV
HVWDGRVRULJLQDOHVUHVSHFWLYRVVLQFDPELDUHOUHVWRGHO
XQLYHUVR
(OVLVWHPDHYROXFLRQDHQWUHGRVHVWDGRVGHHTXLOLEULR
SDVDQGRSRUVXFHVLYRVHVWDGRGHHTXLOLEULRFXDVLHVWiWLFR
7UDQVIRUPDFLyQ ,UUHYHUVLEOH
&XDOTXLHUSURFHVRTXHQRVDWLVIDJDODVVHYHUDVFRQGLFLRQHV
DQWHULRUHV([LVWHQHIHFWRVGLVLSDWLYRV\RHOSURFHVRQRHV
FXDVLHVWiWLFR
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
&21&(3726
%È6,&26
7,326'(352&(6267(502',1È0,&26
8QSURFHVRUHYHUVLEOH HVXQD
VXFHVLyQGHHVWDGRVGHHTXLOLEULR
LQILQLWDPHQWHSUy[LPRVTXHSXHGHQ
UHSUHVHQWDUVHPHGLDQWHXQDJUiILFD
HQXQSODQRWDOFRPRHOS9
/RVSURFHVRVLUUHYHUVLEOHVQRVRQ
UHSUHVHQWDEOHVGHODPLVPDIRUPD
\DTXHODVSURSLHGDGHV
PDFURVFySLFDVGHOVLVWHPDQRHVWiQ
GHILQLGDVPiVTXHHQORVHVWDGRVGH
HTXLOLEULRLQLFLDO\ILQDO
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&21&(3726
%È6,&26
(-(03/26'(352&(626,55(9(56,%/(6
)OXMRGHFRUULHQWHHOpFWULFDDWUDYpVGHXQDUHVLVWHQFLD
6LVWHPDODUHVLVWHQFLD
)OXMRGHXQIOXLGRYLVFRVRSRUXQFRQGXFWR6LVWHPDHOIOXLGR
&LOLQGURDLVODGRTXHFRQWHQJDXQDFiPDUDFRQXQJDVD
FLHUWDSUHVLyQ\RWUDFiPDUDFRPSOHWDPHQWHYDFtD
LQWHUFRQHFWDGDVPHGLDQWHXQDYiOYXOD6HDEUHODYiOYXOD
H[SDQVLyQOLEUH6LVWHPDHOJDV
8QEORTXHPHWiOLFRFDOLHQWH\RWURIUtRDLVODGRVGHOPHGLR
H[WHULRUTXHVHSRQHQHQFRQWDFWRHQWUHVt6LVWHPDDPERV
EORTXHV
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
&21&(3726
%È6,&26
352&(626&8$6,(67È7,&26
8QSURFHVRLUUHYHUVLEOHVLHPSUHLPSOLFDXQDGHJUDGDFLyQGH
XQSRWHQFLDOHQHUJpWLFRVLQSURGXFLUODPi[LPDFDQWLGDGGH
WUDEDMR
8QSURFHVRVHUiLUUHYHUVLEOHFXDQGRVHUHDOL]DDXQD
YHORFLGDGJUDQGHHQFRPSDUDFLyQFRQODYHORFLGDGDODFXDO
SXHGHUHDOL]DUVHHODMXVWHPROHFXODUGHOVLVWHPD
/RVSURFHVRVPROHFXODUHVVHGHVDUUROODQFRQXQDYHORFLGDG
ILQLWD
8QSURFHVRYHUGDGHUDPHQWHUHYHUVLEOHVHUHDOL]DUiFRQXQD
YHORFLGDGLQILQLWDPHQWHSHTXHxD
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&21&(3726
%È6,&26
352&(626&8$6,(67È7,&26
0XFKDVWUDQVIRUPDFLRQHVDXQTXHVHUHDOL]DQDYHORFLGDG
ILQLWDQRRFXUUHQWDQUiSLGDPHQWHFRPRSDUDTXHHOVLVWHPD
VHDLQFDSD]GHFRQVHJXLUHODMXVWHDQLYHOPROHFXODU
(VWRVSURFHVRVVHGHQRPLQDQ&8$6,(67È7,&26 \HQHOORV
HOVLVWHPDVHHQFXHQWUDVLHPSUHHQHVWDGRVSUy[LPRVDOGH
HTXLOLEULR
)UHFXHQWHPHQWHSXHGHQDQDOL]DUVHXWLOL]DQGRODVPLVPDV
WpFQLFDVTXHVHHPSOHDQHQORVSURFHVRVUHYHUVLEOHV
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
&21&(3726
%È6,&26
352&(626&8$6,(67È7,&26&DVRVSDUWLFXODUHV
*DVHVLGHDOHV
p
352&(62,62%È5,&2
p=cte
7LHQHQOXJDUDSUHVLyQFRQVWDQWH
V
V
(FXDFLyQ
V/T=cte
T
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&21&(3726
%È6,&26
352&(626&8$6,(67È7,&26&DVRVSDUWLFXODUHV
*DVHVLGHDOHV
p
V=cte 352&(62,62&252R,6267e5,&2
7LHQHQOXJDUDYROXPHQFRQVWDQWH
V
p (FXDFLyQ
p/T=cte
T
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
&21&(3726
%È6,&26
352&(626&8$6,(67È7,&26&DVRVSDUWLFXODUHV
*DVHVLGHDOHV
p
pV=cte
352&(62,627e50,&2
7LHQHQOXJDUDWHPSHUDWXUDFRQVWDQWH
V
p (FXDFLyQ
T=cte
T
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&21&(3726
%È6,&26
352&(626&8$6,(67È7,&26&DVRVSDUWLFXODUHV
*DVHVLGHDOHV
352&(62$',$%È7,&2,6(175Ï3,&2
p 3URFHVRVHQORVTXHQRKD\LQWHUFDPELRGH
pVJ=cte HQHUJtDHQIRUPDGHFDORUHQWUHHOVLVWHPD\
HODPELHQWH
V (FXDFLyQ
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,, ËQGLFHDGLDEiWLFR
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
&21&(3726
%È6,&26
352&(626&8$6,(67È7,&26&DVRVSDUWLFXODUHV
&,&/26
8QVLVWHPDUHDOL]DXQ&,&/2FXDQGRSDUWHGHXQFLHUWR
HVWDGRGHHTXLOLEULR\GHVSXpVGHVHJXLUXQDVHULHGH
FDPELRVGHHVWDGRYXHOYHDOHVWDGRLQLFLDO
6LODVWUDQVIRUPDFLRQHVKDQVLGRUHYHUVLEOHVODOtQHDTXH
UHSUHVHQWDHOSURFHVRHVXQDOtQHDFHUUDGD
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&$17,'$''(6867$1&,$
/DXQLGDG6,GHODFDQWLGDGGHVXVWDQFLDVHGHQRPLQD
PROPRO
*HQHUDOPHQWHVHUHSUHVHQWDSRUn
0RO
(VODFDQWLGDGGHVXVWDQFLDGHXQVLVWHPDTXHFRQWLHQH
WDQWDVHQWLGDGHVHOHPHQWDOHViWRPRVPROpFXODV
LRQHVVHJ~QODQDWXUDOH]DGHOVLVWHPDFRPRiWRPRV
KD\HQNJGH&GLFKRQ~PHURGHiWRPRVHVHO
Q~PHURGH$YRJUDGR1$ î PRO
(MJUDPRVGHDJXD[HVPROGHDJXD
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
35,1&,3,2&(52'(/$7(502',1È0,&$
&RQVLGHUHPRVSDUDFODULGDGGHH[SRVLFLyQTXHQXHVWUR
PXQGRItVLFRVHUHGXFHDWUHVVLVWHPDV$%\&
6HSDUDPRVORVVLVWHPDV$\%PHGLDQWHXQDSDUHGDGLDEiWLFD
\FDGDXQRGHHOORVVHSDUDGRGH&SRUXQDSDUHGGLDWpUPLFD
&
$ %
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
35,1&,3,2&(52'(/$7(502',1È0,&$
&
$ %
/DH[SHULHQFLDGHPXHVWUDTXHDOFDERGHXQWLHPSR
VXILFLHQWHORVVLVWHPDV$\%HVWiQHQHTXLOLEULR
FRQHOVLVWHPD&TXHHQHVWHFDVRDFW~DFRPR
PHGLRDPELHQWHGHORVVLVWHPDV$\%
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
35,1&,3,2&(52'(/$7(502',1È0,&$
6LHQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHVWRPDPRVORV
VLVWHPDV$\%TXHHVWiQHQHVWDGRGH
HTXLOLEULR\ORVSRQHPRVHQFRQWDFWRD
WUDYpVGHXQDSDUHGGLDWpUPLFDVLQTXH &
HOVLVWHPD&SXHGDLQWHUDFFLRQDUFRQ
HOORVODH[SHULHQFLDQRVGHPXHVWUDTXH
ORVHVWDGRVGHHTXLOLEULRGHORV
VLVWHPDV$\%QRVHPRGLILFDQ $ %
'HFLPRVHQWDOFDVRTXHORVVLVWHPDV$
\%HVWiQHQ(TXLOLEULR7pUPLFR HQWUHVt
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
35,1&,3,2&(52'(/$7(502',1È0,&$
'LUHPRVTXHGRVRPiVVLVWHPDVHQHTXLOLEULR
WHUPRGLQiPLFRHVWiQHQ(48,/,%5,27e50,&2 FXDQGR
SXHVWRVHQFRQWDFWRDWUDYpVGHSDUHGHVGLDWpUPLFDVORV
YDORUHVGHVXVFRRUGHQDGDVGHHTXLOLEULRQRVHPRGLILFDQ
6LGRVVLVWHPDVHVWiQSRUVHSDUDGRHQ
