M.T.M Aslam Sajah (BSc, PG. Dip in Edu.

ICT and Society

7.1 ICT for National Development

7.2 Issues in the use of ICT

7.1 ICT fro National Development

Njrpa mgptp
mgptpUj;jpf;fhf jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gk;
jw;nghOJ ICT ehl;bd; mgptpUj;jpf;F ,d;wpaikahj xd;whff; fhzg;gLtij
mtjhdpf;fyhk;.

ICT iag; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; ehl;L kf;fSf;F toq;fg;gLfpd;w Nritapd;juj;ij

mjpfupf;f Kbfpd;wJ. ICT ahdJ r%f nghUshjhu khw;wq;fis tpiuthfTk;>
gaDlDk;> jpwikAlDk;> tpidj;jpwDlDk; Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;Ytjw;F kpfr;rpwe;j
fUtpahFk;. jpl;lkply;> mstply;> gFg;gha;T nra;jy;> Muha;r;rp nra;jy;> xg;gply;>
xOq;FgLj;jy;> njhlHghly; Nghd;w ehl;bd; mgptpUj;jpw;F mj;jpatrpkhd
nra;wghLfis kpfj;jpUj;jkhfr; nra;tjw;F ICT gad;gLfpwJ. jdpkdpj Kaw;rpfs;
my;yJ $l;LKaw;rpfs; vJthapDk; mtw;wpd; ntw;wpf;F ICT mj;jpatrpakhFk;;.

cyfkakhjy; - Globalization: cyfkakhjy; vd;gJ KO cyfKk; xU fpuhkk; Nghy;

RUq;Ftijf; Fwpf;fpwJ. mjhtJ cyfkakhjypdhy; etPd njhopEl;gf;
fUtpfspDhlhf jfty;fis my;yJ nra;jpfis cyfpd; vg;gFjpy; ,Ue;Jk; FWfpa
Neuj;jpy; mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; gupkhw;wpf;nfhs;tjw;Fk; KbfpwJ.

,jid “jftypDhlhf KOcyfKk; ,izf;fg;gLfpwJ” vdyhk;.

e - Sri Lanka epfo;r;rp - e - Sri Lanka Program : e - Sri Lanka epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lkhdJ ehl;L
kf;fsJ tWikia ePf;fp tho;f;ifj;juj;ij Nkk;gLj;jp ehl;il mgptpUj;jp
nra;tjw;fhf ICT iag; gad;gLj;JkhW kf;fis miof;fpwJ.

,yq;if murhq;fkhdJ ICT ia gpd;tUk; Jiwfspy; gad;gLj;JfpwJ

 ,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhuj;ij mgptpUj;jp nra;jy.;

 tWikiaf; Fiwj;J kf;fspd; tho;f;ifj; juj;ij Nkk;gLj;jy;.
 jfty; fl;likg;G KiwikAk; tha;g;ghd rpwe;j #oiy mikj;jy;.
 jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;g kdpj tsj;ij mgptUj;jp nra;jy;.
 mur KiwikiaAk; gpuirfSf;fhd NritfisAk; etPd kag;gLj;jy;
 r%f Nkk;gLj;jy;/ mgptpUj;jpfs;.
 ehl;L kf;fSf;F tha;g;Gf;fisAk; mwpitAk; toq;Ftij epr;rag;gLj;jy;.

 ,j;jpl;lj;jpid muR rhHghf ICTA (Information and Communication Agence of Sri

Lanka - www.icta.lk) vDk; epWtdk; eilKiwg;gLj;jp tUfpwJ.
 fle;j 50 tUl fhyj;ij Nehf;Fk; NghJ ICT apd; gpd;tUk; Gjpa
ICT Unit 7

fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fspdhy; kf;fs; gadilfpd;wdH.

o Personal computers o CD/ DVD
o Mobile phones o Television
o The Internet o Automobile electronics
o Medical Scanners o ATM facilities
o Satellites o Credit cards

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 M.T.M Aslam Sajah (BSc, PG. Dip in Edu.)

e - Governance & e - Government

,yj;jpudpay; Ml;rpAk; ,yj;jpudpay; murhq;fKk;
fKk;
e - Governance & e - Government %yk; xU ehl;by; murhq;fj;ijAk; Ml;rpiaAk;
rpwe;jKiwapy; topg;gLj;j KbAkhjyhy;> jw;nghOJ ,jd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
czug;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jd; %yk; Coy;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jp rpwe;j xU Ml;rpia
Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F toptFf;fpwJ.

