Element Name: Cobalt

Symbol: Co

Name of discoverer: Georg Brand

Discovered when: 1735

Characteristic: Cobalt is a bluish-white, lustrous, hard, brittle metal. ... The metal is active chemically,
forming many compounds. Cobalt stays magnetic to the highest temperature of all the magnetic
elements (it has a Curie point of 1121oC).

Uses: Cobalt is used in alloys for aircraft engine parts and in alloys with corrosion/wear resistant uses.
Cobalt is widely used in batteries and in electroplating. Cobalt salts are used to impart blue and green
colors in glass and ceramics. Radioactive 60Co is used in the treatment of cancer.

Element Name: Iron

Symbol: Fe

Name of discoverer:

Discovered when:

Characteristic: Iron is a ductile, gray, relatively soft metal and is a moderately good conductor of heat
and electricity. It is attracted by magnets and can be readily magnetized. The pure metal is chemically
very reactive and rusts readily in moist air, forming red-brown oxides

Uses of iron

It is used to manufacture steel and also used in civil engineering like reinforced concrete, girders etc.

Iron is used to make alloy steels like carbon steels with additives such as nickel, chromium, vanadium,
tungsten, and manganese.

Element Name: Nickle

Symbol: Ni

Name of discoverer: Axel Fredrik Cronstedt

Discovered when: 1751

Characteristic: Nickel is a hard, silvery-white metal, which is malleable and ductile. The metal can take
on a high polish and it resists tarnishing in air. Nickel is ferromagnetic and is a fair conductor of heat and
electricity.

Uses: Therefore, most nickel production is used for alloying elements, coatings, batteries, and some
other uses, such as kitchen wares, mobile phones, medical equipment, transport, buildings, power
generation and jewelry. The use of nickel is dominated by the production of ferronickel for stainless
steel (66%)

Element Name: Copper

Symbol: Cu

Name of discoverer:

Discovered when:

Characteristic: Copper is a reddish orange, soft metal that takes on a bright metallic luster. It is
malleable, ductile, and an excellent conductor of heat and electricity – only silver has a higher electrical
conductivity than copper.

Uses of Copper

As a result of its excellent electrical conductivity, copper's most common use is in electrical equipment
such as wiring and motors. Because it corrodes slowly, copper is used in roofing, guttering, and as
rainspouts on buildings. It is also used in plumbing and in cookware and cooking utensils

Element Name: Zinc

Symbol: Zn

Name of discoverer: Andreas Marggraf

Discovered when: 1746

Characteristic: Zinc is a bluish-silver, lustrous metal that tarnishes in moist air, producing a layer of
carbonate. It is somewhat brittle at room temperature but malleable above 100 oC.

Uses: Zinc is also used in alloys such as brass, nickel silver and aluminium solder. Zinc oxide is widely
used in the manufacture of very many products such as paints, rubber, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals,
plastics, inks, soaps, batteries, textiles and electrical equipment

Element Name: Galluim

Symbol: Ga

Name of discoverer: Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran

Discovered when: 1875

Characteristic: Gallium is a silvery, glass-like, soft metal. It sits close to the non-metals in the periodic
table and its metallic properties aren't as obviously metallic as most other metals. Solid gallium is brittle
and is a poorer electrical conductor than lead.
Uses of Gallium

Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is used in semiconductor production mainly for laser diodes, light-emitting diodes and
solar panels. It is also used to create brilliant mirrors.

Element Name: Germanuim

Symbol: Ge

Name of discoverer: Clemens Winkle

Discovered when: 1886

Characteristic: Germanium is a lustrous, hard, gray-white semi-metallic element with a crystalline and
brittle structure. It is a semiconductor. Germanium and the oxide are transparent to infrared radiation.
Germanium also has the unusual property that (like water) it expands as it freezes.

Uses: Germanium is in the semiconductor industry. When doped with small amounts of arsenic,
gallium, indium, antimony or phosphorus, germanium is used to make transistors for use in electronic
devices. Germanium is also used to create alloys and as a phosphor in fluorescent lamps.

Element Name: Arsenic

Symbol: As

Name of discoverer: Albertus Magnus

Discovered when: 1250

Characteristic: Arsenic appears in three allotropic forms: yellow, black and grey; the stable form is a
silver-gray, brittle crystalline solid. It tarnishes rapidly in air, and at high temperatures burns forming a
white cloud of arsenic trioxide.

Uses: Arsenic is used as a doping agent in semiconductors (gallium arsenide) for solid-state devices. It
is also used in bronzing, pyrotechnics and for hardening shot. Arsenic compounds can be used to make
special glass and preserve wood.

Element Name: Selenium

Symbol: Se

Name of discoverer: Jöns Jacob Berzelius, Johan Gottlieb Gahn

Discovered when: 1817

Characteristic: The crystalline (metallic) form of selenium has a melting point of217°C (423°F ) and a
boiling point of 685°C (1,260°F). Its density is 4.5 grams per cubic centimeter. Selenium from the Greek
word for moon, selene . Some of the most important physical characteristics of selenium are its
electrical properties.

Uses: Selenium is used to treat or prevent selenium deficiency. Selenium has been used in alternative
medicine as an aid to treat Hashimoto's thyroiditis (an autoimmune disorder of the thyroid), and to treat
high cholesterol. Not all uses for selenium have been approved by the FDA

Element Name: Bromine

Symbol: Br

Name of discoverer: Antoine Jérôme Balard, Carl Jacob Löwig

Discovered when: 1826

Characteristic: Bromine is the only nonmetallic element that is liquid at ordinary temperatures. It is a
dense, reddish-brown liquid which evaporates easily at room temperature to a red vapor with a strong,
chlorine-like odor. Bromine is less reactive than chlorine or fluorine but more reactive than iodine.

Uses: Bromine is used in many areas such as agricultural chemicals, dyestuffs, insecticides,
pharmaceuticals and chemical intermediates. Some uses are being phased out for environmental
reasons, but new uses continue to be found. Bromine compounds can be used as flame retardants