EDITED 6pm The Level of Knowledge On Meteorological Information About Monsoon Among 3rd Year Maritime Students of TIP Manila

Technological Institute of the Philippines
Research Compendium, 2019
The Level of Knowledge on Meteorological Information about

Monsoon Among 3rd year Maritime Students of TIP Manila
Abstract – Navigating in a stormy seas is one of the toughest job of a seafarer, it requires
knowledge and skills of the navigating officer to safely bring one ship to one port to another in the
safest way possible. Cadets from campuses are the next generation navigating officers that are
expected to perform well in this kind of situations. This study seeks to analyze the level of
knowledge on Meteorological Information about Monsoon among 3rd year Maritime students of
TIP Manila. A monsoon is a seasonal change in the direction of the prevailing, or strongest, winds
of a region. Monsoons cause wet and dry seasons throughout much of the tropics. The result of
this study could asses the level of knowledge of 3 rd year students on Monsoon giving the
instructors or professors the idea of focusing topics in the less known part. This study uses
quantitative type of research to gather data. The respondents are all 3rd year students from
Technological Institute of the Philippines Manila. They are given questionnaires as the process of
data gathering. The results of this study provided support on the researcher’s hypothesis that
students need to learn more about Monsoons to bring their level of competence to the expected
level of becoming a navigational officers. This study have provided maritime schools to improve
their teaching style for their students to learn more and be able to reach closely the probable
expected knowledge of becoming an officer someday.
Keywords – meteorology, monsoon, maritime, season, navigating officer
1 INTRODUCTION
Severe weather conditions affect greatly the voyage planned by the navigating officer. It could
sometimes slow or make the voyage fast depending on the blow of wind and the direction of
current set by the wind. For the navigating officer, it is his responsible to take charge of the
impending hazards and navigational problems that may take account during the voyage.
Navigation officers are the second mate of ships or next in position after chief mate, but all of the
navigational team composed of Captain, 1st mate, 2nd mate and 3rd mate. One of the most types
of wind that affects the voyage of the ship is the monsoons. Monsoon is a seasonal change in the
direction of the prevailing, or strongest, winds of a region. Monsoons cause moist and dry
seasons at some stage in tons of the tropics. They are most regularly related with the Indian
Ocean. Monsoons continually blow from cold to warm regions. The summer time monsoon and
the winter monsoon determine the climate for most of India and Southeast Asian regions.
The summer monsoon is associated with heavy brings a humid climate and torrential rainfall to
these areas Indian Ocean blows toward countries like India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and
Myanmar India and Southeast Asia. It usually happens between April and September. . Many
areas in these countries do not have large irrigation systems surrounding lakes, rivers, or
snowmelt areas Furthermore, agriculture, relies on the yearly rain brought by the monsoon. The
summer monsoon fills wells and aquifers for the rest of the year. Rice and tea are some crops
that rely on the summer monsoon. Dairy farms, which help make India the largest milk producer
in the world, also depend on the monsoon rains to keep cows healthy and well-fed. A great deal
of electricity in the region is produced by hydroelectric power plants which are driven by water
collected during the monsoons. Electricity powers hospitals, schools, and businesses that help
the economies of these areas develop. When the summer monsoon is late or weak, the region’s
economy suffers. Fewer people can grow their own food and large agribusinesses do not have
produce to sell. Governments must import food. Electricity becomes more expensive, sometimes
limiting development to large businesses and wealthy individuals. Heavy summer monsoons can
cause great damage.
On the other hand, winter monsoons are less powerful than summer monsoons in Southeast
Asia, in part because the Himalaya Mountains prevent much of the wind and moisture of the
monsoons from reaching the coast. The Himalayas also prevent much of the cool air from
reaching places like Southern India and Sri Lanka, keeping them warm all year. Winter monsoons
are sometimes associated with droughts. Not all winter monsoons are dry. However, unlike the
Western part of Southeast Asia, the Eastern, Pacific coast of Southeast Asia experiences its rainy
season in the winter. The winter monsoon brings moist air from the South China Sea to areas like
Indonesia and Malaysia.
Maritime students need to learn all the principles of monsoon to able to apply them in their
voyage plan and to know the impending circumstances that may arise wherein they must know
the right decision to take. Safety is the top priority of every vessel sailing at sea and this natural
phenomenon’s such as monsoons are affecting the rate of safeness when voyaging. This
research ought to find out the level of knowledge of students who are nearly in line in navigating
ships someday. It is important for them to know what their level of competence is and for the
institution to know if their teaching method is very effective to their students.
2 RELATED LITERATURES
According to PAGASA, a "monsoon" is a weather pattern; a monsoon has a different name in

