ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

A. ADJECTIVES
1. Position of adjectives
 Before a noun
 After linking verbs such as appear, be, become, feel, get, grow, look, seem, sound, taste, smell,
turn.
e.g. This idea sounds great.
e.g. This is a beautiful house.
 After ‘How’ e.g. How lovely this car is!
2. Adjectives used as nouns

THE + ADJ: chỉ một nhóm người, một tập hợp, 1 cộng đồng.

Notes: ‘The + adj’ được dùng như một danh từ số nhiều.

e.g. The wealthy should financially help the poor.
The wealthy: những người giàu; the poor: những người nghèo.
3. Position of multiple adjectives

Opinion Size  Shape Age Colour Origin Material  Purpose + Noun.

e.g. I bought a lovely little pink Vietnamese cotton purse last week.
e.g. She has long black hair.
B. ADVERBS
1. What are adverbs?
 Adverb = adj + ly
e.g. beautiful  beautifully
 Notes:
 adjectives ending with ‘y’: ‘y’  ‘i +ly’
 adjectives ending with ‘ic’: ‘ic’ ‘ically’
e.g. historic  historically
 Some adjectives ending with ‘ly’ are not adverbs, such as lovely, likely, lively, friendly,
lonely.
 Some adjectives are both adverbs and adjectives, such as hard, fast, early, alone, well.
late.
 Hardly: hầu như không
 Lately: gần đây (thường dùng trong thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
2. Position of adverbs.
 adverbs of frequency: đứng sau trợ động từ/ be và đứng trước các động từ khác.
e.g. I am never late for school.
She will never tell lies.
My younger brother often plays soccer in the afternoon.
 adverbs: có thể đứng trước/sau bổ nghĩa cho động từ hành động.
e.g. She speaks English very quickly.
 After ‘How’
e.g. How quickly you speak English!
C. TYPES OF COMPARISON
1. Equal comparison: So sánh bằng
 ‘To be’
S1 + be (is/am/are) + as adj as + S2: S1 bằng S2

e.g. This house is as big as that house.

 V (except ‘to be’):

S1+ V + as + adv as + S2: S1 bằng S2
Adv = adj + ‘ly’
e.g. My brother drives as quickly as I do.
2. Comparative: So sánh hơn
 Short adjectives
S1 + be/V + adj_ER + than S2

e.g. He is taller than me.

 Long adjectives:
S1 + be/V + MORE/LESS + adj/adv + than S2: S1 hơn/kém S2
+ Sau V + adv
e.g. He drives more carefully than I do/me.
Lan is more hard-working than I am/me.
3. Superlative: So sánh nhất
 Short adjectives
S + be/V+ THE + adj_EST + N + in/at/on/of…..

e.g. Quynh is the tallest student in my class.

 Long adjectives
S + be/V + THE MOST + adj + N + in/on/at/of….

e.g. She is the most intelligent student in our class.

4. Special cases in comparative and superlative.
Adjective Comparative Superlative
1. good better best
2. bad worse worst
3. much/many more most
4. little less least
5. far farther/further farthest/furthest

Adverb (trạng từ) Comparative Superlative

1. well better best
2. badly worse worst
3. early earlier earliest
4. near nearer nearest
5. late later latest
6. far farther/further farthest/furthest
7. fast faster fastest
Practice:
Exercise 1: Give the correct form of the adjective using Comparatives or Superlatives

5. Special cases in comparison.

 So sánh kép: The + comparative + S+be/V…, the + comparative+ S+be/V

 The + adj_er S+ be/V, the adj_er S + be/V (xét với adj ngắn): Càng….càng…

 The more/less + adj/adv/N + S+ be/V, the more/less + adj/adv/N (xét với adj dài)

 The more/less + adv/adj/N + S+ be/V, the adj_er + S + be/V (và ngược lại)

e.g. The more trees we grow in cities, the fresher the air will be.
e.g. The lazier he is, the more likely he will fail in his exams.

 So sánh gấp bội:

S1 + be/V + twice, three times, four times, … + as + many + N (đếm được, số nhiều) + as + S2:
S1 gấp 2, 3, 4 lần S1.
e.g. We have twice as many flowers as they do.

