ASP.

NET

ASP.NET, the next version of ASP, is a programming framework used to create

enterprise-class Web Applications. These applications are accessible on a global basis
leading to effecient information managment. The advantages ASP.NET offers is more
than just the next version of ASP.

Why ASP.NET?

Since 1995, Microsoft has been constantly working to shift it's focus from Windows-
based platforms to the Internet. As a result, Microsoft introduced ASP (Active Server
Pages) in November 1996. ASP offered the efficiency of ISAPI applications along with a
new level of simplicity that made it easy to understand and use. However, ASP script was
an interpreted script and consisted unstructured code and was difficult to debug and
maintain. As the web consists of many different technologies, software integration for
Web development was complicated and required to understand many different
technologies. Also, as applications grew bigger in size and became more complex, the
number of lines of source code in ASP applications increased dramatically and was hard
to maintain. Therefore, an architecture was needed that would allow development of Web
applications in a structured and consistent way.

The .NET Framework was introduced with a vision to create globally distributed
software with Internet functionality and interoperability. The .NET Framework consists
of many class libraries, includes multiple language support and a common execution
platform. It's a very flexible foundation on which many different types of top class
applications can be developed that do different things. Developing Internet applications
with the .NET Framework is very easy. ASP.NET is built into this framework, we can
create ASP.NET applications using any of the built-in languages.

Unlike ASP, ASP.NET uses the Common Language Runtime (CLR) provided by the
.NET Framework. This CLR manages execution of the code we write. ASP.NET code is
a compiled CLR code instead of interpreted code (ASP). CLR also allows objects written
in different languages to interact with each other. The CLR makes developement of Web
applications simple.

Advantages Using ASP.NET

• ASP.NET drastically reduces the amount of code required to build large

applications
• ASP.NET makes development simpler and easier to maintain with an event-
driven, server-side programming model
• ASP.NET pages are easy to write and maintain because the source code and
HTML are together
• The source code is executed on the server. The pages have lots of power and
flexibility by this approach
 • The source code is compiled the first time the page is requested. Execution is fast
as the Web Server compiles the page the first time it is requested. The server
saves the compiled version of the page for use next time the page is requested
• The HTML produced by the ASP.NET page is sent back to the browser. The
application source code you write is not sent and is not easily stolen
• ASP.NET makes for easy deployment. There is no need to register components
because the configuration information is built-in
• The Web server continuously monitors the pages, components and applications
running on it. If it noticies memory leaks, infinite loops, other illegal software or
activities, it seamlessly kills those activities and restarts itself
• ASP.NET validates information (validation controls) entered by the user without
writing a single line of code
• ASP.NET easily works with ADO .NET using data-binding and page formatting
features
• ASP.NET applications run fater and counters large volumes of users without
performance problems

Differences between ASP.NET and Client-Side Technologies

Client-side refers to the browser and the machine running the browser. Server-side on the
other hand refers to a Web server.

Client-Side Scripting

Javascript and VBScript and generally used for Client-side scripting. Client-side scripting
executes in the browser after the page is loaded. Using client-side scripting you can add
some cool features to your page. Both, HTML and the script are together in the same file
and the script is download as part of the page which anyone can view. A client-side script
runs only on a browser that supports scripting and specifically the scripting language that
is used. Since the script is in the same file as the HTML and as it executes on the machine
you use, the page may take longer time to download.

Server-Side Scripting

ASP.NET is purely server-side technology. ASP.NET code executes on the server before
it is sent to the browser. The code that is sent back to the browser is pure HTML and not
ASP.NET code. Like client-side scripting, ASP.NET code is similar in a way that
it allows you to write your code alongside HTML. Unlike client-side scripting, ASP.NET
code is executed on the server and not in the browser. The script that you write alongside
your HTML is not sent back to the browser and that prevents others from stealing the
code you developed.

ASP.NET Features
ASP.NET is not just a simple upgrade or the latest version of ASP. ASP.NET combines
unprecedented developer productivity with performance, reliability, and deployment.
ASP.NET redesigns the whole process. It's still easy to grasp for new comers but it
provides many new ways of managing projects. Below are the features of ASP.NET.

