CIVIL LAW REVIEW I

Dean Marciano G. Delson

Syllabus

Part One – Persons and Family Relations

I. Effect and Application of Laws

A. Effectivity of Laws (Art. 2)
1. Publication Requirement; What to Publish; Importance of Publication
• Cases:
(1) Tañada v. Tuvera, G.R. No. L-63915, December 29, 1986 ABRIAM 4C
(2) De Roy v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 80718, January 29, 1988 ABRILLO 4E
(3) People v. Que Po Lay, 94 Phil 640 ABRILLO 4E
(4) NPC v. Pinatubo Commercial, G.R. No. 176006, March 26, 2010 ABRILLO 4E
(5) Neri vs. Senate Committee on Accountability of Public Officers, G.R. No. 180643 March 25,
2008 ACERO 4D
(6) Pimentel v. Senate Committee of the Whole, G.R. No. 187714, March 8, 2011 ACERO 4D
(7) Conjuangco, Jr. v. Republic, G.R. No. 180705, November 27, 2012 ACERO 4D
(8) Garcillano v. House of Representatives, G.R. No. 170338, December 23, 2008 ACUÑA 4S
B. Ignorance of Law Excuses No One (Art. 3)
1. Mistake of Law vs. Mistake of Fact
a. Art. 526 –mistake on doubtful or difficult provision of law is basis for good faith - mitigates
but does not extinguish liability;
b. Art. 1334 – mutual error on legal effect of agreement- may vitiate consent;
c. Art. 2155 – mistake in payment gives rise to right to return of erroneous payment
C. Prospective Application of Laws (Art. 4)
1. Exceptions
a. If provided in the law itself
b. Procedural law
c. Penal law if favorable to the accused who is not a habitual delinquent
d. Curative and repealing statutes
e. Creating new rights
f. Tax statutes
g. Interpretative statutes
2. Exceptions to the Exceptions
a. Ex post facto laws
b. Penal laws not favorable to the accused
c. Substantive laws impairing vested rights
• Cases:
(9) Valeroso v. People, G.R. No. 164815, February 22, 2008 ACUÑA 4S
(10) PNB v. Office of the President, G.R. No. 104528, January 18, 1996 ACUÑA 4S
(11) Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Philippine Health Care Providers, Inc., G.R. No. 168129,
April 24, 2007 ARGONZA 4C
(12) ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corp. v. Court of Tax Appeals, G.R. No. L-52306, October 12, 1981
ARGONZA 4C

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D. Acts Contrary to Mandatory or Prohibitory Provisions Are Void (Art. 5)

1. Exceptions
a. The law makes the act valid but punishes the violator
b. The law itself authorizes its validity
c. The law makes the act only voidable
d. The law declares the nullity of an act but recognizes its effects as legally existing
E. Waiver of Rights (Art. 6)
1. Requisites
2. Exceptions
a. Waiver is contrary to law, public order, public policy, morals or good customs
b. If the waiver is prejudicial to a third party with a right recognized by law
c. Alleged rights which really do not yet exist, as in the case of future inheritance
d. If the right is a natural right, such as right to be supported
• Cases:
(13) D.M. Consunji v. CA, G.R. No. 137873, April 20, 2001 ARGONZA 4C
(14) Cui v. Arellano University, 2 SCRA 205 ARROYO 4S
(15) PNB v. Nepomuceno Productions, Inc., G.R. No. 139479, December 27, 2002 ARROYO 4S
F. Repeal of Laws (Art. 7)
1. Kinds of Repeal
a. Express
b. Implied (not favored)
2. Effects
3. Sec. 444 of the Local Government Code
• Cases:
(16) Mecano v. COA, G.R. No. 103982, December 11, 1992 ARROYO 4S
G. Judicial Decisions Form Part of the Law of the Land (Art. 8)
1. Doctrine of Stare Decisis
• Cases:
(17) People v. Licera G.R. No. L-39990, July 2, 1975 AUM 4C
H. Duty of Judges (Art. 9)
• Cases:
(18) Chu Jan v. Bernas, 34 Phil 631 (1916) AUM 4C
I. Doubtful Statues (Art. 10)
• Cases:
(19) People v. Purisima, G.R. Nos. L-42050-66, L-46229-32, L-46313-16, L-46997, November 20,
1978 AUM 4C
J. Customs (Arts. 11-12)
1. Requisites to make a custom an obligatory rule
a. Plurality or repetition of acts;
b. Practiced by the great mass of the social group;

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c. Continued practice for a long period of time;

d. The community accepts it as a proper way of acting, such that it is considered as obligatory
upon all
• Cases:
(20) Martinez v. Van Buskirk, 18 Phil 79 (1910) BAG-AYAN 4S
(21) Yao Kee v. Sy-Gonzales, G.R. No. 55960, November 24, 1988 BAG-AYAN 4S
K. Computation of Period and Time (Art. 13)
1. Rule on Computation of Period: First day excluded, last day included
a. Years: 365 days, unless year identified
b. Months: 30 days, unless month identified
c. Days: 24 hours
d. Nights: Sunset to sundown
2. Exception: Computation of age (each year based on birth anniversary)
3. Policy if last day is a Sunday or legal holiday
• Cases:
(22) CIR v. Primetown, G.R. 162155, August 28, 2007 BAG-AYAN 4S
L. Penal Laws (Art. 14)
1. Applicability in the Philippines if committed here
2. Territoriality
3. Exceptions
a. Public international law (diplomatic immunity, etc.)
b. Treaty stipulations
M. Civil Laws (Arts. 15-17)
1. General Rule: Nationality principle
a. Family rights and duties
b. Status
c. Condition
d. Legal capacity
• Cases:
(23) Van Dorn v. Ronillo, Jr., et al., 139 SCRA 139 BALLESTA 4D
(24) Pilapil v. Ibay-Somera, 174 SCRA 653 BALLESTA 4D
(25) San Luis v. San Luis, G.R. Nos. 133743 & 134029, February 6, 2007 BALLESTA 4D
(26) Quita v. Dandan, G.R. No. 124862, December 22, 1998 BALOLOY 4E
2. Exceptions
a. Property transactions (real or personal): Lex situs
i. Exception to Exception: Succession: National law of the decedent
c. Order of successional rights: National law of the decedent
d. Amount of successional rights: National law of the decedent
e. Intrinsic validity of testamentary provisions: National law of the decedent
f. Capacity to succeed: National law of the decedent

