Practical no.

___ Date-29/08/2019

Q. Fit a curve of the form y = a+bx+cx² to the following data using least square form

xi 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0

yi 4+R/20 6.5+R/20 9.3+R/20 12.6+R/20 16.3+R/20 20.5+R/20 25.1+R/20

 SOLUTION:
Let us consider a transformation as follows
Xi =(xi-4) & Yi =yi , where i= 1,2,....,7
Then the transformed table be as below ---

Xi -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0 1.0 2.0 3.0

Yi 4+R/20 6.5+R/20 9.3+R/20 12.6+R/20 16.3+R/20 20.5+R/20 25.1+R/20

Since the last digit of my roll number is 1

Therefore, R=1
So, the given table is as follows---

Xi -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0 1.0 2.0 3.0

Yi 4.05 6.55 9.35 12.65 16.35 20.55 25.15

Let, the required curve is of the form y = a+bx+cx² ______(i)

Putting x= xi & y= yi in (i) we get ----

yi = a+bxi+cxi², where i= 1,2,....,7

=> Yi = a+b(Xi+4)+c(Xi+4)² , where i= 1,2,....,7
=>Yi= (a+4b+16c) +(b+8c)Xi + cXi² , where i= 1,2,....,7
=>Yi= A+BXi+CXi², where A= (a+4b+16c), B= (b+8c), C=c____(ii)
The values of A, B, C are given by the system of equations given below
∑7𝑖=1 𝑌𝑖 = 7𝐴 + 𝐵 ∑7𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 + 𝐶 ∑7𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖2

∑7𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 𝑌𝑖 = 𝐴 ∑7𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 + 𝐵 ∑7𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖2 + 𝐶 ∑7𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖3 ________(iii)

∑7𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖2 𝑌𝑖 = 𝐴 ∑7𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖2 + 𝐵 ∑7𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖3 + 𝐶 ∑7𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖4

 Goodness of Fit: -
∑7𝑖=1 𝑅𝑌
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The Goodness of Fit is given by the number 𝑅𝑌2 = (1 − 𝑖
), if the number 𝑅𝑌2 is very close to 1
𝑛. 𝑉𝑎𝑟 𝑌
then we can say that the curve is best fitted, where 𝑅𝑌𝑖 = 𝑌𝑖2 −
2
𝐴𝑌𝑖 − 𝐵𝑋𝑖 𝑌𝑖 − 𝐶𝑋𝑖2 𝑌𝑖 & Var Y=
𝑌2 𝑌
E(Y²) + {E(Y)}², where 𝐸(𝑌 2 ) = ∑7𝑖=1 7𝑖 & 𝐸(𝑌) = ∑7𝑖=1 7𝑖

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Practical no.___ Date-12/09/2019

Q. Fit a curve of the form y = axb for the following data by the method of least square form correct up
to 4D.

xi 2.5 3.5 5.0 6.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0

yi- R/10 7.0 5.5 3.9 3.6 3.1 2.8 2.6 2.4

 SOLUTION:
Since the last digit of my roll number is 1
Therefore, R=1
So, the given table is as follows---

xi 2.5 3.5 5.0 6.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0

yi 7.1 5.6 4.0 3.7 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.5

Now, the required form of the curve is y = axb______________(i)

Putting x= xi & y= yi in (i) we get ----
yi = axib _______________ (ii)
Taking log10 both sides of (ii) we get, log10yi = log10 a + b log10 xi , where i= 1,2,....,8
⇒ Yi = A + b Xi , where Yi= log10yi , Xi= log10 xi , A= log10 a
Then the transformed table be as below -----
Xi 0.397940008 0.544068044 0.698970004 0.77815125 0.875061263 1 1.096910013 1.176091259

Yi 0.851258348 0.748188027 0.602059999 0.56820172 0.505149978 0.462397997 0.431363764 0.397940008

The values of A, b are given by the system of equations given below

∑8𝑖=1 𝑌𝑖 = 8𝐴 + 𝑏 ∑8𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖

∑8𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 𝑌𝑖 = 𝐴 ∑8𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 + 𝑏 ∑8𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖2 ________ (iii)