Easy Programming Model

ASP.NET makes building real world Web applications dramatically easier. ASP.NET
server controls enable an
HTML-like style of declarative programming that let you build great pages with far less
code than with classic ASP. Displaying data, validating user input, and uploading files
are all amazingly easy. Best of all, ASP.NET pages work in all browsers including
Netscape, Opera, AOL, and Internet Explorer.

Flexible Language Options

ASP.NET lets you leverage your current programming language skills. Unlike classic
ASP, which supports only interpreted VBScript and JScript, ASP.NET now supports
more than 25 .NET languages (built-in support for VB.NET, C#, and JScript.NET),
giving you unprecedented flexibility in your choice of language.

Great Tool Support

You can harness the full power of ASP.NET using any text editor, even Notepad. But
Visual Studio .NET adds the productivity of Visual Basic-style development to the
Web. Now you can visually design ASP.NET Web Forms using familiar drag-drop-
doubleclick techniques, and enjoy full-fledged code support including statement
completion and color-coding. VS.NET also provides integrated support for debugging
and deploying ASP.NET Web applications. The Enterprise versions of Visual Studio
.NET deliver life-cycle features to help organizations plan, analyze, design, build, test,
and coordinate teams that develop ASP.NET Web applications. These include UML
class modeling, database modeling (conceptual, logical, and physical models), testing
tools (functional, performance and scalability), and enterprise frameworks and templates,
all available within the integrated Visual Studio .NET environment.

Rich Class Framework

Application features that used to be hard to implement, or required a 3rd-party

component, can now be added in just a few lines of code using the .NET Framework.
The .NET Framework offers over 4500 classes that encapsulate rich functionality like
XML, data access, file upload, regular expressions, image generation, performance
monitoring and logging, transactions, message queuing, SMTP mail, and much more.
With Improved Performance and Scalability ASP.NET lets you use serve more users with
the same hardware.

Compiled execution
ASP.NET is much faster than classic ASP, while preserving the "just hit save" update
model of ASP. However, no explicit compile step is required. ASP.NET will
automatically detect any changes, dynamically compile the files if needed, and store the
compiled results to reuse for subsequent requests. Dynamic compilation ensures that your
application is always up to date, and compiled execution makes it fast. Most applications
migrated from classic
ASP see a 3x to 5x increase in pages served.

Rich output caching

ASP.NET output caching can dramatically improve the performance and scalability of
your application. When output caching is enabled on a page, ASP.NET executes the page
just once, and saves the result in memory in addition to sending it to the user. When
another user requests the same page, ASP.NET serves the cached result from memory
without re-executing the page. Output caching is configurable, and can be used to cache
individual regions or an entire page. Output caching can dramatically improve the
performance of data-driven pages by eliminating the need to query the database on every
request.

Web-Farm Session State

ASP.NET session state lets you share session data user-specific state values across all
machines in your Web farm. Now a user can hit different servers in the Web farm over
multiple requests and still have full access to her session. And since business
components created with the .NET Framework are free-threaded, you no longer need to
worry about thread affinity.

Enhanced Reliability

ASP.NET ensures that your application is always available to your users.

Memory Leak, DeadLock and Crash Protection

ASP.NET automatically detects and recovers from errors like deadlocks and memory
leaks to ensure your application is always available to your users. For example, say that
your application has a small memory leak, and that after a week the leak has tied up a
significant percentage of your server's virtual memory. ASP.NET will detect this
condition, automatically start up another copy of the ASP.NET worker process, and
direct all new requests to the new process. Once the old process has finished processing
its pending requests, it is gracefully disposed and the leaked memory is
released. Automatically, without administrator intervention or any interruption of service,
ASP.NET has recovered from the error.

Easy Deployment
ASP.NET takes the pain out of deploying server applications. "No touch" application
deployment. ASP.NET dramatically simplifies installation of your application. With
ASP.NET, you can deploy an entire application as easily as an HTML page, just copy it
to the server. No need to run regsvr32 to register any components, and configuration
settings are stored in an XML file within the application.

Dynamic update of running application

ASP.NET now lets you update compiled components without restarting the web
server. In the past with classic COM components, the developer would have to restart the
web server each time he deployed an update. With ASP.NET, you simply copy the
component over the existing DLL, ASP.NET will automatically detect the change and
start using the new code.