each country that it affects a large area of the planet. In the Philippines, the Summer Monsoon
(West or Southwest winds) is called the “Habagat” (ha-bag-at) and the Winter Monsoon (North or
Northeast winds) is called the ‘Amihan” (a-me-han). The word 'monsoon' is believed to originate
from the Arabic word mawsim (season), via the Portuguese and then Dutch monsoon.
The Philippines experiences the West or Southwest wind; Southwest monsoon, which in turn is
referred to as the “Habagat”. The “Habagat” season is characterized by hot and humid weather,
frequent heavy rainfall, and a prevailing wind from the west. The Climate of the Philippines is
tropical rainforest, tropical savanna or tropical monsoon, or humid subtropical (in higher-altitude
areas) characterized by relatively high temperature, oppressive humidity and plenty of rainfall.
The two weathers are “Habagat” or Southwest Monsoon and ‘Amihan” or Northeast Monsoon.
Summer Monsoon weather is characterized by a strong, generally west or southwest breeze that
is responsible for bringing significant rainfall to the Asian subcontinent and to South and East
Asia. The significant southwest monsoon rainfall is a by-product of air passing over large areas of
warm equatorial ocean, stimulating increased levels of evaporation from the ocean’s surface; the
southwest monsoon air, now laden with water vapor, cools as it moves north and as it rises over
land; at some point the air is no longer able retain its moisture and precipitates copious volumes
to irrigate rice fields and drench rainforests, sometimes causing severe flooding below hillsides
that have been foolishly stripped of forest cover by man. The Summer Monsoon (West or
Southwest) is the predominant weather pattern throughout most Asian tropical destinations from
late April through to early October each year.
Winter Monsoon weather features a generally less strong, East or Northeast breeze that is cooler
and drier (compared to the Summer Monsoon weather) with prolonged periods of successive
cloudless days. The Winter Monsoon (North or Northeast winds) features cool and dry air that
originates in a vast anticyclone - a weather system with a high barometric pressure - which forms
over Siberia, Mongolia and northern China during each Northern winter. The Winter Monsoon air
from the anticyclone pushes outward in a clockwise motion from its center and competes with the
Summer Monsoon over a period of a week or two, usually starting in late September and early
October, before finally dominating the weather with a cooler and drier Northeast monsoon in most
Asian tropical and sub-tropical destinations through to the following April.
There is no specific weather pattern equivalent to a monsoon season in southern latitudes