,yj;jpudpay; Ml;rpia je;jpNuhghakhf mKy;elj;Jk; NghJ tpizj;jpwd; khj;jpukd;wp

cj;juthjKk; murhl;rpapy; njspTk; fpilf;fg;ngWfpwJ. NkYk; jPHkhdnkLj;jy;>
murhq;fj;jpd; nrad;KiwfSf;F ehl;Lg;gpuirfis gq;Fnfhs;sr;nra;tjw;fhd
rf;jpia toq;Fk; xU rpwe;j fUtpahfTk; e - Governance gad;gLfpwJ.

e - Government MdJ ICT I Fwpg;ghf tiyg;gpd;dy; kw;Wk; ,izak; %yk; murhq;f

Nritfia kpfTk; trjpahd Kiwapy; kf;fs; ngwf;$bajhfTk; Fiwe;j nrytpy;
rpwe;j Nritfis toq;ff;$bajhfTk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

cjhzkhf gpd;tUk; murhq;f Nritfisf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

,izaj;jsk; %yk; murhq;fg;guPl;ir ngWNgWfis mwpe;Jnfhs;s Kbjy;.
(www.donets.lk)

tprh tpz;zg;gjhuHfs; ,izaj;jsk; %yk; jfty;fis mwpe;Jnfhs;sy;.

fld; ml;il itj;jpUg;NghH ,izaj;jsk; %yk; kpd;rhuf; fl;ldk;>
njhiyNgrpf;fl;lzk; Nghd;w fl;lzq;fis nrYj;jf;$bajhf ,Uj;jy;.

murhq;f Circular fisAk; rpy tpz;zg;gg;gbtq;fisAk; ,izaj;jsj;jpDlhf
ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$bajhf ,Uj;jy;. (www.gov.lk , www.nie.lk)

e -Government %yk; ngwf;$ba rpy mE$yq;fs;

jpdKk; 24 kzpNeuKk; ,izaj;jsj;jpDhlhf Nritfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Kbjy;.

murhq;fj; jfty;fisAk; NritfisAk; tpiuthfTk; rupahfTk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s
Kbjy;.

,yQ;rk; kw;Wk; Coy; vd;gdtw;iwj; jLj;jy;.

ICT ahdJ gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; Kf;fpa gq;Ftfpf;fpd;wJ.

Social - r%fk;

Cultural - fyhr;rhuk;

Economic - nghUshjhuk;

Administrative - epWthfk;

Health - Rfhjhuk;

Education - fy;tp

Agriculture - tptrhak;

Industries - ifj;njhopy;

And almost all other sectors in Sri Lanka - mNdfkhf Vida rfy JiwfspYk;

Rfhjhuj;
Rfhjhuj;jpy; jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gk; - ICT in Health
jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gk; kUj;Jtj;Jiwapy; ghupa tsHr;rp fz;Ls;sJ.
cz;ikapy; ICT ,d;wp ve;j kUj;Jtr; nrad;KiwfisAK; eilKiwg;gLj;JtJ
rhj;jpakpy;iy. ,tw;wpy; gpujhdkhf gpd;tUtdtw;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
ICT Unit 7

 kUj;Jt Muha;r;rpfSk; mjpypUe;J Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fSk;. Medical research and

innovation
 kUj;Jtg; gupNrhjidfSk; mwpf;iffSk;. Medical testing and reports
 rj;jpurpfpr;irAk; mjw;Fg;gad;gLj;jg;gLk; etPd fUtpfSk;
 NehahsHfs jfty;fiy juTj;jsj;jpy; Nrkpj;Jitf;ff;$ba trjpfs;.

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 tPl;by; ,Ue;jgb tiyg;gpd;dypDhlhf itj;jpaHfsplk; ,Ue;J

MNyhridfisAk; mwpTUj;jy;fisAk; ngwf;$ba trjp. e - channeling
 ,izaj;jpDhlhf Gjpa Neha;fs;> Neha;fSf;fhd mwpFwpfs;> Kw;fhg;G
eltbf;iffs;> Neha;fSf;fhd fhuzq;fs; vd;gdtw;iwg; ngw;wf;nfhs;s Kbjy;.

fy;tpj;Jiwapy;
iwapy; jfty; njhlHghly;
njhlHghly; njhopEl;gk; - ICT in Education
 Learning - fw;wy;
 Teaching - fw;gpj;jy;
 Management - fy;tprhH Kfhikj;Jtk; Mfpa %d;W jiwfspYk; ICT
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

fw;wYf;fhf jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gk; - ICT for Learning