Easy Migration Path

You don't have to migrate your existing applications to start using ASP.NET. ASP.NET
runs on IIS side-by-side with classic ASP on Windows 2000 and Windows XP platforms.
Your existing ASP applications continue to be processed by ASP.DLL, while new
ASP.NET pages are processed by the new ASP.NET engine. You can migrate application
by application, or single pages. And ASP.NET even lets you continue to use your
existing classic COM business components.

XML Web Services

XML Web services allow applications to communicate and share data over the Internet,
regardless of operating system or programming language. ASP.NET makes exposing and
calling XML Web Services simple. Any class can be converted into an XML Web
Service with just a few lines of code, and can be called by any SOAP client. Likewise,
ASP.NET makes it incredibly easy to call XML Web Services from your application. No
knowledge of networking, XML, or SOAP is required.

Mobile Web Device Support

ASP.NET Mobile Controls let you easily target cell phones, PDAs and over 80 mobile
Web devices. You write your application just once, and the mobile controls automatically
generate WAP/WML, HTML, or iMode as required by the requesting device.

ASP.NET Development Environment

Most of the programming languages with which we work require a development

environment to code, test and run the programs. You may purchase a copy of that
software at your local computer store and work with it. With ASP.NET things
are different. ASP.NET is a development technology that is built into the .NET
Framework. You can create ASP.NET applications with a simple editor like a notepad. If
you prefer to work in a development environment then you have many to choose from.
Visual Studio .NET (should purchase) is one development environment from
Microsoft. Another development environment from Microsoft which is prefered by many
developers is Microsoft Web Matrix. The best thing about ASP.NET Web Matrix is
it's free (available as a 1.4 MB free download) and provides most of the features Visual
Studio .NET provides.

Setting Up the Development Environment

As you already know, ASP.NET is based on the CLR, class libraries and other tools
which are integrated into the .NET Framework. To develop and run a ASP.NET
application you need to have the .NET Framework installed on your machine. .NET
Framework comes pre installed with Operating Systems like Windows 2003 Server and
Windows XP. For other operating systems (Windows 2000, 98, Me, NT 4.0) you need to
instal the .NET Framework manually. You can install .NET Framework manually in two
ways: .NET Framework SDK or VS .NET.

Installing the .NET Framework with SDK is simple. Download .NET Framework from
Microsoft.com and
double-click setup file and follow the instructions. Installing .NET Framework with
Visual Studio .NET is simple too. When you install Visual Studio .NET (set of five cd's)
you will be prompted to insert the disk that contains the .NET Framework.

IIS

To develop a Web Application you need IIS (Internet Information Server) on your
machine. IIS comes pre installed in Operating Systems like Windows 2000, XP and 2003.
You need to configure IIS to run ASP.NET Web applications. You should configure IIS
prior to the installation of Visual Studio .NET software on your machine to avoid errors.
In most cases configuring IIS after the installation of VS .NET will result in many errors
and unexpected behaviour by the application.

By default, IIS creates a folder on the server's hard drive with the name Inetpub. The
Inetpub folder contains a subfolder called wwwroot. The wwwroot folder is the root for
the Web site. All the ASP.NET applications you develop using VS .NET are saved in this
wwwroot folder.

Web Hosting

You also can test and run your applications on a server owned by hosting providers. The
host will give you details you need to know to upload files onto his server, test those
files, etc. Web Hosting providers charge some amount for providing service. There are
some hosting providers who provide some space for a certain period of time on their
servers for ASP.NET developers to test their applications free of charge. You can find
about them on the resources page of this site.
Visual Studio .NET

Visual Studio .NET consists of five cd's. Please follow the guide lines on installing the
software.

ASP.NET Web Matrix

To use Web Matrix you need to download Web Matrix software which is a small 1.4 MB
file and run the installation. To use Web Matrix you should have the .NET Framework
installed on your machine. Developers who decide to code their applications using
ASP .NET Web matrix need not worry about IIS. Web Matrix server comes with it's own
built-in server that helps you to test and run your applications.

Database

To develop ASP.NET database applications you need to install SQL Server 2000 or
higher or Oracle depending on the database you wish to use. Use of SQL Server with
ASP.NET is recommended as it's said that SQL Connections are 70% faster than OLEDB
Connections. Also, performance improves dramatically when you use SQL Server with
ASP.NET.

