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316 Chapter 7 / Internal Flows

TABLE 7.2 Nominal Loss Coefficients K (Turbulent Flow)a

Type of fitting Screwed Flanged

Diameter 2.5 cm 5 in. 10 cm 5 cm 10 cm 20 cm

Globe valve (fully open) 8.2 6.9 5.7 8.5 6.0 5.8
(half open) 20 17 14 21 15 14
(one-quarter open) 57 48 40 60 42 41
Angle valve (fully open) 4.7 2.0 1.0 2.4 2.0 2.0
Swing check valve (fully open) 2.9 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
Gate valve (fully open) 0.24 0.16 0.11 0.35 0.16 0.07
Return bend 1.5 0.95 0.64 0.35 0.30 0.25
Tee (branch) 1.8 1.4 1.1 0.80 0.64 0.58
Tee (line) 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.19 0.14 0.10
Standard elbow 1.5 0.95 0.64 0.39 0.30 0.26
Long sweep elbow 0.72 0.41 0.23 0.30 0.19 0.15
45° elbow 0.32 0.30 0.29

Square-edged entrance 0.5

Reentrant entrance 0.8

Well-rounded entrance 0.03

Pipe exit 1.0

Area ratio
Sudden contractionb 2:1 0.25
5:1 0.41
10:1 0.46

Area ratio A/A0

Orifice plate 1.5:1 0.85
2:1 3.4
4:1 29
2
冢 冣
A
 6:1 2.78   0.6
A0
A1 2
Sudden enlargementc 冢1  A冣 2

90° miter bend (without vanes) 1.1

(with vanes) 0.2

General contraction (30° included angle) 0.02

θ (70° included angle) 0.07

a
Values for other geometries can be found in Technical Paper 410, The Crane Company, 1957.
b
Based on exit velocity V2.
c
Based on entrance velocity V1.

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