HTXLOLEULRWpUPLFRFRQXQWHUFHURHVWiQHQ
HTXLOLEULRWpUPLFRHQWUHVt
(OFRQMXQWRDLVODGRGHGRVVLVWHPDVVHSDUDGRV
SRUXQDSDUHGGLDWpUPLFDOOHJDDDOFDQ]DUHO
HTXLOLEULRWpUPLFR
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
7(03(5$785$
/D7(03(5$785$ GHXQVLVWHPDHVXQDSURSLHGDG
TXHGHWHUPLQDVLVHHQFXHQWUDRQRHQHTXLOLEULR
WpUPLFRFRQRWURVVLVWHPDV
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
7(03(5$785$
,627(50$
/XJDUJHRPpWULFRGHWRGRVORVSXQWRVTXHUHSUHVHQWDQ
HVWDGRVGHXQVLVWHPDTXHHVWiQHQHTXLOLEULRWpUPLFRFRQXQ
~QLFRHVWDGRGHRWURVLVWHPD\TXHSRUWDQWRHVWiQHQ
HTXLOLEULRWpUPLFRHQWUHVt
S$ S%
,VRWHUPD
$ %
9$ 9%
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
7(03(5$785$
,627(50$
,VRWHUPD,
&RQMXQWRGHHVWDGRVGHOVLVWHPD$HQHTXLOLEULRWpUPLFRFRQ%
,VRWHUPDV,\,¶
,VRWHUPDVFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHV,GHP ,,\,,¶,,,\,,,¶HWF
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
7(03(5$785$
(6&$/$6'(7(03(5$785$
(VWDEOHFHUXQDHVFDODGH
WHPSHUDWXUDVFRQVLVWHHQDVLJQDU
GHIRUPDELXQtYRFDXQQ~PHURD
FDGDFRQMXQWRGHLVRWHUPDV
FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHV
/DWHPSHUDWXUDDVRFLDGDDFDGD
LVRWHUPDVHWRPDGHPRGRTXHVHD
XQDIXQFLyQFyPRGDș;GHOD;
GHOSXQWRGHLQWHUVHFFLyQ
/DFRRUGHQDGD;VHGHQRPLQD0$*1,78'7(5020e75,&$
\ODIRUPDGHODIXQFLyQș;GHWHUPLQDODHVFDODGH
WHPSHUDWXUD
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
7(03(5$785$
(6&$/$6'(7(03(5$785$
6HHVWDEOHFHHOHTXLOLEULRWpUPLFRHQWUHXQVLVWHPDSDWUyQ\
HOVLVWHPDLQFyJQLWDFRQHOREMHWRGHPHGLUODWHPSHUDWXUD
GHpVWH
0$*1,78'
7(50Ï0(752 6Ë0%2/2
7(5020e75,&$
*DVDYROXPHQFRQVWDQWH SUHVLyQ S
*DVDSUHVLyQFRQVWDQWH YROXPHQ 9
5HVLVWHQFLDHOpFWULFD 5HVLVWHQFLD 5
3DUWHUPRHOpFWULFR IHPWpUPLFD H
&ROXPQDOtTXLGDHQFDSLODU ORQJLWXG /
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
7(03(5$785$
7(50Ï0(752'(*$6$35(6,Ï1&2167$17(
V1 V2 V3 V4 9DULDEOH7HUPRPpWULFD
T1 T2 T3 T4
V
7HPSHUDWXUDHPStULFD
)XQFLyQJHQHUDOPHQWHOLQHDOTXHHVWDEOHFHXQD
DVLJQDFLyQHQWUHODSURSLHGDGWHUPRPpWULFD\OD
WHPSHUDWXUD
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
7(03(5$785$
(6&$/$'(/26*$6(63(5)(&726
7(03(5$785$$%62/87$
6HGHILQHDSDUWLUGHOWHUPyPHWURGHJDVLGHDODYROXPHQ
FRQVWDQWH\DVLJQDDOSXQWRWULSOHGHO+SXQWRGRQGH
FRH[LVWHQODVWUHVIRUPDVGHDJUHJDFLyQVyOLGROtTXLGR\
JDVHOYDORUGH.
(ORWURSXQWRILMRHVHO.RUHSRVRDEVROXWRGHXQJDV
LGHDO
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
7(03(5$785$
(6&$/$'(/26*$6(63(5)(&726
7(03(5$785$$%62/87$
/DHVFDODGHORVJDVHVSHUIHFWRVVHREWLHQHDSDUWLUGHXQJDV
SHUIHFWRDYROXPHQFRQVWDQWH
(OYDORUGHODWHPSHUDWXUD7HVLQGHSHQGLHQWHGHOJDVXWLOL]DGR
VLpVWHHVSHUIHFWR
P
P2 72
P1
71
8QLGDGNHOYLQ.
V
7(03(5$785$
0(','$'(/$7(03(5$785$
7HUPyPHWURGH*DVDYROXPHQFRQVWDQWHV=V0=cte n cte
(OQLYHO³a´GHEHVHUVLHPSUHHOPLVPR
6HGHEHHOHJLUXQDYDULDEOHWHUPRPpWULFD
IiFLOGHPHGLUTXHFDPELHFRQOD
h WHPSHUDWXUD3RUHMHPSORODDOWXUDh
a
'HQVLGDGGHOPHUFXULR
*DV Hg
VT
6LVWHPDGHT
GHVFRQRFLGD 3HUPLWHHQUDVDUHOQLYHOGH+JSDUDTXHHO
QLYHO³a´QRYDUtHV=cte
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
35(6,Ï1
3URSLHGDGTXHFDUDFWHUL]DDOHTXLOLEULRPHFiQLFRGH
GRVVLVWHPDV
8QIOXLGRHMHUFHXQDSUHVLyQSHUSHQGLFXODUVREUHODV
SDUHGHVGHOUHFLSLHQWHTXHORFRQWLHQHRVLVHDtVOD
XQDSDUWHVREUHODIURQWHUD
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
35(6,Ï1
3UHVLyQDWPRVIpULFD(VODTXHHMHUFHODDWPyVIHUD
3UHVLyQPDQRPpWULFD(VODPHGLGDSRUORVDSDUDWRV
DWP
8QLGDGHV6,3DVFDO3D
2WUDVXQLGDGHVEDUEDU EDULDDWPyVIHUDDWP7RUULFHOOL
7RUU PP+J
(TXLYDOHQFLDV
DWP 3D EDU PP+J
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
(1(5*Ë$,17(51$U
(VODHQHUJtDGHXQVLVWHPDHQHVWDGRGHHTXLOLEULR
FRQUHVSHFWRDXQQLYHOGHUHIHUHQFLD
(VVXPDGHODVHQHUJtDVSRWHQFLDOLQWHUQD\FLQpWLFDGH
ODVSDUWtFXODV
(VXQDYDULDEOHH[WHQVLYD\HVDGLWLYD
(VIXQFLyQGHHVWDGR
8QLGDGHV6,-XOLR-
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
&$/25Q
7UDQVIHUHQFLDGHHQHUJtDHQWUHHOVLVWHPD\HODPELHQWH
HQDXVHQFLDGHPRYLPLHQWRPDFURVFySLFRFDXVDGDSRU
XQDGLIHUHQFLDGHWHPSHUDWXUD
/DFDXVDHVODLQWHUDFFLyQFROLVLRQHVHQWUHORViWRPRV
GHOVLVWHPD\ORVGHODPELHQWHHQODIURQWHUDHQWUHDPERV
1RHVXQDIRUPDGHHQHUJtDVLQRXQDIRUPDGH
WUDQVIHULUOD
12HVIXQFLyQGHHVWDGR Q
8QLGDGHV6,-XOLR-
2WUDVXQLGDGHVFDORUtDFDO
(TXLYDOHQFLDFDO - 3DUHG$GLDEiWLFD 3DUHG'LDWpUPLFD
Q
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&$3$&,'$'&$/25Ë),&$C
([SHULPHQWDOPHQWHVHFRPSUXHEDTXHHOFDORUQHFHVDULR
SDUDHOHYDUODWHPSHUDWXUDGHXQVLVWHPDGHPDVDm GHVGH
T KDVWDTdT HV
&DSDFLGDGFDORUtILFDGHXQSURFHVR
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
&$3$&,'$'&$/25Ë),&$C
6LHOSURFHVRVHUHDOL]DDSUHVLyQFRQVWDQWH
6LHOSURFHVRVHUHDOL]DDYROXPHQFRQVWDQWH
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&$3$&,'$'&$/25Ë),&$C
/DFDSDFLGDGFDORUtILFDGHXQSURFHVRHVXQDYDULDEOH
H[WHQVLYD
&DORUHVSHFtILFRPRODU
&DORUHVSHFtILFR
6RQIXQFLRQHVGHHVWDGR
(FXDFLyQGHGLPHQVLRQHV
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
&$3$&,'$'&$/25Ë),&$C
$SOLFDFLRQHVSURFHVRVFXDVLHVWiWLFRVRUHYHUVLEOHV
&DORUODWHQWHGHIXVLyQ
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&$3$&,'$'&$/25Ë),&$C
$SOLFDFLRQHVSURFHVRVFXDVLHVWiWLFRVRUHYHUVLEOHV
7HPSHUDWXUDILQDOGHODPH]FOD
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
)2&2&$/25Ë),&2)XHQWHWpUPLFD