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g. Art. 26, par. 2 of the Family Code

h. Lex Loci Celebrationis
i. Exceptions to the Exception:
.
I Intrinsic validity of ordinary contracts
II . Art. 26, par. 1 of the Family Code
3. Renvoi Doctrine
• Cases:
(27) Government v. Frank BALOLOY 4E
(28) Aznar v. Garcia, In the Matter of the Intestate Estate of Edward Christiansen BALOLOY
4E
N. Suppletory Application of the Civil Code in Matters Governed by Special Laws (Art. 18)

II. Human Relations

A. Arts. 19-21
1. Doctrine of Abuse of Right
a. Requisites
• Cases:
(29) Uypitching v. Quiamco, G.R. No. 146322, December 6, 2006 BAYLON 4S
(30) Globe Mackay Cable v. CA, 176 SCRA 778 BAYLON 4S
(31) University of the East v. Jader, G.R. No. 132344, February 17, 2000 BAYLON 4S
(32) MERALCO v. Spouses Ramos, G.R. No. 195145, February 10, 2016 BAYOT 4S
(33) Heirs of Nala v. Cabansag, G.R. No. 161188, June 13, 2008 BAYOT 4S
2. Doctrine of Volenti Non Fit Injuria
3. Damnum Absque Injuria
• Cases:
(34) Nikko Hotel Manila Garden, et al. v. Reyes, G.R. No. 154259, February 28, 2005 BAYOT
4S
(35) Spouses Carbonell v. Metropolitan Bank and Trust Co., G.R. No. 178467, April 26, 2017
BIAGTAN 4D
4. Acts Contra Bonus Mores
a. Requisites
b. Breach of Promise to Marry
• Cases:
(36) Wassmer v. Velez, G.R. No. L-20089, December 26, 1964 BIAGTAN 4D
(37) Gashem Shookat Baksh v. CA, G.R. No. 97336, February 19, 1993 BINAYAN 4C
(38) Pe vs. Pe, G.R. No. L-17396, May 30, 1962 BINAYAN 4C
(39) Hermosisima v. Court of Appeals, 109 Phil. BINAYAN 4C
B. Unjust Enrichment (Art. 22)
1. Accion in rem verso
• Cases:

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(40) Spouses Villalva v. RCBC Savings Bank, G.R. NO. 165661, August 28, 2006 BLANCAFLOR
4D
(41) Loria v. Muñoz, Jr., G.R. No. 187240, October 15, 2014 BONETE 4E
(42) Frenzel v. Catito, July 11, 2003 BONETE 4E
C. Respect for Other’s Privacy, Personality, Etc. (Art. 26)
• Cases:
(43) Tenchavez v. Escano, 15 SCRA 355 BONETE 4E
(44) St. Louis Realty v. CA, 133 SCRA 179 BUENAVISTA 4C
(45) Gregorio v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 179799, September 11, 2009 BUENAVISTA 4C
D. Unfair Competition (Art. 28)
• Cases:
(46) Willaware Products Corp. v. Jesichris Manufacturing Corp., G.R. No. 195549, September 3,
2014 BUENAVISTA 4C
E. Independent Civil Actions
1. Breach of Constitutional and Other Rights (Art. 32)
• Cases:
(47) Aberca v. Verr, 160 SCRA 590 BUGNOSEN 4D
2. Defamation, Fraud, Physical Injuries (Art. 33)
• Cases:
(48) Corpus v. Paje, G.R. No. L-26737, July 31, 1969 BUGNOSEN 4D
(49) Madeja v. Caro, G.R. No. L-51183, December 21, 1983 BUGNOSEN 4D
(50) Bonite v. Zosa, G.R. No. L-33772, June 20, 1988 CAJIGAL 4E
3. Refusal or Failure of City or Municipal Police to Render Protection (Art. 34)
4. Quasi Delict or Culpa Aquiliana (Arts. 2176 and 2177)
F. Prejudicial Question (Art. 36)
1. General Rule: Criminal Case takes precedence
2. Exception: Rule 111, Sec. 1 of the Rules of Court
3. Application to civil, criminal, administrative cases
• Cases:
(51) Te v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 126746, November 29, 2000 CAJIGAL 4E
(52) Zapanta v. Montesa, 4 SCRA 510 CAJIGAL 4E
(53) People v. Aragon, 94 Phil. 257 CASTRO 4C
(54) Morigo v. People, G.R. No. 145226, February 06, 2004 CASTRO 4C
(55) Capili v. People, G.R. No. 183805, July 3, 2013 CASTRO 4C
(56) Tenebro v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 150758, February 18, 2004 CHUA 4C
(57) San Miguel Proeprties, Inc., v. Perez, G.R. No. 166836, September 4, 2013 CHUA 4C
(58) Apa v. Fernandez, G.R. No. 112381, March 20, 1995 CHUA 4C