S1 + be/V + twice, three times, four times, … + as + much + N ( không đếm được) + as + S2:
S1 gấp 2, 3, 4 lần S1.
e.g. They earn three times as much money as we do.

 So sánh nhấn mạnh: càng ngày càng

 short adjective: adj_er and adj_er

 long adjective: more and more +adj

e.g. The weather is getting hotter and hotter.

You seem to be more and more beautiful.
D. PRACTICE
I. Choose the best answer to complete each following sentence.
1. The only thing he bought on his trip to Italy was a ______ watch.
A. nice Italian new B. nice new Italian C. new Italian nice D. new nice Italian
2. Jane really loves the ______ jewelry box that her parents gave her as a birthday present.
A. nice brown wooden B. brown wooden nice
C. nice wooden brown D. wooden brown nice
3. Visitors to the local museum are mostly attracted by ______ rocking chair.
A. an old wooden European beautiful B. a beautiful old European wooden
C. an old beautiful wooden European D. a wooden old beautiful European
II. Circle the correct option.
1. I don’t know what it is, but it smells (strongly/strong) of cinnamon.
2. Tim appeared (tiredly/tired) after his tennis match.
3. Why are you looking so (angrily/angry) at me?
4. Mum always seems (unhappily/unhappy) about something after work.
5. This food doesn’t taste (spicily/spicy) enough.
6. Finally Tom became (calmly/calm) after his argument with his wife.
7. I don’t think I can easily get (nervously/nervous).
8. He types very (fastly/fast)
9. He often reaches home (lately/late)
10. He can remember facts and figures very (quickly/quick)
III. Rearrange adjectives in brackets in the correct order.
1. Oh, what a/an ____________________________ sculpture! (African, gorgeous, little)
2. Have you seen my ___________________ boots anywhere? (black, climbing, leather)
3. Does Andrew still drive that _____________________ car? (blue, foreign, ugly)
4. It’s hard to imagine that such a ____________________ frog is so important to the local environment.
(Amazonian, green, tiny)
5. She is wearing the same _________________________ hat. (horrible, wide, yellow)
6. We wanted __________________________________ (grey / a / metal) table.
7. They bought __________________________________ (red / a / new) car.
8. She went home and sat on __________________________ (comfortable / her /
wooden / old) bed.
9. He bought _____________________________ (woollen / a / British / fabulous) suit.
10. They have _____________________________ (Dutch / black) bicycles.
11. He wants ______________________ (some / French / delicious / really) cheese.
12. _____________________________ (young / a / pretty) girl walked into the room.
13. He has __________________________________ (a lot of / old / interesting) books.
14. She bought _____________________________ (plastic / red / a / new) lunchbox.
15. He is looking for __________________________________ (leather / stylish / a /black) bag.
16. She dropped __________________________ (old / beautiful / the) plate and it’s mashed.
17. I want __________________________________ (silk / green / an / amazing) dress.
18. She drank __________________________________ (Italian / black / hot) coffee.
19. He saw __________________________________ (French / writing / old / an) desk.
20. They stayed in __________________________________ (little / a / cute) cottage.
21. I visited __________________________________ (ancient / a / spooky / German) castle.
22. He has __________________________________ (silver / old / beautiful / a) ring.
23. We ate __________________________________ (green / English / round / some) apples.
24. I need __________________________________ (computer / comfortable / a) desk.
25. They went on holiday to ______________________ (small / wooden / a /beautiful) cabin.
IV. Choose the best answer
1. The ____ you study for these exams, the ____ you will do.
A. hard - better B. harder - more successfully
C. much - better D. more - good
2. She doesn't really like vodka, so the ____ a bottle you find, the ____ it will be for us!
A. small - cheaper B. smaller - cheap
C. smaller - good D. smaller - cheaper
3. My neighbor is driving me mad! It seems that the ____ it is at night, the ____ he plays his music!
A. later - more loud B. late - louder
C. later - louder D. more late - loud
4. He spent a year in India and loves spicy food. The ____ the food is, the ____ he likes it.
A. hotter - more B. hot - much
C. hotter - much D. hot - more