0RGHORTXHVHGHILQHFRPRXQFXHUSRGHPDVDWDQ
JUDQGHTXHSXHGHLQWHUFDPELDUFDQWLGDGHVLOLPLWDGDV
GHFDORUVLQYDULDFLyQDSUHFLDEOHQLGHVXWHPSHUDWXUDQL
GHFXDOTXLHURWUDGHVXVYDULDEOHVWHUPRGLQiPLFDV
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&2(),&,(17(67(502',1È0,&26
&RHILFLHQWHGH'LODWDFLyQ,VREiULFD
&RHILFLHQWHGH&RPSUHVLELOLGDG,VRWpUPLFD
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
&2(),&,(17(67(502',1È0,&26
&RHILFLHQWH3LH]RWpUPLFR,VyFRUR
(QHOFDVRGHJDVHVSHUIHFWRVPV=nRT
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&2(),&,(17(67(502',1È0,&26
3URSLHGDGHV
)XQFLyQ,QYHUVD
7HRUHPDGHUHFLSURFLGDG
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
02'(/26'(*$6(6
*DVLGHDORVHPLSHUIHFWR
6LVWHPDGHSDUWtFXODVLJXDOHVPLFURVFySLFDVFRQ
LQWHUDFFLyQGHVSUHFLDEOHHQWUHHOODV
/RVJDVHVUHDOHVVHDSUR[LPDQDHVWHPRGHORDEDMD
SUHVLyQ\DOWDWHPSHUDWXUDEDMDGHQVLGDG
*DVSHUIHFWR
*DVHVLGHDOHVFRQFDORUHVHVSHFtILFRVFRQVWDQWHVHVGHFLU
DTXHOHQHOTXHODGLIHUHQFLDGHHQHUJtDLQWHUQD\GH
HQWDOStDHVSURSRUFLRQDODODGLIHUHQFLDGHWHPSHUDWXUD
HQWUHGRVHVWDGRV
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
02'(/26'(*$6(6
*DV,GHDOR6HPLSHUIHFWR
*DV3HUIHFWR
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
*$6(63(5)(&726
*DVPRQRDWyPLFR
*DVGLDWyPLFR
ËQGLFH$GLDEiWLFRFRHILFLHQWHGH3RLVVRQ
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
+,3Ï7(6,6'($92*$'52
8QPROGHFXDOTXLHUJDVLGHDORFXSDHOPLVPRYROXPHQD
SUHVLyQ\WHPSHUDWXUDGDGRVV=R cte
9RO~PHQHVLJXDOHVGHJDVHVLGHDOHVDODPLVPDSUHVLyQp
\WHPSHUDWXUDTFRQWLHQHQHOPLVPRQXPHURGHPROpFXODV
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
/(<(6(;3(5,0(17$/(6
'(/26*$6(6
/(<'(%2</(0$5,277(
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
/(<(6(;3(5,0(17$/(6
'(/26*$6(6
35,0(5$/(<'(&+$5/(6*$</866$&
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
/(<(6(;3(5,0(17$/(6
'(/26*$6(6
6(*81'$/(<'(&+$5/(6*$</866$&
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
/(<(6(;3(5,0(17$/(6
'(/26*$6(6
/(<(6'(&+$5/(6*$</866$&
/DVOH\HVDQWHULRUHVODVFXPSOHQORVJDVHVUHDOHVGH
IRUPDDSUR[LPDGD/RVJDVHVSHUIHFWRVSRUGHILQLFLyQ
FXPSOHQH[DFWDPHQWH ODVOH\HVDQWHULRUHVFRQ
FRHILFLHQWHV
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
/(<(6(;3(5,0(17$/(6
'(/26*$6(6
/(<(6'(&+$5/(6*$</866$&
<ODVOH\HVGH*D\/XVVDFTXHGDQGHODIRUPDKDELWXDO
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
(&8$&,Ï1'((67$'2'(81*$63(5)(&72
&RPELQDQGRODVOH\HVDQWHULRUHVVHREWLHQHXQDHFXDFLyQ
TXHUHODFLRQDODSUHVLyQHOYROXPHQ\ODWHPSHUDWXUDGHXQ
JDVSHUIHFWRHQFDGDXQRGHVXVHVWDGRVGHHTXLOLEULR
(VWDHFXDFLyQGHODIRUPDf(p,V,T)=0VHGHQRPLQDHFXDFLyQ
GHHVWDGRGHORVJDVHVSHUIHFWRV
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
0(=&/$'(*$6(6
3(5)(&726
/(<'('$/721
/DSUHVLyQHMHUFLGDSRUXQDPH]FODGHJDVHVSHUIHFWRVHV
LJXDODODVXPDGHODVSUHVLRQHVTXHFDGDXQRGHORVJDVHV
HMHUFHUtDVLRFXSDVHpOVRORWRGRHOYROXPHQDODPLVPD
WHPSHUDWXUD
)UDFFLyQPRODU
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
0(=&/$'(*$6(6
3(5)(&726
7(25(0$'(*,%%6
/DSURSLHGDGWHUPRGLQiPLFDWRWDOHQHUJtDLQWHUQD
SUHVLyQHQWDOStDHWFGHXQDPH]FODGHJDVHV
SHUIHFWRVHVLJXDODODVXPDSDUDWRGRVORVJDVHV
GHODPH]FODGHODSURSLHGDGTXHLQGLYLGXDOPHQWH
WHQGUtDFDGDXQRGHHOORVVLRFXSDVHpOVRORWRGRHO
YROXPHQGHODPH]FODDODPLVPDWHPSHUDWXUD
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
75$%$-27(502',1È0,&2
7UDQVIHUHQFLDGHHQHUJtDSRUPRYLPLHQWRPDFURVFySLFRGHOD
IURQWHUD
1RHVIXQFLyQGHHVWDGRSRUTXHHVXQDIRUPDGHIOXLUOD
HQHUJtD\SRUWDQWRGHSHQGHGHOSURFHVR
6HUHDOL]DWUDEDMRVLHOYROXPHQDXPHQWDH[SDQVLyQ
6HDEVRUEHWUDEDMRVLHOYROXPHQGLVPLQX\HFRPSUHVLyQ
W
3DUHG5tJLGD
3DUHG0yYLO
W=0
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
75$%$-27(502',1È0,&2
6XPDQGRSDUDWRGRVORVHOHPHQWRVi
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
75$%$-27(502',1È0,&2
(OWUDEDMRGHXQVLVWHPDWHUPRGLQiPLFRTXHHYROXFLRQDGHXQ
YROXPHQV1 DXQYROXPHQ V2 VLHPSUH VHSXHGHH[SUHVDUFRPR
6LHOSURFHVRHVFXDVLHVWiWLFRRUHYHUVLEOHpext=pi±'p
FRQORTXHVRODPHQWHHQHVWRVSURFHVRV
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
75$%$-2
7(502',1È0,&2
',$*5$0$p-V 2'(&/$3(<521
(OWUDEDMRYLHQHUHSUHVHQWDGRJUiILFDPHQWHSRUHOiUHD
p p
V
V1 V2 V V2 V1
([SDQVLyQV2!V1 &RPSUHVLyQV2V1
7UDEDMRQHJDWLYRW0 7UDEDMRSRVLWLYRW!0
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
75$%$-2
7(502',1È0,&2
',$*5$0$p-V 2'(&/$3(<521
(QHOFDVRGHFLFORVVHOODPDGLDJUDPDLQGLFDGRU
p p
V V
&LFORPRWRU &LFORUHIULJHUDQWH
7UDEDMRQHJDWLYR 7UDEDMRSRVLWLYR
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
(5 35,1&,3,2'(/$7(502',1È0,&$
(QFXDOTXLHUSURFHVRUHYHUVLEOHRQRGHXQ
VLVWHPDFHUUDGRVHYHULILFDTXHODHQHUJtD
LQWHUQDUVDWLVIDFH
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
(5 35,1&,3,2'(/$7(502',1È0,&$
(VGHFLU
6LHOVLVWHPDVHH[SDQGH
6LHOVLVWHPDVHFRQWUDH
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
(5 35,1&,3,2'(/$7(502',1È0,&$
Q
9DULDFLyQGHHQHUJtDGHODVPROpFXODVGHOVLVWHPD
DOFROLVLRQDUFRQODVPROpFXODVGHODSDUHG
DOWHUDQGRHOPRYLPLHQWRYLEUDFLRQDOGHVXViWRPRV
W
9DULDFLyQGHHQHUJtDGHODVPROpFXODVGHOVLVWHPD
DOFROLVLRQDUFRQODVPROpFXODVGHODSDUHG
SURGXFLHQGRXQGHVSOD]DPLHQWRGHpVWD
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
(5 35,1&,3,2'(/$7(502',1È0,&$
&ULWHULRGH6LJQRV
Q ! Q
W<
W !