because there is no continent large enough to create the anticyclonic conditions similar to those
that drive the alternate Winter Monsoon, as in the North. It could be said that the Southern
hemisphere is perpetually in varying degrees of Summer Monsoon condition; Brazil and parts of
equatorial Africa occasionally experience some weather patterns that show some seasonal
differences.
According to PAGASA Monsoons are large-scale sea breezes which occur when the temperature
on land is significantly warmer or cooler than the temperature of the ocean. Most summer
monsoons have a dominant westerly component and a strong tendency to ascend and produce
copious amounts of rain (because of the condensation of water vapor in the rising air). The
intensity and duration, however, are not uniform from year to year. Winter monsoons, by contrast,
have a dominant easterly component and a strong tendency to diverge, subside and cause
drought.
The summer monsoon brings heavy rains to most of the archipelago from May to October.
Annual average rainfall ranges from as much as 5,000 millimeters (197 in) in the mountainous
East coast section of the country, to less than 1,000 millimeters (39 in) in some of the sheltered
valleys. Monsoon rains, although hard and drenching, are not normally associated with high
winds and waves.
At least 30 percent of the annual rainfall in the Northern Philippines can be traced to tropical
cyclones, while the Southern islands receiving less than 10 percent of their annual rainfall from
tropical cyclones. The wettest known tropical cyclone to impact the archipelago was the July 1911
cyclone, when the total precipitation for Baguio was distributed over the four days as: 14th –
879.8 mm (34.6 in), 15th – 733.6 mm (28.9 in), 16th – 424.9 mm (16.7 in), 17th – 200.4 mm (7.9
in) followed by extraordinary drought from October 1911 to May 1912, so that the annual amount
of those two years were hardly noticeable.
In addition, seven more predictor variables are considered which are linked or tele connected with
the monsoon and may prove themselves as potential predictors influencing the phenomenon.
These categories of variables include East Asia SST which is selected looking at its high
correlation with Indian monsoon. Das illustrates the physical event of monsoon and describes the
dynamics behind Indian monsoon, the flow of monsoon winds, and the geographical features
influencing the monsoon. The study aids to add new climatic predictors, namely, Madagascar
SLP, surface pressure of Tibetan low, and pressure gradient between Madagascar and Tibetan
regions, which adverts the monsoonal winds toward landmass responsible for rainfall. Equatorial
Pacific Ocean SLP is chosen as one of the influencing factors for Indian monsoon. El-Niño
occurring in Equatorial Pacific Ocean motivated us to study correlation of SLP of that region with
Indian rainfall and a good correlation is observed. Indonesia SST and North Central Pacific
Ocean SLP are other two predictors considered for the study. Thus, the initial set consists of
fifteen predictors which are considered for the proposed joint clustering based approach to
prediction of summer monsoon of the country.
Rainfall considered to be predicted is of aggregate and four homogeneous regions of India.