III. Persons (Art. 37-51)

A. Juridical Capacity vs. Capacity to Act

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1. Restrictions/Limitations and Modifications on Capacity to Act

B. Natural Persons
1. Beginning and End of Personality
a. When child considered born
2. Theory of General Capacities
• Cases:
(59) Quimiguing v. Icao, G.R. No. L-26795, July 31, 1970 CO 4S
(60) Geluz v. CA, G.R. No. L-16439, July 20, 1961 CO 4S
C. R.A. No. 6809
D. Juridical Persons
1. How Created and How Terminated
2. Theory of Special Capacities
• Cases:
(61) Limjoco v. Estate of Pedro Fragante, G.R. No. L-770, April 27, 1948 CO 4S
E. Rules on Survivorship
F. Citizenship
• Cases:
(62) Moy Ya Lim Yao v. CID, 41 SCRA 292 CONSTANTINO 4S
(63) Republic v. Batuigas, G.R. No. 183110, October 7, 2013 CONSTANTINO 4S
(64) Frivaldo v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 120295, June 28, 1996 CUEVA 4S
G. Domicile vs. Residence
• Cases:
(65) Romualdez-Marcos v. COMELEC, 248 SCRA 300 CUEVA 4S

IV. Marriage
A. Definition (Art. 1)
1. Special Contract vs. Ordinary Contract
B. Requirements (Arts. 2-6)
1. Essential
a. Legal Capacity
i. Sex
ii. Age
.
I 18-21 requires parental consent: Voidable if none
II . 21-25 requires parental advice: Valid if none but issuance of marriage license is
suspended for 3 months
.
A Effect if license issued before 3 months: Mere irregularity
iii. Absence of Impediments (Arts. 35[4], 36-38, 52-53)
b. Consent
2. Formal
3. Effects

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a. Absence of Essential or Formal: Void

i. Exception: Art. 35(2)
b. Defective Essential: Voidable
c. Irregular Formal: Valid but persons liable punished civilly, criminally or administratively
i. Exception: Voidable if no consent from parents, either or both of contracting parties at 18
or above but below 21
C. Authority of solemnizing officer (Art 7)
1. Persons authorized
2. Exception: Either or both parties in good faith, person unauthorized to solemnize marriage Art.
35(2)
• Cases:
(66) Navarro v. Domagtoy, A.M. No. MTJ-96-1088, July 19, 1996 CUEVA 4S
D. Valid Marriage License
1. Art. 9, Art. 10, Art. 20
2. Marriages Exempt from Marriage License (Arts. 27-34)
a. No good faith exception
3. When either or both parties are foreign citizens, stateless persons or refugees (Art. 21)
• Cases:
(67) Kho v. Republic, G.R. No. 187462, June 1, 2016 DADAYAN 4C
(68) Republic v. Dayot, G.R. Nos. 175581 & 179474, March 28, 2008 DADAYAN 4C
(69) Niñal v. Bayadog, G.R. No. 133778, March 14, 2000 DATUIN 4E
(70) Office of the Court Administrator v. Necesario, A.M. No. MTJ-07-1691, April 2, 2013 DATUIN
4E
(71) Diaz-Salgado v. Anson, G.R. No. 204494, July 27, 2016 DAUZ 4S
E. Marriage Ceremony
1. No particular form prescribed
2. Minimum requirements:
a. Appear before Solemnizing officer
i. Proxy Marriage
b. Declaration that they take each other as husband and wife
c. Presence of at least 2 witnesses of legal age
i. Absence merely an irregularity
F. Non-Essential/Non-Formal Requirements
1. Marriage Certificate: Best evidence
• Cases:
(72) Vda. de Jacob v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 135216, August 19, 1999 DE ALVA 4D
2. Venue of Marriage (Art. 8)
a. Directory, not affect validity of marriage
G. Foreign Marriage

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1. General Rule: Where one or both parties to the marriage are citizens of the Philippines, the foreign
marriage is valid in this country if solemnized in accordance with the laws of the country of
celebration
2. Exceptions:
a. Contracted by a national who is below 18 years of age
b. Bigamous or polygamous (except as provided in Art. 41, FC)
c. Contracted through mistake of one party as to the identity of the other
d. Contracted following the annulment or declaration of nullity of a previous marriage but before
partition
e. Void due to psychological incapacity
f. Incestuous
g. Void for reasons of public policy
3. Divorce (Art. 26(2))
a. Requisites
i. Valid marriage between Filipino citizen and foreigner
ii. Valid divorce obtained
• Cases:
(73) Republic v. Manalo, G.R. No. 221029, April 24, 2018 DE ALVA 4D
(74) Garcia v. Recio, G.R. No. 138322, October 2, 2002 DE ALVA 4D
(75) Republic v. Obrecido III, GR No. 154380, October 5, 2005 DE LOS REYES 4E
(76) Van Dorn v. Ronillo, Jr. et al., 139 SCRA 139 DE LOS REYES 4E
(77) Republic v. Iyoy, G.R. No. 152577, September 21, 2005 DELA CRUZ 4C
(78) Fujiki v. Marinay, G.R. No. 196049, June 26, 2013 DELA CRUZ 4C
(79) Corpuz v. Sto. Tomas, G.R. No. 186571, August 11, 2010 DIMAANO 4C