5. Of course you can come to the party! The ____ the ____.
A. more - merrier B. more - good C. many - better
7. He has 6 large dogs to protect his house. The ____ the dog, the ____ he feels.
A. big - safer B. biger - safer
A. bigger - safer D. more big - more safe
8. You must drive slower in built up areas. The ____ you drive in the city, the ____ it is that you will
have an accident.
A. faster - probable B. quicker - probably
C. faster - more probably D. quicker - more probable
V. Complete the sentences using the words in bold in the correct order.
1. Oh, what a/an ____________________________sculpture! Did you buy it when you were there?
(African, gorgeous, little)
2. Have you seen my ____________________________boots anywhere? I’m sure I left them here.
(black, climbing, leather)
3. They’ve got some _______________________________shoes in the sale at Derbyshire’s.
(ballet, fantastic, pink, Russian, silk)
4. Didn’t the bride look lovely in that ______________________________dress? (beautiful,
cotton, cream, wedding)
5. Does Spencer still drive that _________________________car of his? (blue, foreign, ugly)
6. It’s hard to imagine that such a ______________________frog is so important to the local
environment. (Amazonian, green, tiny)
7. Andrea has a ____________________________rug on the floor in her bedroom. (long, lovely,
sheepskin, white)
8. The clown was wearing a ____________________________wig and a red nose. (funny, plastic,
red)
9. I couldn’t believe it when Sylvia turned up in the same ________________________hat that she
wore last time. (horrible, wide, yellow)
10. When are you going to get rid of those ______________________trousers? (dreadful, French,
nylon, short)
VI. Circle the correct answer.
1. It’s good to see that Rebecca has become a great lot/deal more independent than she used to be.
2. The hotel was away/far from the most luxurious I’ve stayed in.
3. This is by/from far the worst public transport system I’ve ever been on/
4. Imogen was told that she would have to work a better/good deal harder than she had been doing.
5. It’s nothing/nowhere like as hot today as it was yesterday.
6. The last show was nowhere near/close as good as this one.
7. You’ll have to work hard/hardly if you are to pass the exam next month.
8. The quicker you work, so/the sooner you’ll finish.
9. The old/older you get, the less you want to travel.
10. Why are you looking angry/angrily at me?
11. The meat smells fresh/freshly.
12. The problem of environmental pollution is becoming serious/seriously.
IV. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the
word given. DON’T CHANGE THE WORD GIVEN. You must use BETWEEN THREE AND
EIGHT WORDS.
1. The red shoes are slightly more expensive than the green ones. quite
The green shoes aren’t ___________________________________________the red ones
2. Richard is much more committed to the project than Grant seems to be. like
Grant seems to be ___________________________________________to the project
3. If you argue about it more, we will get to Denver later. the
The ___________________________________________we’ll get to Denver.
4. My new MP3 player was twice the price of yours. (expensive)
Your MP3 player was ________________________________mine.
5. England is much bigger than Wales. (nowhere)
Wales is __________________________________________________England.
6. Bigger cities have higher crime rates. the
The _____________________________________the crime rate.
7. Their first album was considerably more successful than their second. near
Their second album was __________________________________their first.
V. Choose the correct answer.
1. What is that _________________dress that your grandma gave you?
A. lovely, long, pink, silk B. pink, long, lovely, silk
C. lovely, pink, long, silk D. long, pink, silk, lovely
2. Don’t you think _______________in society should have a responsibility to help those less fortunate?
A. wealth B. wealthier C. wealthiest D. the wealthy
3. The rents in this area are ________________the highest in the city.
A. far from away B. away by far C. far and away D. far to away
4. The coastguard boarded the ship and found _______________________.
A. four injured alive men B. alive four men injured
C. four injured men alive D. injured four alive men
5. I’m __________________________my brother is.
A. nowhere like so ambitious B. nothing near as ambitious as
C. nothing as ambitious than D. nowhere near as ambitious as