Rainfall data are obtained from India Meteorology Department, Pune for period 1948–
2014.(i)Aggregate India monsoon has long period average (LPA) of 877.3 mm with standard
deviation (std) of 10%.(ii)Central India monsoon has LPA of 976.4 mm with std of 14%.(iii)North
East India monsoon has LPA of 1324.6 mm with std of 11%.(iv)North West India monsoon has
LPA of 618.7 mm with std of 19%.(v)South Peninsular India monsoon has LPA of 730.5 mm with
std of 15%.
According to COCHING CHU 1964, it has always been taken for granted that southeast monsoon
in China, like the Southwest monsoon in India, is a rain bearing wind. Yet the Southeasterly wind
in eastern part of China is a dry wind in summer as well as in winter, and in the Yangtze Valley,
when it blows consistently, drought is imminent. These facts were known to ancient Chinese
philosophers, and one famous poet of Sung dynasty wrote to the effect that when the Southeast
wind blows, the rainy season is at an end. Recent observations confirm this statement. The
apparent paradox is explained by the fact that rainfall in China is mostly cyclonic in origin, and not
orographic, as in India; and that most of the precipitation occurs in the cold sector. It is necessary
to have a northerly or nor-easterly current to lift the southeast monsoon to sufficient height before
it will yield its quota of moisture. The paper is discussed under seven headings. (1) Southeast
monsoon in ancient Chinese literature. (2) The causes of monsoonal winds. (3) Monsoon in India.
(4) Difference between monsoons in India and those in China. (5) Factors which give rise to
precipitation in Eastern part of China. (6) The confirmation of the statement of Sung Poet. (7)
Why the Southeast monsoon bring about the drought.
According to JL Christian Perhaps 1972, area of comparable size presents such geographical,
racial, climatic, political, linguistic and economic complexities as are found in Southeast Asia. This
region may be delimited roughly as a parallelogram extending southeastward from the Burma-
Assam-Sikang frontier through Burma, Thailand, and Indochina and including part of Yunnan and
all of the Malay Peninsula with the adjacent islands. Those who prefer their geography in circles
may think of Southeast Asia as the mainland and peripheral islands embraced within a circle
having Bangkok as a focus with a radius of 1000 miles; i.e. from Singapore to Fort Hertz and from
Brunei to Chitta-gong.
According to Kao Yu-hsie and Chang Ming-lie 1978, the present paper consists of four parts. In
part I: The definitions of monsoon, the conceptions of monsoon circulation and the theories of
monsoon formation are discussed. Some ideas for further study of the monsoons are also
suggested. Part II: Discusses the important role of the monsoons on the general circulation of
atmosphere, on the formation of action centers as well as on the climate and weather. In part III:
Considerations are taken in the investigation of the monsoons, namely, annual variation of
atmosphere circulation, land sea distribution and special orographic features of the Far East. In
part IV: It is pointed out that some characteristics of the monsoon activities are affected by the
thermal and dynamical influences of Tibetan Plateau.)
The Indian monsoon, a seasonal event that brings key moisture to an agricultural region where
about 20 percent of the world's population resides, is getting more extreme, researchers report.
A new study released in the journal Nature Climate Change found that extreme wet and dry spells
within the monsoon period have increased since 1980. "In the most fundamental sense, we are
identifying climate change," said study co-author Noah Deffenbaugh, a Stanford University
researcher and fellow at the Woods Institute for the Environment.
The question is what is causing that climate change. It could be global warming; it could be some
other forcing factors," Deffenbaugh added. Deepti Singh, the lead author of the study and a
doctoral candidate in the Environmental Earth System Science program at Stanford, said
changes in the monsoon are important, because farmers are very dependent on rain-fed
agriculture for food production both nationally and for export.
"So any changes and any impact on the crops locally can influence local as well as global food
security," Singh said. Although it has been previously documented that overall monsoon rainfall
has lessened, few researchers have found changes in extremes. The frequency and intensity of
extreme events within the monsoon are important, as periods of intense rainfall can lead to
floods, while periods of extreme dryness can lead to crop failures, particularly at certain growth
states when crops are particularly vulnerable.
For the study's purposes, an extreme wet or dry period was defined as three or more consecutive
days of extremely high or low rainfall. Overall, they found that wet spells became more intense in
the 1981-2014 period and that dry spells became more frequent but less intense. What really
gave us some unique capabilities to try to ask those questions in a really objective way was
collaboration with Bala Rajaratnam and his group who are very expert in advanced statistical
techniques," Deffenbaugh said. As the climate changes, studies have pointed to the idea that dry
spells increase in frequency and wet spells increase in intensity, although there is not a
consensus about what will happen to the Indian monsoon, Singh said. However, knowing that the
monsoon climate has changed could help the Indian government create ways to aid farmers who
might be hurt by changes in the monsoon, said Singh, who plans to present this research in India
over the summer. "I think the most actionable way to think about these results is within the
context of climate risk management," Diffenbaugh added. The next step for the research group is
to try to identify causes behind the shift in monsoonal climate. Some likely factors may be an
increase in aerosols, land-use change or the increase in greenhouse gases. "What we will do
next is try to formally test each of these," Diffenbaugh said.
All winds blow as a result of pressure imbalances between two locations. In the case of
monsoons, this pressure imbalance is created when temperatures across vast landmasses such
as India and Asia, are significantly warmer or cooler than those over neighboring oceans. (Once
the temperature conditions on the land and oceans change, the resultant pressure changes which
also cause the winds to change.) These temperature imbalances happen because oceans and
land absorb heat in different ways: bodies of water are slower to heat up and cool down, while
land both heats and cools quickly. Summer Monsoonal Winds are Rain-Bearing during the
summer months, sunlight heats the surfaces of both lands and oceans, but land temperatures
rise more quickly due to a lower heat capacity. As the land's surface becomes warmer, the air
above it expands and an area of low pressure develops. Meanwhile, the ocean remains at a
lower temperature than the land and so the air above it retains a higher pressure. Since winds
flow from areas of low to high pressure (due to the pressure gradient force), this deficit in
pressure over the continent causes winds to blow in an ocean-to-land circulation (a sea breeze).
As winds blow from the ocean to the land, moist air is brought inland. This is why summer
monsoons cause so much rain.
Monsoon season does not end as abruptly as it begins. While it takes time for the land to heat up,
it also takes time for that land to cool in the fall. This makes monsoon season a time of rainfall
that diminishes rather than stops.
A Monsoon's "Dry" Phase Occurs in Winter In the colder months, winds reverse and blow in a
land-to-ocean circulation. As the land masses cool faster than the oceans, an excess in pressure
builds over the continents causing the air over land to have higher pressure than that over the
ocean. As a result, air over the land flows to the ocean. Even though monsoons have both rainy
and dry phases, the word is rarely used when referring to the dry season.
According to Rachelle Oblack 1974 it is beneficial, but potentially deadly billions of people around
the globe depend on monsoon rains for their yearly rainfall. In dry climates, monsoons are an
important replenishment for life as water is brought back into drought-stricken zones of the world.
But the monsoon cycle is a delicate balance. If rains start late, are too heavy, or not heavy
enough, they can spell disaster for people's livestock, crops, and lives.
If rains do not start when they are supposed to, it can lead to growing rainfall deficits, poor
ground, and an increased risk of drought which reduces crop yields and produces famine. On the
other hand, intense rainfall in these regions can cause massive flooding and mudslides,
destruction of crops, and kill hundreds of people in floods.
According to Huang Ronghui, Zhang Zhenzhou and Huang Gang 1976, the characteristics of the
water vapor transport by the summer monsoon in the East Asian monsoon region is analyzed by
using the daily data of water vapor and wind fields at various levels analyzed by ECMWF, and its
difference from that in the Indian monsoon region is compared in this paper. The analyzed results
show that there is an obvious difference between the characteristics of the water vapor transport
in the East Asian monsoon region and those in the South Asian monsoon region in summer. In
summer, the meridional water vapor transport is larger than the zonal water vapor transport in the
East Asian monsoon region, but the zonal water vapor transport is dominant in the Indian
monsoon region. Moreover, the analyzed results also show that due to the distribution of water
vapor in the East Asian monsoon region: large in the South and small in the north, the water
vapor advection by the Southerly monsoon flow is wet advection. Therefore, the convergence of
the water vapor transport is mainly due to the water vapor advection caused by the monsoon flow
in the East Asian monsoon region. However, in the Indian monsoon region, the water vapor
transport is dry advection, which assists the divergence of water vapor; thus, the convergence of
water vapor is mainly caused by the convergence of wind field.
According to Raghavan 1979 , K interruption of monsoon rainfall by prolonged spells of sparse