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
(5 35,1&,3,2'(/$7(502',1È0,&$
,PSRVLELOLGDGGHOPyYLOSHUSHWXRGHHVSHFLH
(QXQSURFHVRFtFOLFR
(VLPSRVLEOHFRQVWUXLUXQDPiTXLQDTXH
IXQFLRQDQGRFtFOLFDPHQWHSURGX]FDWUDEDMRVLQ
DEVRUEHUXQDFDQWLGDGHTXLYDOHQWHGHFDORU
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
(5 35,1&,3,2'(/$7(502',1È0,&$
(QXQSURFHVRHOHPHQWDO
(QXQSURFHVRILQLWRUHYHUVLEOHRQR
(QXQSURFHVRFtFOLFR
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&$3$&,'$'&$/25Ë),&$(1(5*Ë$,17(51$<(17$/3,$
/DHQHUJtDLQWHUQDHVXQDYDULDEOHH[WHQVLYDTXHHV
)81&,Ï1'((67$'2 GHOVLVWHPD
U=U (T,V
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
&$3$&,'$'&$/25Ë),&$(1(5*Ë$,17(51$<(17$/3,$
6LHOSURFHVRGHOVLVWHPDHVLVRFRURDYROXPHQFRQVWDQWH
<FRPR
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&$3$&,'$'&$/25Ë),&$(1(5*Ë$,17(51$<(17$/3,$
6HGHILQHXQDIXQFLyQH
TXHVHGHQRPLQD(17$/3Ë$ \TXHHVXQDIXQFLyQGH
HVWDGRSRUVHUFRPELQDFLyQDOJHEUDLFDGHYDULDEOHV\
IXQFLRQHVGHHVWDGR
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
&$3$&,'$'&$/25Ë),&$(1(5*Ë$,17(51$<(17$/3,$
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&$3$&,'$'&$/25Ë),&$(1(5*Ë$,17(51$<(17$/3,$
6LHOSURFHVRGHOVLVWHPDHVLVREDURDSUHVLyQFRQVWDQWH
<FRPR
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
&$3$&,'$'&$/25Ë),&$(1(5*Ë$,17(51$<(17$/3,$
$SDUWLUGHODVGHILQLFLRQHVHVLPSRVLEOHHQFRQWUDUORV
YDORUHVDEVROXWRVGHODHQHUJtDLQWHUQD\GHODHQWDOStDHQ
XQHVWDGRGHWHUPLQDGR
ÒQLFDPHQWHSRGHPRVFDOFXODUVXVYDULDFLRQHVHQXQ
SURFHVR
(QUHDOLGDGVRQHVWDVYDULDFLRQHVODVTXHLQWHUHVDFRQRFHU
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&$3$&,'$'&$/25Ë),&$(1(5*Ë$,17(51$<(17$/3,$
352&(626$92/80(1&2167$17(
(OFDORULQWHUFDPELDGRDYROXPHQFRQVWDQWHHVLJXDOD
ODYDULDFLyQGHODHQHUJtDLQWHUQDGHOVLVWHPD
352&(626$35(6,Ï1&2167$17(
(OFDORULQWHUFDPELDGRDSUHVLyQFRQVWDQWHHVLJXDODOD
YDULDFLyQGHODHQWDOStDGHOVLVWHPD
352&(626$(1(5*Ë$,17(51$&2167$17(
(OFDORUWUDQVIHULGRHVLJXDODOWUDEDMRUHDOL]DGRVDOYRVLJQR
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
/(<'(-28/(
([SDQVLyQOLEUHGHXQJDVUHDO
-RXOHREVHUYyTXHHQODH[SDQVLyQOLEUHLUUHYHUVLEOHGHXQD
JDVQRVHSURGXFtDYDULDFLyQGHODWHPSHUDWXUD
*$6 9$&,2
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
/(<'(-28/(
6XSRQJDPRVXQSURFHVRUHYHUVLEOHHQWUHORVPLVPRV
HVWDGRVdU=0
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
/(<'(-28/(
¢9DUtDUHDOPHQWHODWHPSHUDWXUD"
-RXOH QRORSXGRGHWHFWDU\HQXQFLyXQDOH\
/DHQHUJtDLQWHUQDGHXQJDVGHSHQGHVyORGHOD
WHPSHUDWXUDGHpVWH
0HGLGDVPDVSUHFLVDVFRQGXFHQDTXHSDUDJDVHVUHDOHV
ODWHPSHUDWXUDVtYDUtDHQODH[SDQVLyQOLEUH\OD(QHUJtD
,QWHUQDQRHVVRORIXQFLyQGHODWHPSHUDWXUDU=U(p,T)
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
/(<'(-28/(
/DOH\IRUPXODGDSRU-RXOHTXHSXHGHFRQVLGHUDUVHFRPR
XQDOH\DSUR[LPDGDVHFXPSOHWDQWRPHMRUFXDQWRPiV
EDMDHVODSUHVLyQLQLFLDOGHOJDV
([WUDSRODQGRVHFXPSOLUtDH[DFWDPHQWHDSUHVLRQHV
SUy[LPDVDFHURFXDQGRODVPROpFXODVGHOJDVHVWiQPX\
VHSDUDGDV
3RUWDQWRXQDIRUPXODFLyQPiVSUHFLVDGHHVWDOH\VHUtD
/(<'(-28/(
3DUDFXDOTXLHUJDVLGHDOODHQHUJtDLQWHUQDGHSHQGHVyOR
GHODWHPSHUDWXUDGHOJDVU=U(T)
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
/(<'(-28/(&216(&8(1&,$6
)yUPXODVGHGXFLGDVSDUDSURFHVRVUHYHUVLEOHV
DXQTXHYiOLGDVSDUDFXDOTXLHUSURFHVRDOVHUU \H
IXQFLRQHVGHHVWDGR
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
/(<'(-28/(&216(&8(1&,$6
)yUPXODVGHGXFLGDVSDUDSURFHVRVUHYHUVLEOHVDXQTXHYiOLGDV
SDUDFXDOTXLHUSURFHVRDOVHU8\+IXQFLRQHVGHHVWDGR
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
/(<'(-28/(&216(&8(1&,$6
J ËQGLFH$GLDEiWLFRRGH3RLVVRQ
5HODFLyQGH0D\HU SDUDJDVHVLGHDOHV
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
/(<'(-28/(&216(&8(1&,$6
&DSDFLGDGFDORUtILFDGHXQJDVLGHDO
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
75$1)250$&,21(6
5(9(56,%/(6'(*$6(6
3(5)(&726
,627(50$
S S
S9 FWH
7 FWH
7 9
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
75$1)250$&,21(6
5(9(56,%/(6'(*$6(6
3(5)(&726
,627(50$
(QHUJtDLQWHUQD
7UDEDMR
&DORU
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
75$1)250$&,21(6
5(9(56,%/(6'(*$6(6
3(5)(&726
,62&25$R,620e75,&$
S S
9 FWH
S7 FWH
9 7
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
75$1)250$&,21(6
5(9(56,%/(6'(*$6(6
3(5)(&726
,62&25$R,620e75,&$
(QHUJtDLQWHUQD
7UDEDMR
&DORU
&DORUHVSHFtILFR cV
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
75$1)250$&,21(6
5(9(56,%/(6'(*$6(6
3(5)(&726
,62%$5$
S 9
97 FWH
S FWH
9 7
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
75$1)250$&,21(6
5(9(56,%/(6'(*$6(6
3(5)(&726
,62%$5$
(QHUJtDLQWHUQD
7UDEDMR
&DORU
