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"Defense Prayer"
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Slide 1: Title
A pleasant morning to everyone. My name is Fernando B.
Enad, a Teacher II from San Agustin National High School of
Sagbayan District. Today, I will be defending my graduate thesis
entitle Management Information System of Public Secondary
Schools in Sagbayan District: A Proposed Implementation.
Slide 3: Rationale
Now, it is fair to wonder why I have chosen this particular
topic to deal with, and here is the answer. First of all, it is
undeniable that the advent of technology has brought a lot of
technological advancements resulting to automation of tasks
and processes. Part of these changes is the conceptualization of
Information Systems not only in the business sectors but also in
education. Despite the benefits a school could have taken
advantage of utilizing ICT technologies such as Management
Information System in the area of records gathering,
processing, storing and retrieval, most of the public schools are
still practicing the traditional manual records management of
handling school data and information. This has resulted to
redundancy and delay of tasks amongst teachers and
administrators, and further resulting to integrity and privacy
issues to sensitive school records, and finally has caused service
dissatisfaction amongst stakeholders.
When I was hired as a Teacher I in May of 2013, I saw how
tedious the process of enrollment is. Students have to crowd up
an enrolling officer. The thing is, they still won’t be assigned to
a section as per practice, as it’ll be posted on the classroom
doors during the opening day of classes. A student then has to
hop from one section to the other just to lookup for his/her
name.
Being an ICT teacher, I was designated as the ICT
Coordinator and the Administrative Officer of the school and
the responsibility that came along with it, is the generation of
consolidated school-level reports of monthly, quarterly and
yearly frequencies. Being a point person for the task, I found it
very tedious to meet all advisers one by one just to get the data
needed for consolidation. I too have subject loads and
oftentimes, I had to leave my class to accomplish the
designated task. Report generation is indeed tedious and
redundant. A distinctive failure in School Governance.
Though there are ready-made softwares already to cater
to these needs, most of them are not tailor-fitted to the
records management needs of the school especially, one the
addresses the demands of the Kto12 Curriculum. And so I was
urged to develop a management information system instead so
that I can help San Agustin National High School and all the
other public secondary schools in the district to address these
needs and challenges prompted to by the practice of a
traditional and manual records management system.
Slide 4: Theories
The question then is, how am I supposed to design a
system that will address these needs? As this is ICT-related and
this involves designing a system, which utilizes a software, I
then banked on the Input-Process-Output Model as a theory to
back up the design parameters.
Using the IPO model in innovation can help focus the
process by making it explicit for each activity: what inputs you
need to get started, what to do to most effectively process
those inputs, and what outputs needed to be created.
Inadvertently, the structure and discipline this creates will
make innovation projects more effective and more productive.
This study further banks on the Technology Acceptance
Model, an information systems theory that models how users
come to accept and use a technology. The model suggests that
when users are presented with a new technology, a number of
factors influence their decision about how and when they will
use it and this is what the proposed system is trying to
accomplish at.
Slide 9: Methodology
Research Design
The study employed a descriptive-developmental research
in order to come up with a successful Management Information
System. The descriptive-developmental method is a form of
research methodology used to describe data rather than
explaining it. According to Seels & Richey (1994), this type of
research methodology seeks to create knowledge grounded on
data systematically derived from practice. In addition, it is a
way to establish new procedures, techniques, and tools based
upon a methodical analysis of specific cases. As such,
developmental research can have a function of either creating
generalizable conclusions or statements of law, or producing
context-specific knowledge that serves a problem solving
function. These premises have prompted the researcher to
employ the descriptive-development methodology.
Research Instruments
The researcher uses the following data gathering instruments
in order to gather related information in the development of
the Management Information System in San Agustin National
High School.
1. Interview Guide and Observation In gathering important
information that was needed in the study, the modified
Interview Guide used by Lloren, et al. (2014) in their study
“The Automation Process of Student Records Management
of Inabanga High School, Nabuad, Inabanga, Bohol” was
utilized. The interview guide contained questions for the
respondents to answer which were about the current
system processes and problems encountered by the
respondents in creating, processing, keeping and
retrieving of student records.
2. Questionnaire. To test the acceptability of the system, a
questionnaire was distributed to the respondents. The
questionnaire has questions categorized as follows:
Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, System
Capability, and User Satisfaction. The questionnaire was
constructed based from the User Interface Satisfaction
Questionnaire (Chin et al., 1988) and the Usefulness,
Satisfaction, and Ease of Use Questionnaire (Lund, 2001).
Each question was answered using the Likert-Scale with 5-
Very Much Acceptable, 4-Much Acceptable, 3-Acceptable,
2-Less Acceptable, and 1-Not Acceptable.
A pilot-testing of the data-gathering instruments
were conducted prior to the conduct of the actual
interview sessions and survey.
Procedures
The researcher wrote a letter to the School Principals of
the five (5) participant-schools asking permission to conduct
interview sessions related to the current records management
practice and the problems they encountered. After the
permissions were granted, the researcher proceeded to the
conduct of the one-on-one interview sessions with the School
Principal, the School Registrar, and the faculty representative
from each of the participant-schools. The system development
process followed.
During the System Development phase of the
Management Information System, the researcher made use of
the “Waterfall Model”. The selected methodology incorporates
systematic development techniques to the project and the
correctness of the product is checked on each stage of the
product building. This ensures that only the correct product
that fulfills the users’ requirements is built during the whole
development process.
Waterfall model is a sequential model where the
development process goes through a number of phases in a
certain order from the requirements phase to the
implementation phase.
1. System Requirements. Requirements phase involves
gathering a considerable amount of information.
2. System Design. This phase focuses on the data
requirements, the software construction and the interface
of the system.
3. System Development. This phase involves converting
design specification into executable programs.
4. System Testing. This phase requires the school to
complete various tests to ensure the accuracy of the
programmed code, the inclusion of expected functionality,
and interoperability of application.
5. System Implementation. The implementation phase
involves installing the approved application into the
school. At this phase, the developer conducts training with
the end users. After which, the researcher deploys and
installs the system in the school.
Statistical Treatment
For the analysis and interpretation of the responses of the
School Principal, the School Registrar and the members of the
faculty in relation to the acceptability of the proposed system,
this study makes use of the weighted mean formula. Weighted
mean values are interpreted as follows:
∑𝑓𝑤
𝑋=
𝑁
Where:
X = Weighted mean
∑ = Summation
f = Frequency of respondents who responded on the
given scale
w = Weight of the category specified in the scale
N = Total number of respondents
This study makes use of the following frequencies to
determine the acceptability of the proposed system:
MST
𝐹 − 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 =
MSE
Where:
MST = Mean Square Treatment
MSE = Mean Square Error
Slide 11: Present Practice Workflow
From the interview sessions conducted, the present
practice workflow was identified. (read contents of slide)