V. Void Marriage
A. Grounds
1. Where any party is below 18, even with consent of parents/guardians (Art. 35[1])
2. Absence of authority of person who solemnized the marriage (Art. 35[2])
a. Exception: Any or both of parties in good faith
3. Absence of Marriage License
a. Exceptions: Arts. 27-34
4. Bigamous or Polygamous (Art. 35[4])
• Cases:
(80) Santiago v. People, G.R. No. 200233, July 15, 2015 DIMAANO 4C
(81) Capili v. People, G.R. No. 183805, July 3, 2013 DIMACULANGAN 4S
(82) Tenebro v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 150758, February 18, 2004 DIMACULANGAN 4S
(83) Montañez v. Cipriano, G.R. No. 181089, October 22, 2012 DITCHING 4E
a. Presumptive Death (Art. 41)
i. Effect of Reappearance of Absent Spouse
• Cases:

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(84) Republic v. Tampus, G.R. No. 214243, March 16, 2016 DITCHING 4E
(85) Republic v. Sareñogon, Jr., G.R. No. 199194, February 10, 2016 ENRIQUEZ 4C
5. Mistake in (Physical) Identity (Art. 35[5])
6. Void Subsequent Marriage
a. Without judicial declaration of nullity of previous void marriage (Art. 40)
• Cases:
(86) Domingo v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 104818, September 17, 1993 ENRIQUEZ 4C
(87) Castillo v. De Leon Castillo, G.R. No. 189607, April 18, 2016 ESTILO 4E
(88) Montañez v. Cipriano, G.R. No. 181089, 22 October 2012 ESTILO 4E
(89) Vitangcol v. People, G.R. No. 207406, January 13, 2016 ESTIPONA 4D
(90) Cariño v. Cariño, G.R. No. 132529, February 2, 2001 ESTIPONA 4D
(91) Jarillo v. People, June 29, 2010 FABICO 4C
(92) Atienza v. Brillantes, March 29, 1995 FABICO 4C
b. Without judicial declaration of presumptive death of absent spouse (Art. 41)
c. Where the absent spouse was presumed dead, and both the present spouse and would–be
spouse were in bad faith in contracting marriage (Art. 44)
d. Failure to record in the civil registry and registry of property the judgment of annulment or of
absolute nullity of the marriage, partition and distribution of the property of the spouses and
the delivery of the children’s presumptive legitimes (Arts. 52–53)
e. Effect of Termination of Subsequent Marriage (Art. 43)
i. Children of the subsequent marriage conceived prior to its termination shall be
considered legitimate
ii. Dissolution & liquidation of the absolute community or conjugal partnership. If either
spouse acted in bad faith, his share in the net profits shall be forfeited:
.
I In favor of the common children;
II . If none, in favor of the children of the guilty spouse by previous marriage; or
III. In default of children, in favor of the innocent spouse;
iii. Donations by reason of marriage remain valid except if the donee contracted the marriage
in bad faith
iv. The innocent spouse may revoke the designation of the spouse in bad faith as the
beneficiary in any insurance policy
v. The spouse who contracted the subsequent marriage in bad faith shall be disqualified to
inherit from the innocent spouse by testate or intestate succession
7. Psychological Incapacity
a. Elements
b. Molina Doctrine
• Cases:
(93) Santos v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 112019, January 4, 1995 FABREGAS 4D
(94) Republic v. Court of Appeals and Molina, G.R. No. 108763, February 13, 1997
FABREGAS 4D
(95) Marcos v. Marcos, G.R. No. 136490, October 19, 2000 FABREGAS 4D
(96) Castillo v. Republic, G.R. No. 214064, February 6, 2017 FERNANDEZ 4D

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(97) Chi Ming Tsoi v. CA, GR No. 119190, January 16, 1997 FETALVERO 4C
(98) Buenaventura v. CA, et al., G.R. No. 127358, March 31, 2005 FETALVERO 4C
(99) Carating-Siayngo v. Siayngo, G.R. No. 158896, October 27, 2004 GADDUANG 4D
(100) Ngo Te v. Yu-Te, G.R. No. 161793, February 13, 2009 GADDUANG 4D
(101) Agraviador v. Amparo-Agraviador GALANDINES 4E
(102) Republic v. Romero, G.R. No. 209180, February 24, 2016 GALANDINES 4E
(103) Siayngco v. Siayngco, G.R. No. 158896, October 27, 2004 GAMENG 4S
(104) Antonio v. Reyes, G.R. No. 155800, March 10, 2006 GAMENG 4S
(105) Matudan v. Republic, G.R. No. 203284, November 14, 2016 GASCON 4E
(106) Mallion v. Alcantara, G.R. No. 141528, October 3, 2006 GASCON 4E
8. Incestuous (Art. 37)
a. Between ascendants and descendants of any degree
b. Between brothers and sisters whether of the full or half blood
9. Void for Reasons of Public Policy
a. Collateral blood relatives whether legitimate or illegitimate up to the 4th civil degree
b. Step–parents & step children
c. Parents–in–law & children–in–law
d. The adopting parent & the adopted child
e. The surviving spouse of the adopting parent & the adopted child
f. The surviving spouse of the adopted child & the adopter
g. Adopted child & a legitimate child of the adopter
h. Adopted children of the same adopter
i. Parties where one, with the intention to marry the other, killed the latter’s spouse, or his/her
spouse.
.
I There is no need for conviction in a criminal case of the guilty party. The fact of killing
committed by one of the parties to the marriage can be proved in a civil case
B. Action for Declaration of Nullity of Marriage
1. A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC, March 4, 2003
2. A.M. No. 02-11-12-SC, March 4, 2003
• Cases:
(107) Republic v. Olaybar, G.R. No. 189538, February 10, 2014 GOZUM 4C
(108) Garcia-Quiazon v. Belen, G.R. No. 189121, July 31, 2013 GOZUM 4C

