INTRODUCTION

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common serious infections of early
childhood. Babies can suffer from UTI’s just like adults do, and often the only clear symptom is
that your child runs a fever. Urinary tract infections are caused by bacteria that builds up in the
urethra. While oftentimes adults feel the discomfort of having to urinate frequently, babies may
only show signs of this infection through fever.

Urine infection is one of the most common bacterial infections and its occurrence in
childhood may carry special significance. Making the diagnosis is difficult particularly in young
children and infants. This is because in this age group the clinical presentation of urine infection
is often with non-specific clinical signs such as fever, irritability and vomiting that are also
commonly seen in many acute self-limiting childhood viral illnesses. Seeking laboratory
confirmation of the diagnosis requires the initial step of collecting an uncontaminated urine
sample and this is a challenge in infants and children who are not toilet-trained. Failure to
consider a diagnosis of urine infection or delaying the antibiotic treatment of a urine infection
can have the effect of producing an acute clinical deterioration and in addition it may result in
long-term renal damage.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect approximately 2.4% to 2.8% of children every year
in the United States and account for nearly 1.1 million office visits annually.1 Hospital costs for
pediatric patients with pyelonephritis (kidney infection) total greater than $180 million per year
in the U.S.1 Diagnosis of a UTI may be difficult because young children often present with
nonspecific symptoms such as fever, poor oral intake, vomiting, or irritability. Unlike adults,
children may develop renal scarring and hypertension secondary to an acute infection. Prompt
identification and treatment of a first or recurrent infection plays an important role in the
prevention of sequelae. Many patients can be treated with oral antibiotics; however, young
infants, the severely ill, or those not tolerating oral medications should be evaluated for IV
antibiotic treatment.

Patient E a 8 months old, residing at Purok 8, Brgy, Capalayan, Surigao City, Surigao del
Norte. she was admitted last April 24, 2019 at 8:443a.m with a chief complaint of seizure and
fever and was later diagnosed with BFS, UTI under the care of Dra. Sheryl M. Ochea M.D

I chose this case study to learn more and share to others what they need to learn. I aim to
spread an awareness about disease and hope I can share what are the importance about this
disease. And how to prevent the illness.