Alyssa Kate Maxwell

Holder 2​nd

19 November 2019

Math portion-
What are the mathematic concepts required to create a solution to the problem?
List the mathematical formulas you will need for testing your design.
Use Kinematics to determine:
1. Final velocity of the helmet before hitting the ground
Vf=Vi+at ​ ​ Vf=0+10(.86) ​ ​ 8.6 m/s
2. The time it took to hit the ground
00.86 seconds- recorded during the fall
Using Energy
1. The amount of energy at intervals leading up to the impact
➢ Kinetic Energy is equivalent to potential energy- KE=PE
➢ PE=mgh → PE=(.0447kg)(10)(3.36m) → 1.506=PE=KE
➢ Height- 3.36 meters measured
➢ Mass→ measured
2. Use the conservation of energy to determine velocity prior to impact
➢ KE=½ m(v*v) → 1.506= ½ .0447kg (v*v) → V= 8.208
Vector Analysis
1. Create a free body diagram and label the vectors when the helmet:
a. At rest on the ground

b. When in free fall

Science and Engineering Component-
1. What are the science concepts required to create a solution to this problem?
The concept of force, impact, velocity, and energy.
2. Sketch your design at each stage
See images below.
3. Generate at least three designs that you made and Materials
Our three designs are described in the reflection, and include materials. Photo of final
product also available below.

4. Explain how design features worked

For the final prototype, the excessive amount of cotton balls helped to increase the
impact time greatly and absorbed much of the force from the fall, resulting in no cracks.
5. Did egg survive? Crack? Concussion?
The egg in the first prototype did not survive at all, it cracked and has a concussion. The
second prototype survived with no cracks, yet a concussion.
6. Based on your tests, propose refinements to the design and construction of the
problem solution in the space below. Include pictures of improved design.
Reflection- Our first test run was essentially a rectangular container with cylindrical
shapes made of paper surrounding it. This was the initial trial that took place in the
classroom. Our egg did not crack, which is why our first prototype consisted of a plastic
cup, with an extra cushioned sock surrounding the inside, protecting the egg. Due to the
hard exterior, the egg ended up cracking. We believe it is because of the rapid impact
time, and lack of force dispersion. For our second prototype, we decided to create a soft
interior and soft exterior. We used a simple plastic bag, filled with cotton and foam, and
a piece of foam on top. This egg did survive the fall with no internal damages or cracks.
However, the sensor did detect a concussion. Over all, using our data alone, this
experiment confirmed the fact that there is no helmet capable of preventing a
concussion.
PROTOTYPE 1 SKETCH
1= cup
2= interior cushion
3= sock wrapped from interior to exterior.
Prototype 2
1b= hole at top for “breathing”
2b= interior cushioning
3b= plastic bag