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TASK 1

1. Do

Answer 1

2. Get
Answer 2

3. Got
Answer 3

4. Find Answer 4

5. Graph
Answer 5

TASK 2

1. Describe, using annotated diagrams, how electricity is generated from kinetic energy,
from light and from chemical energy.

Answer 1
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2. Get
Answer 2

Causes of Kinetic energy to electricity conversion losses (Wasted Energy)

Most modern and advanced hydropower systems have the capacity to reach electricity
generation efficiencies above 90%. Losses can be broken down in terms of: incomplete
extraction of available water energy, water energy loss from wall friction, turbine losses,
mechanical losses between the turbine and generator systems, losses from generator
inefficiencies, and losses from transformer and other power conditioning inefficiencies.

Causes of Light energy to electricity conversion losses (Wasted Energy)

Solar panel efficiency is a measurement of how much of the sun's energy a certain panel
can convert into usable electricity. But the average efficiency of solar panels falls
between the 15 to 18 percent efficiency ranges. There are multiple causes of these types
of energy losses such as module temperature effect, bubbles, discoloration, chalking,
potential induced degradation, shading and soiling effect, PV modules degradation, sun
tracking system misalignments, wiring losses, mismatching effect in solar array, and
inverter overheating. In some of these cases, such as mismatching effect, maximum
power point tracker losses, PV module degradation, wiring losses, and shading
phenomena are difficult to avoid when the PV plant is finished and in operation.

Causes of Chemical energy to electricity conversion losses (Wasted Energy)

Modern coal fired is never more than 37 to 38% efficient. Hence if electricity is
generated at a power station that uses natural gas as its fuel, only 35% of the energy
released by the burning of the gas is transferred to electrical energy as shown in Fig.
Remaining 65% energy wasted due to heat loss (20%), steam cools to water loss (40%)
and generator losses (5%).
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3. Got
Answer 3
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4. Find
Answer 4

Steps to Reduce Transmission Losses

Many possibilities exist for improving the efficiency of the grid’s transmission system.

1. Superconducting materials can conduct electricity with little to no resistance, but

require cooling to nearly absolute zero.
2. In addition to nearly eliminating electricity loss, the cable can transport five times
more power.
3. High voltage direct current transmission lines offer greater efficiencies over the more
typical alternating current (AC) lines.
4. Flexible AC Transmission Systems, or FACTS, can help increase the efficiency of
existing power distribution systems by maintaining acceptable voltage limits.
5. FACTS allow AC lines to be loaded more heavily, increase reliability of the
transmission system and mitigate power oscillations.

Why Alternating Current is used

1. AC can be stepped up and down in voltage very easily by transformers and the bigger
the voltage the lesser the current.
2. Tend to get fewer losses to resistance when distributing AC over long distances too.
3. AC thinner wires which mean they’re cheaper to make and suspend.
4. It’s much easier to generate AC than DC too due to the way the generators turn.
5. Undersea cables are almost always HVDC because they act as capacitors, and being
so long, big ones. AC would charge and discharge the capacitors and you’d probably
end up using all the juice just in combatting the capacitance.