VI. Voidable Marriage

A. Grounds: Must exist at time of Marriage (Art. 45)
1. 18 or over but below 21 without consent of parents or guardian
2. Either party unsound mind
3. Consent obtained by fraud
a. Non-disclosure of previous conviction by final judgment of a crime involving moral turpitude
b. Wife concealed pregnancy by another at time of marriage

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c. Concealment of STD existing at time of marriage

d. Concealment of drug addiction, habitual alcoholism or homosexuality or lesbianism at time of
marriage
• Cases:
(109) Aquino v. Delizo, G.R. No. L-15853, July 27, 1960 GUINTO 4S
(110) Anaya v. Palaroan, GR. No. L–27930, November 26, 1970 GUINTO 4S
4. Consent obtained by force, intimidation or undue influence
5. Either physically incapable of consummating marriage, incapacity continues and appears to be
incurable
a. Doctrine of Triennial Cohabitation
• Cases:
(111) Sarao v. Guevarra, G.R. No. 47063, 40 O.G. 263 (CA) GUINTO 4S
6. Either party afflicted with serious STD which appears to be incurable
B. Action for Annulment of Marriage
1. A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC, March 4, 2003
2. A.M. No. 02-11-12-SC, March 4, 2003
3. Persons who may file action for annulment; Period for filing
a. Parents/Guardian who did not give consent before party reaches 21
b. Party within 5 years from majority unless freely cohabited
c. During the lifetime, either party or any relative or person having legal charge
d. Within 5 years from discovery by injured party unless thereafter freely cohabited
e. Within 5 years after force, intimidation or undue influence ceased by the injured party unless
thereafter freely cohabited
f. Injured party within 5 years from marriage for STD and or incapacity to consummate marriage
4. Role of Prosecuting Attorney/ Public Prosecutor
• Cases:
(112) Tuason v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 116607, April 10, 1996 HIPONIA 4C
C. Effect of Termination of Marriage
1. Children
a. Status
b. Custody
2. Support (Spouse, child)
3. Presumptive Legitime
4. Property Relation
a. Liquidation of Community of Property
5. Testate or Intestate Succession
6. Insurance Policy
7. Donation Propter Nuptias
• Cases:
(113) Espiritu v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 115640, March 15, 1995 HIPONIA 4C
(114) Lim-Lua v. Lua, G.R. Nos. 175279-80, June 5, 2013 HIQUIANA 4E

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(115) Mangonon v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 125041, June 30, 2006 HIQUIANA 4E
(116) Domingo v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 104818, September 17, 1993 HONRALES 4E

VII. Legal Separation

A. Grounds (Art. 55)
• Cases:
(117) Gandionco v. Peñaranda, G.R. No. 79284, November 27, 1987 HONRALES 4E
(118) Ong v. Ong, G.R. No. 153206, October 23, 2006 IGNACIO 4S
B. Action for Legal Separation
1. A.M. No. 02-11-11-SC, March 15, 2003
2. A.M. No. 02-11-12-SC, March 4, 2003
3. Effects of Filing Petition
4. Cooling-off Period (Art. 58); Sec. 19, RA 9262
• Cases:
(119) Somosa-Ramos v. Vamenta Jr., G.R. No. L-34132, July 29, 1972 IGNACIO 4S
5. Grounds for Denial of Petition (Art. 56)
• Cases:
(120) Ong v. Ong, G.R. No. 153206, October 23, 2006 ISIDRO 4C
(121) Bugayong v. Ginez, G.R. No. L-10033, December 28, 1956 ISIDRO 4C
(122) Busuego v. Office of the Ombudsman, G.R. No. 196842, October 9, 2013 KHO 4C
(123) Sy v. Eufemio, G.R. No. L-30977, January 31, 1972 KHO 4C
4. Period for Filing (Art. 57)
C. Effects of Decree of Legal Separation
• Cases:
(124) Sabalones v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 106169, February 14, 1994 LACSAMANA 4E
(125) Siochi v. Gozon, G.R. No. 169900, 169977, March 18, 2010 LACSAMANA 4E
(126) Maquilan v. Maquilan, G.R. No. 155409, June 8, 2007 LAGUMBAY 4C
D. Effects of Reconciliation

VIII. Rights and Obligations Between Husband and Wife (Arts. 68-73)

• Cases:
(127) Goitia v. Campos-Rueda, 35 Phil 252 (1916) LAGUMBAY 4C
(128) Arroyo v. Vazquez de Arroyo, 42 Phil 54 (1921) LIANGCO 4D
(129) Illusorio v. Bildner, G.R. No. 139789 & 139808, May 12 2000 LIANGCO 4D
(130) Tenchavez v. Escaño, G.R. No. L-19671, November 29, 1965 LIM 4E

IX. Property Relations Between Husband and Wife

A. Marriage Settlement
1. Requisites
2. Modifications: Must be made before marriage

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a. Exception: Judicial Separation of Property During Marriage (Art. 76)