&DORUHVSHFtILFR cP 5HODFLyQGH0D\HU
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
75$1)250$&,21(6
5(9(56,%/(6'(*$6(6
3(5)(&726
$',$%È7,&$,6(175Ï3,&$
&DUDFWHUtVWLFD (FXDFLyQ
S
S9J FWH
ËQGLFHDGLDEiWLFR
9
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
75$1)250$&,21(6
5(9(56,%/(6'(*$6(6
3(5)(&726
$',$%È7,&$,6(175Ï3,&$
&DUDFWHUtVWLFD
5HODFLyQGH0D\HU
(FXDFLyQGH(VWDGR
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
75$1)250$&,21(6
5(9(56,%/(6'(*$6(6
3(5)(&726
$',$%È7,&$,6(175Ï3,&$
(QHUJtDLQWHUQD
7UDEDMR
&DORU
2WUDVIRUPDVGHODHFXDFLyQ
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
)Ï508/$'(5((&+
&iOFXORGHODVSHQGLHQWHV
,627(50$
$',$%È7,&$
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
)Ï508/$'(5((&+
(QHOSXQWRGHFRUWHODDGLDEiWLFDWLHQHPD\RU
SHQGLHQWHHQYDORUDEVROXWRTXHODLVRWHUPD
,627(50$
$',$%È7,&$
5(/$&,Ï1
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
(48,9$/(17(0(&È1,&2'(/&$/25
7UDEDMRHQWUDQVIRUPDFLRQHVDGLDEiWLFDV
&XDQGRXQVLVWHPDFHUUDGRHYROXFLRQDDGLDEiWLFDPHQWH HQWUH
GRVHVWDGRVGHHTXLOLEULRHOWUDEDMRQHWRDVRFLDGRFRQHO
FDPELRGHHVWDGRHVHOPLVPRSDUDWRGRVORVSURFHVRV
SRVLEOHVHQWUHGLFKRVHVWDGRVLQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWHGHOWLSR
GHVLVWHPDGHOSURFHVRVHJXLGRRGHODIRUPDHQTXHVHKD\D
UHDOL]DGRHOWUDEDMR
(VWHWUDEDMRDGLDEiWLFRYDUtDOD(QHUJtD,QWHUQDU GHOVLVWHPD
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
(48,9$/(17(0(&È1,&2'(/&$/25
(IHFWRGHOWUDEDMR\VX
HTXLYDOHQFLDHQFDORU
([SHULPHQWRGH-RXOH
-GHWUDEDMRSURGXFHQHOPLVPRHIHFWRTXHXQDFDORUtD
/DFRQVWDQWH-FDOUHFLELyHOQRPEUHGHHTXLYDOHQWH
PHFiQLFRGHOFDORU
&DORU\WUDEDMRVRQGRVIRUPDVGHPDQLIHVWDFLyQGHORV
FDPELRVGHHQHUJtD
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
35,1&,3,2'(/$7(502',1È0,&$
/DH[SHULHQFLDQRVGLFHTXH
T 8QVLVWHPDHYROXFLRQDQGR
FtFOLFDPHQWHFRQXQD~QLFDIXHQWH
Q WpUPLFDSXHGHFRQYHUWLUWUDEDMRHQ
S
W FDORUtQWHJUDPHQWH
T /RFRQWUDULRQRHVFLHUWR
8QVLVWHPDHYROXFLRQDQGRFtFOLFDPHQWH
Q FRQXQD~QLFDIXHQWHWpUPLFD12 SXHGH
W FRQYHUWLUtQWHJUDPHQWHFDORUHQWUDEDMR
S
~WLO
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
35,1&,3,2'(/$
7(502',1È0,&$
75$16)250$&,21(6&2181)2&2&$/25Ë),&2
7(25(0$'(&$5127
8QDWUDQVIRUPDFLyQFtFOLFDGHXQVLVWHPDTXHLQWHUFDPELD
FDORUFRQXQD~QLFDIXHQWHWpUPLFDQRSXHGHSURGXFLU
WUDEDMR
Q
W
S
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
35,1&,3,2'(/$
7(502',1È0,&$
(181&,$'2'(.(/9,13/$1&.
(VLPSRVLEOHFRQVWUXLUXQPRWRUTXHIXQFLRQDGRVHJ~QXQ
FLFORQRSURGX]FDRWURHIHFWRTXHH[WUDHUFDORUGHXQIRFR
\UHDOL]DUXQDFDQWLGDGHTXLYDOHQWHGHWUDEDMR
(VLPSRVLEOHFRQVWUXLUXQPyYLOSHUSHWXRGHHVSHFLH
Q
W
S
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
35,1&,3,2'(/$
7(502',1È0,&$
75$16)250$&,21(6&21'26)2&26&$/25Ë),&26
$QiOLVLVGHODFRQYHUVLyQGHFDORUHQWUDEDMRFRQGRVIRFRV
7HPSHUDWXUDVGHORVIRFRVTc \Tf FRQTc !Tf
Qc \Qf ODVFDQWLGDGHVGHFDORULQWHUFDPELDGDV
6HJ~QHOSULPHUSULQFLSLRHQXQFLFORFRPSOHWR
W = Qc + Qf
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
35,1&,3,2'(/$
7(502',1È0,&$
75$16)250$&,21(6&21'26)2&26&$/25Ë),&26
Tc
Qc
&$62Qc>0 \ Qf>0 Qc
TA W
S
Qf
Qf
Tf
(QHVWHFDVRSRGUtDPRVLPDJLQDUXQWHUFHUIRFRFDORUtILFRD
TA WDOTXHTA > Tc > TfTXHFHGLHVHXQDFDQWLGDGGHFDORU
Qc DOIRFRTc \XQDFDQWLGDGGHFDORUQf DOIRFR Tf
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
35,1&,3,2'(/$
7(502',1È0,&$
75$16)250$&,21(6&21'26)2&26&$/25Ë),&26
Tc
Tf
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
35,1&,3,2'(/$
7(502',1È0,&$
75$16)250$&,21(6&21'26)2&26&$/25Ë),&26
Tc
Qc
Qc
&$62Qc<0 \ Qf>0
TA W
S
FRQŇQfŇ>ŇQcŇ
Qf
Qf
Tf
(QHVWHFDVRSRGUtDPRVLPDJLQDUXQWHUFHUIRFRFDORUtILFRD
TA WDOTXHTc > TA > TfTXHDEVRUELHVHXQDFDQWLGDGGH
FDORUQc GHOIRFRTc \FHGLHVHXQDFDQWLGDGGHFDORUQf DO
IRFR Tf
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
35,1&,3,2'(/$
7(502',1È0,&$
75$16)250$&,21(6&21'26)2&26&$/25Ë),&26
&$62Qc<0 \ Qf>0 Tc
Qc+ Qf Qc
FRQŇQfŇ>ŇQcŇ TA S
W
Qf
Qf+Qc>0 Tf
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
35,1&,3,2'(/$
7(502',1È0,&$
75$16)250$&,21(6&21'26)2&26&$/25Ë),&26
Qf+Qc<0 Qc
W
S
Ò1,&2&$62326,%/(5(9(56,%/(R12
Qf
(O~QLFRFLFORUHYHUVLEOH FRQGRVIRFRV
VHFRQVLJXHXQLHQGRODVLVRWHUPDVD Tf
WHPSHUDWXUDVTf \TcPHGLDQWHGRV
DGLDEiWLFDV
0iTXLQDGH&DUQRW
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
35,1&,3,2'(/$
7(502',1È0,&$
(181&,$'26
.(/9,1
(VLPSRVLEOHXQSURFHVRWHUPRGLQiPLFRFX\R~QLFR
UHVXOWDGR VHDODDEVRUFLyQGHFDORUGHXQVRORIRFR\
ODUHDOL]DFLyQGHXQDFDQWLGDGHTXLYDOHQWHGHWUDEDMR
3/$1&.
(VLPSRVLEOHFRQVWUXLUXQDPiTXLQDTXHWUDEDMDQGR
FtFOLFDPHQWHQRSURGX]FDRWURHIHFWR TXHHOHYDUXQ
SHVR\DEVRUEHUFDORUGHXQIRFRFDORUtILFR
.(/9,1<3/$1&.