rainfall (break-monsoon) during the mid-monsoon months of July and August over the plains of
northern India (20°–29°N, 75°–85°E) has been investigated. When a tropical low-pressure system
moves from the plains in a Northerly direction toward the submontane region of the Himalaya, the
monsoon trough of low pressure also moves from the plains to that region. This deprives the
plains of Northern India of significant ascending motion and normal rainfall and brings about the
break-monsoon. During the break-monsoon period, descending motion takes place from the
stratosphere to the lower troposphere over the plains, while ascending motion occurs in the
regions to the North and South of the plains. As the descending motion persists over the plains,
the break-monsoon intensifies and the weather turns mainly dry. A vertical circulation model for
the break-monsoon period is proposed. The break-monsoon ceases and normal monsoon
conditions are re-established when the monsoon trough returns to the plains and intensifies. This
occurs in association with tropical low-pressure systems developing at or near the Bay of Bengal
and moving toward the plains. The genesis and persistence of the break-monsoon, therefore,
depends mainly on the interaction between the monsoon trough and tropical low-pressure
systems of the Indian region.
3 METHODS
This study used the descriptive method to determine how monsoon happen, what can cause
monsoon and how to know if there is a monsoon and how it affects Maritime students and
humanity. Descriptive method involves techniques in information and summarizing them in
organize and simple manner. This study used the probability sampling method. Probability
sampling method is the most convenient and effective way to gather the data. Probability
sampling method is used because the respondents are purposely associated.
The location of the study is inside of Technological Institute of the Philippines. The researchers
made a research instrument in performing the study. It is through the distribution of
questionnaires. The survey identified the causes of monsoon, how it happens, how to know if
there is a monsoon, and how it affects maritime and humanity. Upon approval, the researchers
asked permission from the school. After the request was granted, the researchers coordinated
with the maritime students to float the questionnaires.
4 RESULTS and ANALYSIS
Table 1.1 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents as to their age.
Among 50 respondents, 9 or 18% are 19 to 20 years old, 16 or 32% are 21 to 22 years old, 15 or
30% are 23 to 24 years old, 7 or 14 % are 25 to 26 years old, 3 or 6% are 27 to 29 years old.
Table 1.1 Distribution of respondents according to age