• Cases:
(131) Pana v. Heirs of Juanite, Sr., G.R. No. 164201, December 10, 2012 LIM 4E
B. Absence of Marriage Settlement, Joint Administration (Arts. 96, 124[1])
1. General Rule: Property relations governed by Philippine laws (Art. 80)
2. Exceptions:
a. Both spouses are aliens
b. As to extrinsic validity of contracts
i. Not situated and executed in the Philippines
ii. Situated in the foreign country but not executed in the Philippines
c. Contrary stipulation
3. In case of disagreement, husband’s decision prevails
a. Wife: Relief from courts within 5 years from transaction
4. Incapacity of spouse or cannot provide for joint administration: Assumption of sole administration
(Arts. 96, 124[2])
5. Transfer of administration (Art. 142)
6. Administration vs. Acts of Ownership
7. Management of household
8. Failure to comply with obligation (Arts. 101, 128)
C. Donations by Reason of Marriage
1. Requisites
2. Distinguished from ordinary donation
• Cases:
(132) Valencia v. Locquiao, G.R. No. 122134, October 3, 2003 LINGAN 4C
D. Donation between Spouses During the Marriage
• Cases:
(133) Matabuena v. Cervantes, G.R. No. L-28771, March 31, 1971 LINGAN 4C
(134) Arcaba v. Vda. de Batocael, G.R. No. 146683, November 22, 2001 LLEDO 4D
(135) Harding v. Commercial Union Assurance Co., 38 Phil. 464 LLEDO 4D
E. Grounds for Revocation
• Cases:
F. Property Relations Governed By
1. Marriage settlement
2. By provisions of the Family Code
3. By local customs
G. Absolute Community of Property
1. General Rule: Consists of all property owned by the spouses at the time of the marriage or acquired
thereafter (Art. 91)
2. Exceptions
a. Property acquired before the marriage by either spouse who has legitimate descendants by a
former marriage

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b. Property for personal and exclusive use except jewelry

c. Property acquired during the marriage by gratuitous title, except when the donor, testator or
grantor expressly provides otherwise (Art. 92)
• Cases:
(136) Nobleza v. Nuega, G.R. No. 193038, March 11, 2015 MACAPAAR 4E
3. Administration and Disposition
• Cases:
(137) Flores v. Spouses Lindo, Jr., G.R. No. 183984, April 13, 2011 MACAPAAR 4E
4. Rule on Game of Chance
5. Remedies of Present Spouse in Case of Abandonment
• Cases:
(138) De la Cruz v. De la Cruz, G.R. No. L-19565, January 30, 1968 MARMOL 4C
6. Charges upon and Obligations
7. Liquidation (Art. 102)
8. Grounds for Termination (Art. 99)
H. Conjugal Partnership of Gains
1. Properties under Conjugal Partnership of Gains
• Cases:
(139) Villanueva v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 143286, April 14, 2004 MARMOL 4C
(140) Bank of the Philippine Islands v. Posadas, Jr., 56 Phil 215 (1931) MAWAK 4E
(141) Jocson v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-55322, February 16, 1989 MAWAK 4E
(142) Jovellanos v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 100728, June 18, 1992 MENDIOLA 4E
(143) Castillo, Jr. v. Pasco, G.R. No. L-16857, May 29, 1964 MENDIOLA 4E
2. Exclusive Property of Each Spouse (Art. 109)
• Cases:
(144) Magallon v. Montejo, G.R. No. 73733, December 16, 1986 MINGOA 4D
(145) Vda. de Padilla v. Vda. de Padilla, 74 Phil 377 (1943) MINGOA 4D
(146) Lilius v. Manila Railroad Co., 62 Phil 56 (1935) MONDIGO 4C
(147) Zulueta v. Pan-American World Airways, 49 SCRA 1 MONDIGO 4C
3. Rule in Case of Improvement of Exclusive Property
a. Accession
b. Reverse Accession
• Cases:
(148) Villanueva v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 74577, December 4, 1990 MONES
4D
(149) Vda. de Padilla v. Paterno, 113 Phil. 656 MONES 4D
4. Charges upon and Obligations
• Cases:
(150) BA Finance Corp. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-61464, May 28, 1988 MONTERO 4S
(151) Security Bank v. Mar Tierra Corp., GR No. 143382, November 29, 2006 MONTERO 4S

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(152) Carandang v. Heirs of de Guzman, G.R. No. 160347, November 29, 2006 MONTERO 4S
(153) Spouses Go v. Yamane, G.R. No. 160762, May 3, 2006 OGAD 4C
(154) Ching v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 124642, February 23, 2004 OGAD 4C
(155) Borlongan v. Banco de Oro, G.R. Nos. 217617 & 218540 (Resolution), April 5, 2017
PALTING 4C
(156) Lacson v. Diaz, G.R. No. L-19346, May 31, 1965 PALTING 4C
(157) Pana v. Heirs of Juanite, Sr., G.R. No. 164201, December 10, 2012 PASCUA 4D
(158) Spouses Wong v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 70082, August 19, 1991 PASION
4S
(159) Costuna v. Damondon, December 19, 1989 PASION 4S
5. Administration of Conjugal Partnership Property
• Cases:
(160) Pelayo v. Perez, G.R. No. 141323, June 8, 2005 PASION 4S
(161) Homeowners and Savings Loan Bank v. Dailo, G.R. No 153802, March 11, 2005
PIMENTEL 4E
(162) Jose Uy v. CA, G.R. No. 109557, November 2, 2000 PIMENTEL 4E
(163) Jader-Manalo v. Spouses Camaisa, G.R. No. 147978, January 23, 2002 PRADO 4C
(164) Spouses Guiang v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 125172, June 26, 1998 PRADO 4C
6. Dissolution and Liquidation
• Cases:
(165) Quiao v. Quiao, G.R. No. 176556, July 4, 2012 PUA 4D
(166) Domingo v. Spouses Molina, G.R. No. 200274, April 20, 2016 PUA 4D
(167) PNB v. Quintos, 46 Phil. 370 QUISMORIO 4E
I. Separation of Property
1. Marriage Settlement (Art. 134)
2. Judicial Order
a. Causes
b. Effects
J. Union without Marriage (Arts. 147 and 148)
1. Applicability
2. Salaries and Wages
3. Property Acquired Exclusively by Other Party
4. Property Acquired by Both
5. Presumption
• Cases:
(168) Valdez v. RTC, G.R. No. 122749, July 31, 1996 QUISMORIO 4E
(169) Diño v. Diño, G.R. No. 178044, January 19, 2011 RAMOS 4S
(170) Agapay v. Palang, G.R. No. 116668, July 28, 1997 RAMOS 4S
(171) Manila Surety & Fidelity Co., Inc. vs. Teodoro, G.R. No. L-20530, June 29, 1967 RANCAPERO
4C