(VLPSRVLEOHFRQVWUXLUXQPRWRUTXHIXQFLRQDQGRVHJ~Q
XQFLFORQRSURGX]FDRWURHIHFWR TXHH[WUDHUFDORUGHXQ
IRFR\UHDOL]DUXQDFDQWLGDGHTXLYDOHQWHGHWUDEDMR
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
35,1&,3,2'(/$
7(502',1È0,&$
(181&,$'26
&/$86,86
(VLPSRVLEOHFRQVWUXLUXQGLVSRVLWLYRTXHIXQFLRQH
FtFOLFDPHQWH\QRSURGX]FDRWURHIHFWR TXHHOSDVR
GHFDORUGHXQFXHUSRDRWURGHPD\RUWHPSHUDWXUD
TC TC
QC QC
TC > TF
QC QF QC QF Sí es posible
QF QF (QC !QF < 0)
No es posible
(QC QF > 0) TF TF
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
0È48,1$6
7e50,&$6
027257e50,&2
Tc
Qc $EVRUEHFDORUQcGHXQIRFR
W FDOLHQWHUHDOL]DWUDEDMRW\FHGH
S
Qf FDORUQfDXQIRFRIUtR
Tf 5($/,=$75$%$-2
5(1',0,(172 GHOPRWRUWpUPLFR
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
0È48,1$6
7e50,&$6
0È48,1$)5,*25Ë),&$
Tc
$EVRUEHFDORUQfGHXQIRFRIUtR
UHFLEHWUDEDMRW\FHGHFDORUQc Qc
DXQIRFRFDOLHQWH S
W
6HXWLOL]DSDUD(;75$(5 FDORU Qf
Tf
(),&,(1&,$ GHODPiTXLQDIULJRUtILFD
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
0È48,1$6
7e50,&$6
%20%$7e50,&$
Tc
$EVRUEHFDORUQfGHXQIRFRIUtR
UHFLEHWUDEDMRW\FHGHFDORUQc Qc
DXQIRFRFDOLHQWH W
S
6HXWLOL]DSDUD&2081,&$5 FDORU Qf
Tf
(),&,(1&,$ GHODERPEDWpUPLFD
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
0È48,1$6
7e50,&$6
TC TC
9DSRUL]DFLyQ QC>0 /LFXDFLyQ QC<0
'HVSUHVXUL]DFLyQ
&DOGHUD &RQGHQVDGRU
3UHVXUL]DFLyQ
W 9iOYXODGH W
([SDQVLyQ
3UHVXUL]DFLyQ
([SDQVLyQ
%RPED 7XUELQD &RPSUHVRU
&RQGHQVDGRU (YDSRUDGRU
0RWRU7pUPLFR 0iTXLQD)ULJRUtILFD
&DORUSRVLWLYR
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
&,&/2'(&$5127
ÒQLFRFLFORUHYHUVLEOHHQWUHGRVIRFRV
3DUDHYLWDUODLUUHYHUVLELOLGDGWpUPLFDQRSXHGHH[LVWLU
WUDQVIHUHQFLDGHFDORUHQYLUWXGGHXQDGLIHUHQFLDILQLWDGH
WHPSHUDWXUDĺ,VRWHUPDV\DGLDEiWLFDV
3DUDHYLWDUODLUUHYHUVLELOLGDGPHFiQLFDHOWUDEDMRVHGHEH
REWHQHUFXDVLHVWiWLFDPHQWH\VLQHIHFWRVGLVLSDWLYRV
3DUDSDVDUGHXQIRFRDRWURGHEHKDFHUVHPHGLDQWH
DGLDEiWLFDV
3DUDDEVRUEHURFHGHUFDORUGHEHKDFHUVHLVRWpUPLFDPHQWH
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&,&/2'(&$5127
8QVLVWHPDWHUPRGLQiPLFRUHDOL]DXQFLFORGH&DUQRW
FXDQGRSDUWLHQGRGHXQHVWDGRGHHTXLOLEULRWpUPLFRFRQ
HOIRFRIUtRDWHPSHUDWXUDTfUHDOL]DORVVLJXLHQWHV
SURFHVRVUHYHUVLEOHV HQHORUGHQTXHVHFLWDQ
$GLDEiWLFRKDVWDDOFDQ]DUODWHPSHUDWXUDTc GHOIRFR
FDOLHQWH
,VRWHUPRDWHPSHUDWXUDTc PLHQWUDVDEVRUEHXQD
FDQWLGDGGHFDORUQc GHOIRFRFDOLHQWH
$GLDEiWLFRKDVWDODWHPSHUDWXUDTf
,VRWHUPRDWHPSHUDWXUDTf KDVWDOOHJDUDOHVWDGRLQLFLDO
FHGLHQGRXQDFDQWLGDGGHFDORUQf DOIRFRIUtR
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
&,&/2'(&$5127
Qf Tf Qc Tc
ĺ ĺ ĺ ĺ
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&,&/2'(&$5127
Qf Tf Qc Tc
ĺ ĺ ĺ ĺ
'LDJUDPDS9 GHXQDVXVWDQFLDTXHQRFDPELDGHIDVHHQHOFLFOR
S Qc
Tc
Tf
Qf
-&-LPpQH]6iH] 9
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
&,&/2'(&$5127
5HQGLPLHQWRJDVLGHDO
S Qc
Tc 3URFHVRV
Tf
Qf
9
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&,&/2'(&$5127
5HQGLPLHQWRJDVLGHDO
S Qc
Tc
Tf
Qf
3ULPHU3ULQFLSLR
9
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
&,&/2'(&$5127
5HQGLPLHQWRJDVLGHDO
S Qc
Tc
Tf
Qf
9
(QGHILQLWLYD
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&,&/2'(&$5127
7RGDVODVPiTXLQDVGH&DUQRWWLHQHQHOPLVPRUHQGLPLHQWR
(OUHQGLPLHQWRHVIXQFLyQGHODVWHPSHUDWXUDVGHORVIRFRV\
QRGHODVXVWDQFLDXWLOL]DGDHQHOFLFOR
(VWDFLUFXQVWDQFLDVHSXHGHXWLOL]DUSDUDGHILQLUOD
WHPSHUDWXUDWHUPRGLQiPLFD TXHFRLQFLGHFRQODHVFDODGHORV
JDVHVSHUIHFWRV
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
7(25(0$'(&$5127
'HPRVWUDUHPRVTXHQRH[LVWHXQPRWRUX FX\RUHQGLPLHQWR
VHDPD\RUTXHHOGHXQRUHYHUVLEOH KX !KR
$MXVWDPRVHOPRWRUX \HOPRWRUR GH
Tc PDQHUDTXHDPERVSURGX]FDQHO
qc Qc PLVPRWUDEDMRW
W W 9DPRVDVXSRQHUTXHHOUHQGLPLHQWR
X R
GHOPRWRUX HVPD\RUTXHHOGHO
qf Qf UHYHUVLEOH KX !KR(VGHFLU
Tf
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
7(25(0$'(&$5127
&RPRHOPRWRUGH&DUQRWHVUHYHUVLEOHORSRGHPRVKDFHU
IXQFLRQDUFRPRPiTXLQDIULJRUtILFDDFFLRQDGDSRUHOPRWRUX
Tc
qc Qc
W R
X
qf Qf
Tf
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
7(25(0$'(&$5127
Tc
(OFRQMXQWRHVXQGLVSRVLWLYRTXHFHGH
qc Qc DOIRFRFDOLHQWH
W R
X
qf Qf
Tf (OFDORUQHWRH[WUDtGRGHOIRFRIUtRHV
'LVSRQHPRVGHXQGLVSRVLWLYRFX\R~QLFRHIHFWRHVHOSDVR
GHFDORUGHXQFXHUSRDRWURDPD\RUWHPSHUDWXUDORTXH
FRQWUDGLFHHOHQXQFLDGRGH&ODXVLXV
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
7(25(0$'(&$5127
'LVSRQHPRVGHXQGLVSRVLWLYRFX\R~QLFRHIHFWRHVHOSDVR
GHFDORUGHXQFXHUSRDRWURDPD\RUWHPSHUDWXUDORTXH
FRQWUDGLFHHOHQXQFLDGRGH&ODXVLXV
(VGHFLUQXHVWUDVXSRVLFLyQLQLFLDO KX !KRHVIDOVD
2ORTXHHVORPLVPRGHEHVHU KX KR
6LDKRUDFRQVLGHUDPRVTXHODPiTXLQDX HVUHYHUVLEOH
SRGUtDPRVPHGLDQWHHOWUDEDMRTXHSURSRUFLRQDXQDGH
&DUQRWIXQFLRQDQGRHQWUHORVPLVPRVIRFRVKDFHUODIXQFLRQDU
FRPRPiTXLQDIULJRUtILFD\VLJXLHQGRXQUD]RQDPLHQWR
DQiORJROOHJDUtDPRVDODFRQFOXVLyQGHTXHKR KX<FRPR
KX KRHQWRQFHV
-&-LPpQH]6iH] KR KX X UHYHUVLEOH
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
7(25(0$'(&$5127
1LQJ~QPRWRUWpUPLFRTXHIXQFLRQHHQWUHGRVIRFRV
FDORUtILFRVGDGRVSXHGHWHQHUPD\RUUHQGLPLHQWRTXHXQR
GH&DUQRWIXQFLRQDQGRHQWUHORVPLVPRVIRFRV
&252/$5,2
7RGDVODVPiTXLQDVUHYHUVLEOHV TXHIXQFLRQHQHQWUHGRV
IRFRVWpUPLFRVGDGRVSRVHHQLGpQWLFRUHQGLPLHQWR