Web Forms

Web Forms are based on ASP.NET. Working with Web Forms is similar to working with
Windows Forms. But the difference is that we will create Web pages with Web forms
that will be accessible by a Web browser. Web Forms are Web pages that serve as the
user interface for a Web application. A Web Forms page presents information to the user
in any browser or client device and implements application logic using server-side code.
Web Forms are based on the System.Web.UI.Page class. The class hierarchy for the page
class is shown below.

Object
Control
TemplateControl
Page

Components of Web Forms

In Web Forms pages, the user interface programming is divided into two parts: the visual
component (design page) and the logic (code behind page).
The visual element is the Web Forms page. The page consists of a file with static HTML,
or ASP.NET server controls, or both simultaneously. The Web Forms page works as a
container for the static text and the controls we want to display. Using the Visual Studio
Web Forms Designer and ASP.NET server controls, we can design the form just like in
any Visual Studio application.

The logic for the Web Forms page consists of code that we create to interact with the
form. The programming logic is in a separate file from the user interface file. This file is
the "code-behind" file and has an ".aspx.vb" (VB) or ".aspx.cs" (C-Sharp) extension. The
logic we write in the code-behind file can be written in Visual Basic or Visual C#.

The code-behind class files for all Web Forms pages in a project are compiled into the
project dynamic-link library (.dll) file. The .aspx page file is also compiled, but
differently. The first time a user loads the aspx page, ASP.NET automatically generates a
.NET class file that represents the page, and compiles it to a second .dll file. The
generated class for the aspx page inherits from the code-behind class that was compiled
into the project .dll file. When the user requests the Web page URL, the .dll files run on
the server and dynamically produces the HTML output for your page.

When you open a new ASP.NET Web Application in Visual Studio .NET the form that is
loaded (WebForm1.aspx) looks like the image below.
The form opens in design mode and you can switch to HTML view by clicking on the
HTML tab. Startvbdotnet.aspx file in the image above is standard HTML with ASP
elements embedded in it. The file looks like the image below.
From the above image notice the Codebehind attribute (second line). The codebehind
attribute connects this code to the appropriate Visual Basic or C# code (code behind file).
Startvbdotnet.aspx.vb, the codebehind file for Startvbdotnet.aspx where you write your
logic looks like this:

Public Class Startvbdotnet Inherits System.Web.UI.Page

Protected WithEvents TextBox1 As
System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox
Protected WithEvents Button1 As System.Web.UI.WebControls.Button
Protected WithEvents Label1 As System.Web.UI.WebControls.Label

#Region " Web Form Designer Generated Code "

'This call is required by the Web Form Designer.

Private Sub InitializeComponent()

End Sub
Private Sub Page_Init(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As
System.EventArgs)_
Handles MyBase.Init
'CODEGEN: This method call is required by the Web Form Designer
'Do not modify it using the code editor.
InitializeComponent()
End Sub

#End Region

Private Sub Page_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As

System.EventArgs)_
Handles MyBase.Load
'Put user code to initialize the page here
End Sub

End Class

Notable Properties of Page Object

Below are some notable properties of Page objects:

Application: Gets an application object

ClientTarget: Gets/Sets if you want to override automatic browser capabilities detection
and handle page rendering for specific browsers
ErrorPage: Gets/Sets an error page's URL in case there are unhandled page exceptions
IsPostBack: Indicates if a page was created after a client postback or if it is being loaded
for the first time
IsValid: Indicates if the page validation was successful
Request: Gets the current http request object
Response: Gets the current http response object
Server: Gets the current server object
Session: Gets the current session object
Site: Gets Web Site data
User: Gets data about the user
Validators: Gets a collection of validation controls on the page

The ASPX Extension

Many of us wonder why the extension for ASP.NET is .aspx. Well, long time ago, when
ASP.NET was being developed at Microsoft it was referred to as ASP+ (ASP Plus). You
can't use a "+" symbol in a filename but if you turn the + symbol about 45 degrees, it
looks like a x. Microsoft chose .aspx as the extension of ASP+. After the name was
changed to ASP.NET, Microsoft did'nt change the extension and left it as aspx.