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(172) Francisco vs. Master Iron Works & Construction Corp., G.R. No. 151967, February 16, 2005
RANCAPERO 4C
(173) Atienza vs. De Castro, Atienza v. De Castro, G.R. No. 169698, November 29, 2006 REALINO
4E

X. The Family
A. Family Relation
B. Mandatory Prior Recourse to Compromise (Art. 151, NCC)
1. Exceptions
• Cases:
(174) Martinez v. Martinez, G.R. No. 162084, June 28, 2005 RIVERA 4E
(175) Gayon v. Gayon, G.R. No. L-28394, November 26, 1970 RIVERA 4E
C. Family Home
1. General Rule: Exempt from executions
2. Exceptions
• Cases:
(176) Manacop v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 97898, August 11, 1997 SALAZAR 4E
(177) Taneo, Jr. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 108532, March 9, 1999 SALAZAR 4S
(178) Modequillo v. Breva, G.R. No. 86355, May 31, 1990 SALAZAR 4S
(179) Patricio v. Dario III, G.R. No. 170829, November 20, 2006 SAMANIEGO 4E
(180) Eulogio v. Bell, Sr., G.R. No. 186322, July 8, 2015 SAMANIEGO 4E

XI. Paternity and Filiation

A. Legitimate Children
1. General Rule: Conceived or born during a valid marriage
• Cases:
(181) De Jesus v. Estate of Dizon, G.R. No. 142877, October 2, 2001 SANCHEZ 4C
(182) Social Security System v. Aguas, G.R. No. 165546, February 27, 2006 SANCHEZ 4C
2. Exceptions
a. Artificial Insemination
b. Born of voidable marriage before decree of annulment
c. Conceived or born before judgment of nullity under Art. 36 has become final and executory
d. Conceived or born of Subsequent marriage under Art. 53
e. Conceived or born of mothers who might have declared against legitimacy or sentenced as
adulteress
f. Legally adopted
g. Legitimated
3. Rules on Impugning Legitimacy
a. Generally instituted only by husband
b. Prescriptive period
c. Exception: Heirs may file

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i. Husband dies before period expires (remainder)

ii. Posthumous birth (full period)
iii. Continue case instituted by husband
d. Grounds
• Cases:
(183) Concepcion v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 123450, August 31, 2005 SIMBULAN 4D
(184) Estate of Ong v. Diaz, G.R. No. 171713, December 17, 2007 SIMBULAN 4D
(185) Benitez-Badua v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 105625, January 24, 1994 SISON 4C
(186) Geronimo v. Santos, G.R. No. 197099, September 28, 2015 SISON 4C
(187) Babiera v. Catotal, G.R. No. 138493, June 15, 2000 SOBERANO 4D
(188) Agustin v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 162571, June 15, 2005 SOBERANO 4D
(189) Angeles v. Angeles, G.R. No. 153798, September 2, 2005 STA. MARIA 4C
B. Illegitimate Children
C. Actions to Claim Legitimate/Illegitimate Status
1. Who can claim
2. Proof of filiation
• Cases:
(190) Salas v. Matusalem, G.R. No. 180284, September 11, 2013 STA. MARIA 4C
(191) Ilano v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 104376, February 23, 1994 STA. MARIA 4C
(192) Herrera v. Alba, G.R. No. 148220, June 15, 2005 SUMANQUI 4D
(193) People v. Malapo, G.R. No. 123115, August 25, 1998 SUMANQUI 4D
(194) Mendoza v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 86302, September 24, 1991 SUMAYA 4E
(195) Liyao, Jr. v. Tanhoti-Liyao, G.R. No. 138961, March 7, 2002 TAN 4D
(196) Verceles v. Posada, G.R. No. 159785, April 27, 2007 TAN 4D

XII. Adoption
A. Domestic Adoption Act
B. Inter-Country Adoption
• Cases:
(197) In the Matter of the Adoption of Stephanie Nathy Astorga Garcia, G.R. No. 148311, March 31,
2005 TAN 4E
(198) In Re: Petition for Adoption of Michelle P. Lim and Michael Jude P. Lim, G.R. Nos. 168992-93, May
21, 2009 TAN 4E

XIII. Support

A. Basis: Financial Capacity of Giver, Needs of Recipient

1. Not based on parental authority, hence hoes not terminate with emancipation
B. Coverage
1. Substance
2. Dwelling

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3. Clothing
4. Medical Attendance
5. Education
6. Transportation
C. Kinds
1. Legal
2. Judicial
3. Conventional
D. Characteristics
1. Personal
2. Intransmissible
3. Not subject to waiver or compensation
4. Exempt from attachment or execution
5. Reciprocal
6. Provisional character of support judgment
7. Mandatory
E. Persons Obliged to Support Each Other (Art. 195)
F. Order of Liability If Several Persons Obliged to Give Support (Art. 199)
• Cases:
(199) Magnonon v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 125041, June 30, 2006 TECSON 4C
(200) Dadivas de Villanueva v. Villanueva, 54 Phil 93 (1929) TECSON 4C
(201) Quintana v. Lerma, 24 Phil 285 (1913) TECSON 4D
(202) Francisco v. Znadueta, 61 Phil 752 (1935) TECSON 4D
(203) Ramirez v. Redfern, 49 Phil 849 (1926) TECSON 4E