0iTXLQDUHYHUVLEOH IXQFLRQDQGRHQWUHGRVIRFRVGDGRV\
0iTXLQDGH&DUQRW IXQFLRQDQGRHQWUHORVPLVPRVIRFRV
VRQWpUPLQRVVLQyQLPRV
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
7(25(0$'(&$5127
/DVPiTXLQDVUHYHUVLEOHVHQWUHGRVIRFRVSURGXFHQPiV
WUDEDMRTXHODVLUUHYHUVLEOHVXVDQGRHOPLVPRFDORU
TC
Q Q
WI X R WR
TF
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
7(03(5$785$7(502',1È0,&$
șc
'DGRTXHHOUHQGLPLHQWRGHXQPRWRU
GH&DUQRWGHSHQGHVyORGHOD Qc
WHPSHUDWXUDVHSXHGHGHILQLUXQD Qc R
HVFDODGHWHPSHUDWXUDXViQGROR Qi
FRPRWHUPyPHWUR
R și
Qi
Qf R
Qf
șf
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
7(03(5$785$7(502',1È0,&$
3DUDFXPSOLUORDQWHULRUVHWRPDSRUHMHPSOR
$QWHVVDEtDPRVTXH
T HVFDODGHORVJDVHVSHUIHFWRV
$KRUDWHQHPRV T HVFDODWHUPRGLQiPLFD
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
7(03(5$785$7(502',1È0,&$
6LVHWRPDHOPLVPRSXQWRILMRXQPLVPRYDORUGHș \ T
SDUDXQDVXVWDQFLDHQXQGHWHUPLQDGRHVWDGRODHVFDOD
WHUPRGLQiPLFDFRLQFLGHFRQODHVFDODGHORVJDVHV
SHUIHFWRV
6HWRPD.SDUDHOSXQWRWULSOHGHODJXD
TPunto Triple
Q3
R W
Q
Tincógnita
7(50Ï0(752
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&21&(372'(&(52$%62/872
'HODHFXDFLyQGHGHILQLFLyQVHGHGXFHTXHFXDQWRPHQRU
VHDHOYDORUGHQPHQRUVHUiODWHPSHUDWXUDT
FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH(OPtQLPRYDORUSRVLEOHGHQ HVFHUR\OD
WHPSHUDWXUDT=0 FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHUHFLEHHOQRPEUHGH
&(52$%62/872
/$7(03(5$785$'(/&(52$%62/872(6,1$/&$1=$%/(
'HOUHQGLPLHQWRGHXQPRWRUGH&DUQRW
7(25(0$'(&/$86,86
3DUDFXDOTXLHUSURFHVRFtFOLFRVHYHULILFD
(QXQSURFHVRQRFXDVLWHVWDWLFR7HVOD
WHPSHUDWXUDGHODPELHQWH
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
7(25(0$'(&/$86,86
&LFOR5HYHUVLEOH
p
C
C’
V
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
(17523Ë$
([LVWHXQDIXQFLyQTXHGHSHQGHVyORGHOHVWDGRLQLFLDO\ILQDO
)81&,Ï1(17523Ë$
(VWDIyUPXODQRHVYiOLGDVLHOSURFHVRHVLUUHYHUVLEOH
3DUDFDOFXODUODYDULDFLyQGHHQWURStDHQHVWHFDVRVH
GHEHEXVFDUXQRRYDULRVSURFHVRVUHYHUVLEOHVHQWUHORV
PLVPRVHVWDGRVLQLFLDO\ILQDO
8QLGDG6,-.
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
(17523Ë$
',$*5$0$(175Ï3,&2
'LDJUDPDTXHXWLOL]DFRPRHMHGHRUGHQDGDVODWHPSHUDWXUD
T \FRPRHMHGHDEVFLVDVODHQWURStDS
(OiUHDHVHO
T FDORUUHYHUVLEOH
S1 S2 S
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
(17523Ë$
',$*5$0$(175Ï3,&2
(QXQFLFORQ=-WSRUWDQWRHOiUHDGHXQFLFORHQXQ
GLDJUDPDHQWUySLFRQFRLQFLGHFRQHOiUHDHQXQ
GLDJUDPDpV WVDOYRVLJQR
T p
&LFORV
-&-LPpQH]6iH] S V
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
(17523Ë$'(81*$63(5)(&72
3DUDLQWHJUDUEDVWDFRQRFHUHQFDGD
FDVRXQDH[SUHVLyQGLIHUHQFLDOSDUD
*$63(5)(&72
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
(17523Ë$'(81*$63(5)(&72
,QWHJUDQGR
)yUPXODVGHGXFLGDVSDUDSURFHVRVUHYHUVLEOHVDXQTXH
YiOLGDSDUDFXDOTXLHUSURFHVRDOVHUS IXQFLyQGHHVWDGR
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
(17523Ë$'(81*$63(5)(&72
'H
6LXQDWUDQVIRUPDFLyQUHYHUVLEOHHVDGLDEiWLFD
HQWRQFHVQRYDUtDODHQWURStD
72'2352&(625(9(56,%/($',$%È7,&2(6,6(175Ï3,&2
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
(17523Ë$'(81
*$63(5)(&72
',$*5$0$(175Ï3,&2352&(626,62%È5,&26
6LHOHJLPRVS0=0 FXDQGR
T0=273,15KODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQHV T0
ODGHODILJXUD
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
S
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
(17523Ë$'(81
*$63(5)(&72
',$*5$0$(175Ï3,&2352&(626,62&2526
6LHOHJLPRVS0=0 FXDQGR
T0=273,15KODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQHV T0
ODGHODILJXUD
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
S
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
(17523Ë$'(81
*$63(5)(&72
',$*5$0$(175Ï3,&2352&(626,627(5026
T = cte
T
Q = T(S2 – S1)
1 2
S1 S2 S
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
(17523Ë$'(81
*$63(5)(&72
',$*5$0$(175Ï3,&2352&(626$',$%È7,&26
/RVSURFHVRVDGLDEiWLFRVUHYHUVLEOHVVRQLVHQWUySLFRV
(QHOGLDJUDPDT-S VRQUHFWDV 2
SDUDOHODVDOHMHGHRUGHQDGDV
1
S
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
(17523Ë$'(81
*$63(5)(&72
',$*5$0$(175Ï3,&2&,&/2'(&$5127
T
8QFLFORGH&DUQRWVHUHSUHVHQWD
SRUXQUHFWiQJXORVHDFXDOVHDOD
VXVWDQFLDTXHUHDOL]DHOFLFORVHJ~Q
VHLQGLFDHQODILJXUD
S
(OiUHDHQFHUUDGDHQHOUHFWiQJXORUHSUHVHQWDHO
FDORULQWHUFDPELDGRGXUDQWHHOFLFOR\WDPELpQHO
WUDEDMRQHWRUHDOL]DGR
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
(17523Ë$'(/81,9(562
(QFXDOTXLHUSURFHVRLQWHUYLHQHXQVLVWHPD\HODPELHQWH
$OKDFHUXQEDODQFHGHHQWURStDSDUDXQSURFHVR
GHWHUPLQDGRKD\TXHWHQHUHQFXHQWDODYDULDFLyQGH
HQWURStDWRWDOHVGHFLUODYDULDFLyQGHHQWURStDGHOVLVWHPD
ǻSsistema\ODYDULDFLyQGHHQWURStDGHOPHGLRDPELHQWH
FRQHOTXHLQWHUDFW~DǻSambiente
$ODVXPDGHHVWDVGRVFDQWLGDGHVǻSUniverso
ǻSUniverso = ǻSsistema + ǻSambiente
VHODGHQRPLQD9$5,$&,Ï1'((17523Ë$'(/
81,9(562 GHELGDDOSURFHVRFRQVLGHUDGR
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
(17523Ë$'(/81,9(562
/DYDULDFLyQGHHQWURStDGHOXQLYHUVRDVRFLDGDDXQ
SURFHVR5(9(56,%/( HVQXOD
3DUDWRGRVORVSURFHVRVHQWUHGRVHVWDGRVGHHTXLOLEULR
TXHUHSUHVHQWDQDOJ~QWLSRGH,55(9(56,%,/,'$'OD
YDULDFLyQGHHQWURStDGHOXQLYHUVRHVXQDFDQWLGDGSRVLWLYD