Age of
Frequency Percentage Rank,
respondent
19 to 20 yrs. old 9 18% 3
21 to 22 yrs. old 16 32% 1
23 to 24 yrs. Old 15 30% 2
25 to 26 yrs. Old 7 14% 4
27 to 29 yrs. Old 3 6% 5
Total 50 100%
Table 1.2 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents as to their
Gender. Among 50 respondents, 50 frequency or 100% is male and 0 frequency or 0% is female.
Table 1.2
Criteria Frequency Percentage Ranking
Male 50 100% 1
Female 0 0% 2
Total 50 100%
Table 1.3 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents as to the criteria
of blowing from cold to warm regions. Among 50 respondents, criteria 4 has 39 frequency or 78%
and is ranked 1, criteria 3 has 11 frequency or 22% and is ranked 2, criteria 1 and 2 have 0
frequency or 0 percentage.
Table 1.3
4 39 78% 1
3 11 22% 2
2 0 0
1 0 0
Total 50 100%
of seasonal change in wind patterns. Among 50 respondents, Criteria 4 has 33 frequency or 66%
and is ranked 1, criteria 3 has 17 frequency or 34% and is ranked 2, criteria 1 and 2 have 0
frequency or 0 percentage.
Table 1.4
4 33 66% 1
3 17 34% 2
2 0 0
1 0 0
Total 50 100
about season. Among 50 respondents, criteria 4 has 33 frequency or 66% and is ranked 1,
criteria 3 has 17 frequency or 34% and is ranked 2, criteria 1 and 2 have 0 frequency or 0
percentage.
Table 1.5