XIV. Parental Authority

A. General Rule: Exercised Jointly
B. Exceptions:
1. Judicial Order to the Contrary
2. Illegitimate Child
3. Parental Preference Rule
4. Rule in Case of Legal Separation
C. Persons exercising Substitute Parental Authority (Art. 216)
D. Persons exercising Special Parental Authority (Art. 218)
E. Kinds of Properties of a Minor
1. Adventitious
2. Profectitious
F. Grounds for Termination and/or Suspension of Parental Authority
1. Emancipation
2. Death

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3. Adoption
4. Appointment of Another as General Guardian
5. Judicial Declaration of Abandonment
6. Final Judgment Divesting Parental Authority
a. Excessive harshness
b. Corrupting orders
c. Compelling child to beg
d. Rape
e. Acts of lasciviousness
f. Judicial declaration of incapacity
7. Permanent/Temporary
• Cases:
(204) Santos v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 113054, March 16, 1995 TECSON 4E
(205) Sagala-Eslao v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 116773, January 16, 1997 TEJADA 4S
(206) Vancil v. Belmes, G.R. No. 132223, June 19, 2001 TEJADA 4S
(207) Espiritu v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 115640, March 15, 1995 TENEPERE 4D
(208) Luna v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. L-68374, June 18, 1985 TENEPERE 4D
(209) Pablo-Gulaberto v. Gualberto, G.R. Nos. 154994 & 156254, June 28, 2005 TOLENTINO 4D
(210) Briones v. Miguel, G.R. No. 156343, October 18, 2004 TOLENTINO 4D
(211) St. Mary’s Academy v. Carpitanos, G.R. No. 143363, February 6, 2002 TORRES 4S

XV. Emancipation and Age of Majority

A. Reaching 18 Years of Age
B. R.A. No. 6809

XVI. Summary Judicial Proceedings under the Family Code

• Cases:
(212) Republic v. Lorino, G.R. No. 160528, January 19, 2005 TORRES 4S

XVII.Funerals

A. Duty and right to make arrangement about funerals is in accordance with right and duty to
support under Art. 199 of the Family Code
B. The funeral shall be in keeping with the social position of the deceased
C. The funeral shall be in accordance with the expressed wishes of the deceased
1. In the absence of the expressed wishes, his religious beliefs or affiliation shall determine
2. In case of doubt, the persons in Art. 199 of the Family Code shall decide
D. Any person who disrespects the dead or allows the same shall be liable for damages
E. If the deceased is married, the tombstone or mausoleum is deemed a part of the funeral expense
and chargeable against the community or conjugal partnership property
• Cases:

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(213) Valino v. Adriano, G.R. No. 182894, April 22, 2014 TULAYAN 4E

XVIII.Cancellation or Correction of Entries

A. R.A. No. 9048

B. Rule 108
C. Grounds
• Cases:
(214) Republic v. Cagandahan, G.R. No. 166676, September 12, 2008 TULAYAN 4E
(215) Silverio v. Republic, G.R. No. 174689, October 22, 2007 USMAN 4S

XIX. Surname
A. Reason for Interest of State
1. Prevent confusion of identity
2. Prevent use of name for illegal purposes
B. Legal Name: What Appears in Birth Certificate
C. Change: Rule 103 of the Rules of Court
1. Court Approval
2. Grounds
a. Ridiculous, Dishonorable
b. Extreme Difficulty to Pronounce
c. Adoption of Filipino name to remove traces of alienage
d. Legal cause – adoption, et al.
• Cases:
(216) Gan v. Republic, G.R. No. 207147, September 14, 2016 USMAN 4S
(217) Grande v. Antonio, G.R. No. 206248, February 18, 2014 VALLES 4E
(218) Republic v. Hernandez, G.R. No. 117209, February 9, 1996 VALLES 4E
(219) In re: Petition for change of name and/or correction/cancellation of entry in civil registry of
Julian Lin Carulasan Wang, G.R. No. 159966, March 30, 2005 VICTA 4D
(220) Republic v. Cagandahan, G.R. No. 166676, September 12, 2008 VILLAROMAN 4S
(221) Silverio v. Republic, G.R. No. 174689, October 22, 2007 VILLAROMAN 4S
(222) Republic v. CA, GR No. 97906, May 21, 1992 VILLEGAS 4S/4E
D. Rules on what to use
1. Legitimate or Legitimated Children
2. Illegitimate Children
• Cases:
(223) Calderon v. Republic, 19 SCRA 721 VISTA 4S
(224) Llaneta v. Agrava, 57 SCRA 29 VISTA 4S
(225) In re: Adoption of Stephanie Nathy Astorga Garcia, G.R. No. 148311, March 31, 2005
YATCO 4E
3. Adopted Child

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4. Married Women
a. May retain maiden name
i. May not do so if has been using husband’s surname for a long time
• Cases:
(226) Remo v. Sec. of Foreign Affairs, G.R. No. 169202, March 5, 2010 YATCO 4E
5. Marriage Annulled
a. Wife guilty
b. Wife Innocent
6. Legal Separation
7. Death of Husband
8. Persons with Same Names
a. Usurpation of another’s name
• Cases:
(227) Dapar v. Biscan, G.R. No. 141880, September 27, 2004 ZARRAGA 4E

XX. Absence
A. Provisional Absence
B. Declaration of Absence
C. Presumption of Death
• Cases:
(228) Tadeo-Matias v. Republic, G.R. No. 230751, April 25, 2018 ZARRAGA 4E
D. Reappearance of Absentee
1. Effect on the subsequent marriage of spouse present
2. Effect on the properties

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