 Goodness of Fit: -
𝑅𝑌
The Goodness of Fit is given by the number 𝑅𝑌′ = (1 − ), if the number Ry‘ is very close to 1
𝑛. 𝑉𝑎𝑟 𝑌
then we can say that the curve is best fitted, where 𝑅𝑌 = ∑8𝑖=1 𝑌𝑖2 − 𝐴 ∑8𝑖=1 𝑌𝑖 − 𝑏 ∑8𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 𝑌𝑖 &
𝑌2 𝑌
Var Y= E(Y²) + {E(Y)}², where 𝐸(𝑌 2 ) = ∑8𝑖=1 𝑖 & 𝐸(𝑌) = ∑8𝑖=1 𝑖
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Practical no.___ Date-05/09/2019

Q. Fit a curve of the form y =abx to the following data by the method of least square form correct up
to 5D

xi 3.1 4.1 5.1 6.1 7.1 8.1 9.1

yi - R/20 2.3 3.8 7.3 11.2 13.9 17.8 22.6

 SOLUTION:
Since the last digit of my roll number is 1
Therefore, R=1
So, the given table is as follows---

xi 3.1 4.1 5.1 6.1 7.1 8.1 9.1

yi 2.35 3.85 7.35 11.25 13.95 17.85 22.65

Now, the required form of the curve is y =abx ______________(i)

Taking log10 both sides of (i) we get, log10 y = log10 a + x log10b _______________ (ii)

Putting x= xi & y= yi in (ii) we get ----

log10yi = log10 a + xi log10b , where i= 1,2,....,7

⇒log10yi = log10 a + (xi -6. 1)log10b + 6.1log10b, where i= 1,2,....,7
⇒Yi = A + B Xi , where Yi = log10yi , Xi = (xi – 6.1), A= log10 a +6.1log10b, B= log10b
Then the transformed table be as below ---
Xi -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Yi 0.371067862 0.585460729 0.866287339 1.051152522 1.144574208 1.25163822 1.355068206

The values of A, B are given by the system of equations given below

∑7𝑖=1 𝑌𝑖 = 7𝐴 + 𝐵 ∑7𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖
∑7𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 𝑌𝑖 = 𝐴 ∑7𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 + 𝐵 ∑7𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖2 ________ (iii)

 Goodness of Fit: -
𝑅𝑌
The Goodness of Fit is given by the number 𝑅𝑌′ = (1 − ), if the number Ry‘ is very close to 1
𝑛. 𝑉𝑎𝑟 𝑌
then we can say that the curve is best fitted, where 𝑅𝑌 = ∑7𝑖=1 𝑌𝑖2 − 𝐴 ∑7𝑖=1 𝑌𝑖 − 𝐵 ∑7𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 𝑌𝑖 &
𝑌2 𝑌
Var Y= E(Y²) + {E(Y)}², where 𝐸(𝑌 2 ) = ∑7𝑖=1 7𝑖 & 𝐸(𝑌) = ∑7𝑖=1 7𝑖

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Practical no.___ Date- 19/09/2019

Q. Fit a straight line of the form y =a+bx to the following data using the least square method correct
up to 4D

xi 1.2 2.3 3.1 4.9 5.8 6.8 8.0

yi - R/5 8.7 12.0 14.1 19.5 22.5 25.6 29.9

 SOLUTION:
Since the last digit of my roll number is 1
Therefore, R=1
So, the given table is as follows---

xi 1.2 2.3 3.1 4.9 5.8 6.8 8.0

yi 8.9 12.2 14.3 19.7 22.7 25.8 30.1

Now, the required form of the curve is y =a+bx ______________(i)

Putting x= xi & y= yi in (i) we get ----
yi =a+bxi, where i= 1,2,....,7
The values of a, b are given by the system of equations given below
∑7𝑖=1 𝑌𝑖 = 7𝑎 + 𝑏 ∑7𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖
∑7𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 𝑌𝑖 = 𝑎 ∑7𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 + 𝑏 ∑7𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖2 ________ (ii)

 Goodness of Fit: -
𝑅𝑌
The Goodness of Fit is given by the number 𝑅𝑌′ = (1 − ) , if the number Ry‘ is very close to 1
𝑛. 𝑉𝑎𝑟 𝑌
then we can say that the curve is best fitted, where 𝑅𝑌 = ∑7𝑖=1 𝑌𝑖2 − 𝑎 ∑7𝑖=1 𝑌𝑖 − 𝑏 ∑7𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 𝑌𝑖 &
𝑌𝑖2 𝑌
Var Y= E(Y²) + {E(Y)}², where 𝐸(𝑌 2 ) = ∑7𝑖=1 & 𝐸(𝑌) = ∑7𝑖=1 7𝑖
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