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
(17523Ë$'(/81,9(562
35,1&,3,2'(/$80(172'((17523Ë$
&RPRHOXQLYHUVRHVXQVLVWHPDDLVODGRWRGRVORV
SURFHVRVUHDOHVRFXUUHQHQHOVHQWLGRHQHOFXDOOD
HQWURStDGHOXQLYHUVRDXPHQWDORFXDOPDUFDXQVHQWLGRD
ODHYROXFLyQGHOPXQGRItVLFR
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
$80(172'((17523Ë$
'(/81,9(562
(-(03/2,UUHYHUVLELOLGDGPHFiQLFDH[WHUQD
Q
W
TF
&tFOLFR
LUUHYHUVLEOH
(OIRFRVXIUHXQSURFHVRLVRWHUPRUHYHUVLEOH
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
$80(172'((17523Ë$
'(/81,9(562
(-(03/2,UUHYHUVLELOLGDGWpUPLFD
TC > TF
TC Q Q
TF /RVIRFRVVXIUHQSURFHVRVLVRWHUPRVUHYHUVLEOHV
&tFOLFR
,UUHYHUVLEOH
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
$80(172'((17523Ë$
'(/81,9(562
(-(03/2,UUHYHUVLELOLGDGPHFiQLFDLQWHUQD
8VDPRVXQDH[SDQVLyQUHYHUVLEOH
LVRWHUPD/H\GH-RXOHǻU=0FRQ
ORVPLVPRVHVWDGRVLQLFLDO\ILQDO
([SDQVLyQOLEUHGH
XQ*DV,GHDO
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
$80(172'((17523Ë$
'(/81,9(562
(-(03/2,UUHYHUVLELOLGDGPHFiQLFDLQWHUQD
DGLDEiWLFDLUUHYHUVLEOH
p
I $GLDEiWLFD,UUHYHUVLEOH
V
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
35,1&,3,29(56,Ï1(175Ï3,&$
([LVWHXQDIXQFLyQGHHVWDGR(17523Ë$TXHGHSHQGHGH
ORVSDUiPHWURVH[WHQVLYRVGHFXDOTXLHUVLVWHPDFRPSXHVWR
(QDXVHQFLDGHOLJDGXUDVORVSDUiPHWURVH[WHQVLYRV
PD[LPL]DQHOYDORUGHOD(QWURStDUHVSHFWRDRWURVHVWDGRVGH
HTXLOLEULRFRQOLJDGXUDV&ODXVLXV
5HODFLyQIXQGDPHQWDOGHOVLVWHPDHQOD
UHSUHVHQWDFLyQHQWUySLFD
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
35,1&,3,29(56,Ï1(175Ï3,&$
(VDGLWLYDHQVLVWHPDVFRPSXHVWRVUHVSHFWRDORV
VXEVLVWHPDVFRQVWLWX\HQWHV
/DHQWURStDHVXQDIXQFLyQKRPRJpQHDGHSULPHURUGHQ
6LO 1VLHQGR1HOQ~PHURWRWDOGHSDUWtFXODV
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
0DJQLWXGHVLQWHQVLYDV
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
35,1&,3,29(56,Ï1(175Ï3,&$
/DIXQFLyQHQWURStDHVFRQWLQ~DGLIHUHQFLDEOH\PRQyWRQD
FUHFLHQWHGHODHQHUJtD
/DIXQFLyQHQWURStDHVLQYHUWLEOHUHVSHFWRGHODHQHUJtD
5HODFLyQIXQGDPHQWDOGHOVLVWHPDHQOD
UHSUHVHQWDFLyQHQHUJpWLFD
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
(&8$&,21(6'((67$'2
(FXDFLyQGH*LEEV6LVWHPD&HUUDGRN FWH
(FXDFLRQHVGH(VWDGR
5HODFLRQDQORVSDUiPHWURVLQWHQVLYRVFRQORVSDUiPHWURV
H[WHQVLYRV
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
(FXDFLRQHVGH(VWDGR 5HODFLyQ)XQGDPHQWDO
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
(&8$&,21(6'((67$'2
3UHVLyQ
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
7HPSHUDWXUD
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&21',&,21(6'(
(48,/,%5,2
(48,/,%5,27e50,&235,1&,3,2
&RQGLFLRQHVGHHTXLOLEULRWpUPLFRGHXQVLVWHPDDLVODGR
FRPSXHVWRSRUGRVVXEVLVWHPDVVLPSOHV$\%XQLGRVSRUXQD
SDUHGILMDGLDWpUPLFD
6,67(0$(1(48,/,%5,2
A B
3DUHG)LMD'LDWpUPLFD
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
&21',&,21(6'(
(48,/,%5,2
(48,/,%5,27e50,&235,1&,3,2
3ULQFLSLR (TXLOLEULR
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&21',&,21(6'(
(48,/,%5,2
(48,/,%5,27e50,&235,1&,3,2
(OVLVWHPDHYROXFLRQDPD[LPL]DQGR
7HPSHUDWXUDVSUy[LPDV ODHQWURStD
T$ T%
A B
3ULQFLSLR
3DUHG)LMD'LDWpUPLFD
/DHQHUJtDGHOVXEVLVWHPDPiVIUtRDXPHQWD\ODGHOPiV
FDOLHQWHGLVPLQX\H
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
&21',&,21(6'(
(48,/,%5,2
(48,/,%5,20(&È1,&2
6,67(0$(1(48,/,%5,2
p$ p%
A B
3DUHG0yYLO'LDWpUPLFD
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&21',&,21(6'(
(48,/,%5,2
(48,/,%5,20(&È1,&2
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
&21',&,21(6'(
(48,/,%5,2
(48,/,%5,20(&È1,&2
3UHVLRQHVSUy[LPDV\ TA = TB
(OVLVWHPDHYROXFLRQDPD[LPL]DQGR
p$ p%
ODHQWURStD
A B
3DUHG0yYLO
'LDWpUPLFD
/DSDUHGVHPXHYHKDFLDHOVXEVLVWHPDGHPHQRUSUHVLyQ
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
(&8$&,21(6'((67$'2'(81*$6,'($/
<DKDEtDPRVYLVWRTXHHQXQJDVLGHDO
3RUItVLFDHVWDGtVWLFDSRGHPRVREWHQHUODHFXDFLyQ
IXQGDPHQWDOGHXQJDVLGHDO
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
(&8$&,Ï1)81'$0(17$/
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
(&8$&,21(6'((67$'2'(81*$6,'($/
(FXDFLRQHVGH(VWDGRGHORV*DVHV,GHDOHVR3HUIHFWRV
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
(&8$&,21(6'((67$'2'(81*$6,'($/
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
(&8$&,21(6'((67$'2'(81*$6,'($/
)RUPDOPHQWHOOHJDPRVDODPLVPDH[SUHVLyQTXH
FRQRFtDPRVHQVLVWHPDVFHUUDGRV
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&$3$&,'$'&$/25Ë),&$$p=Cte <V=Cte
(QXQSURFHVRUHYHUVLEOHHQHOTXH9HV
FRQVWDQWHVHWLHQH
(OFDORUHVSHFLILFRVHREWLHQHGLYLGLHQGRODFDSDFLGDG
FDORUtILFDSRUODPDVDRSRUHOQ~PHURGHPROHV
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
&$3$&,'$'&$/25Ë),&$$p=Cte <V=Cte
(QWDOStD
(QXQSURFHVRUHYHUVLEOHHQHOTXHSHVFRQVWDQWHVHWLHQH
(QJHQHUDO
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE
FÍSICA II Termodinámica
&$3$&,'$'&$/25Ë),&$$p=Cte <V=Cte
*DVHV,GHDOHV
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
&$3$&,'$'&$/25Ë),&$$p=Cte <V=Cte
6yOLGRV\/tTXLGRV
3DUDPXFKRVVyOLGRV
3DUDHODJXD
-&-LPpQH]6iH]
65DPtUH]GHOD3LVFLQD0LOOiQ
8')tVLFD,,
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)tVLFD$SOLFDGDDODV,QJHQLHUtDV$HURQiXWLFD\1DYDO
FAIAN - ETSIAE