4 33 66% 1
3 17 34% 2
2 0 0
1 0 0
Total 50 100
of flashfloods. Among 50 respondents, criteria 4 has 29 frequency or 58% and is ranked 1,
percentage.
Table 1.6
4 29 58% 1
3 21 42% 2
2 0 0
1 0 0
Total 50 100%
criteria. Among 50 respondents, criteria 4 has 31 frequency or 62% and is ranked 1, criteria 3 has
19 frequency or 38% and is ranked 2, criteria 1and 2 have 0 frequency or 0 percentage.
Table 1.7
4 31 62% 1
3 19 38% 2
2 0 0
1 0 0
Total 50 100%
on Social Vulnerability. Among 50 respondents, criteria 4 has 36 frequency or 72% and is ranked
1, criteria 3 has 14 frequency or 28% and is ranked 2, criteria 1 and 2 have 0 frequency or 0
percentage.
Table 1.8
4 36 72% 1
3 14 28% 2
2 0 0
1 0 0
Total 50 100%
of tropical storm. Among 50 respondents, criteria 4 has 39 frequency or 78% and is ranked 1,
percentage.
Table 1.9
4 39 78% 1
3 11 22% 2
2 0 0
1 0 0
Total 50 100%
Table 2 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents as to the criteria of
Climate Change. Among 50 respondents, criteria 4 has 34 frequency or 68% and is ranked 1,
percentage.
Table 2
4 34 68% 1
3 16 22% 2
2 0 0
1 0 0
Total 50 100%
of water for crops. Among 50 respondents, criteria 4 has 33 frequency or 66% and is ranked 1,
percentage.
Table 2.1
4 33 66% 1
3 17 34% 2
2 0 0
1 0 0
Total 50 100%
criteria. Among 50 respondents, criteria 4 has 29 frequency or 58% and is ranked 1, criteria 3 has
21 frequency or 42% and is ranked 2, criteria 1 and 2 have 0 frequency or 0 percentage.
Table 2.2
4 29 58% 1
3 21 42% 2
2 0 0
1 0 0
Total 50 100%
of extra water. Among 50 respondents, criteria 4 has 39 frequency or 78% and is ranked 1,
criteria 3 has 11 frequency or 22% which is ranked 2, criteria 1 and 2 have 0 frequency or 0
percentage.
Table 2.3
4 39 78% 1
3 11 22% 2
2 0 0
1 0 0
Total 50 100%
of disadvantages. Among 50 respondents, criteria 4 has 37 frequency or 74% and is ranked 1,
criteria 3 has 13 frequency or 26% which is ranked 2, criteria 1 and 2 have 0 frequency or 0
percentage.
Table 2.4
4 37 74% 1
3 13 26% 2
2 0 0
1 0 0
Total 50 100%
5 CONCLUSIONS
Based on result gathered among 50 Maritime students in Technological Institute of the

Philippines, the following conclusions were drawn:
About the effects and causes of monsoon, it reveals that monsoon is a seasonal change in day
which causes wet and dry seasons throughout much the tropics. It determines the possible
effects on marine students due to the monsoon’s change. This determines the possible things to
do to become aware if there is a monsoon and what are the tools to use if monsoon is coming.
According to the interview we had done with the marine students, 27-29 years old are the least
number of respondents in terms of age and majority are 19-20 years old. The overall assessment
says that there is an impact to the marine students if they know about monsoon because they
want to become aware on the effects and causes of it.
Based on the findings and conclusion, the researchers hereby present the following
recommendations: The students to become aware of the monsoon, use this study on board and
be prepare of what are you going to do. Similar researches maybe conducted so as to determine
other feasible factors to determine the causes and effects of monsoon and how it affects maritime
students and humanity.

EDITED 6pm The Level of Knowledge On Meteorological Information About Monsoon Among 3rd Year Maritime Students of TIP Manila

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EDITED 6pm The Level of Knowledge On Meteorological Information About Monsoon Among 3rd Year Maritime Students of TIP Manila

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Technological Institute of the Philippines

Research Compendium, 2019

The Level of Knowledge on Meteorological Information about

Keywords – meteorology, monsoon, maritime, season, navigating officer

According to PAGASA, a "monsoon" is a weather pattern; a monsoon has a different name in

There is no specific weather pattern equivalent to a monsoon season in southern latitudes

Rainfall considered to be predicted is of aggregate and four homogeneous regions of India.

According to Raghavan 1979 , K interruption of monsoon rainfall by prolonged spells of sparse

4 RESULTS and ANALYSIS

Table 1.1 Distribution of respondents according to age

Criteria Frequency Percentage Ranking

Based on result gathered among 50 Maritime students in Technological Institute of the

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