fy;tpj;Jiwapy; ICT ghupa tsHr;rp fz;Ls;sJ. ICT ia fy;tpj;Jiwapy;
gad;gLj;JtjDhlhf $ba tpizj;jpwDk; rpwe;j milTfSk; ngwg;gLtNJ ,jw;Ff;
fhuzkhFk;. fy;tpj;Jiwapy; ICT gpd;tUk; gq;fspg;Gf;fisr; nra;fpwJ.
 fzdp tiyg;gpd;dypDhlhd fw;wYk; guPl;irfSk;. (ICDL/ MSSE/ BCS..)
 ghlq;fs; njhlHghd ,yj;jpudpay; nghUl;fs;. (CD/ DVD/ e - books/ Interactive
lessons)
 fw;wYf;fhf nkd;nghUl;fisg; gad;gLj;jy;. (MS-Power point, moodle)
 TV, VCD/DVD player, multimedia projector , computer Nghd;w fUtpfisg;
gad;gLj;jy;
 ghlk; njhlHghd Audio, video, animation, photos, video conference Nghd;wtw;iwg;
gad;gLj;jy;.
 fzdpiag; gad;gLj;jp fw;Fk; Kiwik - Computer Assisted Learning system
 tiyg;gpd;dy; kw;Wk; ,izaj;ijg; gad;gLj;jy;. School net (www.sch.lk)
fw;gpj;jYf;
Yf;fhf jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gk; - ICT for Teaching
 fw;gpf;Fk; NghJ Audio, video, photos, animation vd;gdtw;iwg; gad;gj;jp; fw;gpj;jy;.
 Multimedia projector Ig; gad;gLj;jp fw;gpj;jy;.
 MrpupaHfs; ,izaj;jsj;jpd; %yk; Njitahd jfty;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy;.
 Presentation, software fisj; jahupj;J fzdpapDhlhff; fw;gpj;jy;
 Gjpa njhopEl;gq;fisAk; fUtpfisg; gad;gLj;jp fw;gpj;jy;.
 ghlq;fs; njhlHghd ,yj;jpudpay; nghUl;fisg; gad;gLj;jy;.
(CD/ DVD/ e - books/ Interactive lessons)

fy;tp; Kfhikj;Jtj;jpy; jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gk; - ICT for Management

 fw;wy; Kfhikj;Jt Kiwikfisg; gad;gLj;jy;. (Learning Management system)
 ghlrhiy Kfhikj;Jt Kiwik Nghd;w nkd;nghUl;fis ghlrhiyapy;
epHthf eltbf;iffSf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jy;. (School Management System)
 ,izak; rhHe;j fy;tp Kfhikj;jtf; fllikg;Gf;fisg; gad;gLj;jy;.

tptrhaj;Jiwapy; jfty; njhlHghly;

njhlHghly; nhopEl;gk; - ICT in Agriculture
ICT Unit 7

tptrhapfs; ICT iag; gad;gLj;Jtd; %yk; $ljyhd tpisr;riyg;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;sKbAk;. tptrhapfs; gpd;tUtdtw;wpDhlhf ICT apd; ed;ikfis
milfpd;wdH.

 Gjpa tptrha ,ae;jpuq;fisAk; fUtpfisAk; mwpKfk; nra;jy;.

 $ba tpisr;riyj; juf;$ba tpijfisAk;> Gjpa ,dq;fisAk;
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 M.T.M Aslam Sajah (BSc, PG. Dip in Edu.)

mwpKfggLj;jy;.
 etPd tptrha KiwfisAk; cj;jpfisAk; mwpe;Jnfhs;sy;. (latest techniques)
 Gjpa cutiffisg; gad;gLj;jy;. (New fertilizers)
 fpWkpehrpfisg; gad;gLj;jy;.
 $ba gad; juf;$ba gjpa ,dq;fis fz;Lgpbj;jy;.
 tptrha cw;gj;jpfSf;fhd re;ij epytuq;fis clDf;Fld; mwpe;Jnfhs;sy;.
 fhyepiy tpguq;fis clDf;Fld; mwpe;Jnfhs;sy;.
 tptrhapfs; ,yFthf njhlHghly; trjpfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy;.

ifj;njhopw;Jiwapy; jfty; njhlHghly; nhopEl;gk; - ICT in Industry

ifj;njhopw;Jiwapy; ICT gpd;tUk; 3 Jiwfspy; gpjhd gq;Ftfpf;fpwJ

1. fzdp cjtpAld; tbtikg;G. - Computer Aide Design (CAD)
• nkd;nghUl;fisg; gad;gLj;jp tbtikj;jYk; kpf ,yFthf khw;wq;fis
Vw;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; Gjpa tbtq;fisg; ngwYk;.
• fzdp khjpupaikg;Gf;fs; (Models) %yk; tbtikg;Gf;fisg; guPl;rpj;jy;.
• tbtikj;jtw;iwr; Nrkpj;J itj;J gpd;dH gad;gLj;jy;.
2. fzdp cjtpAld; cw;gj;jp. - Computer Aide Manufacturing (CAM)
• cw;gj;jpia mjpfupj;jy;.
• kpfj;jpUj;jkhf cw;gj;jp nra;jy;.
• cw;gj;jpg;nghUl;fspd; ek;gfj; jd;ik mjpfupj;jy;.

3. Robots
 ifj;njhopw;Jiwapd; gy;NtW eltbf;iffSf;fhfTk; Robot fisg;
gad;gLj;jy;.

tq;fpfspy; jfty; njhlHghly; nj

njhopEl;gkk; - ICT in Banking
tq;fpfspy; mjd; epUthf eltbf;iffSf;fhfTk;> mjd; Nritia ,yFgLj;jTk;
tpupTgLj;jTk; gpd;tUtdtw;iwg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wd.

 ATM - Automatic Teller Machine

 Credit Card
 Master Card
 Online Banking/ e - Banking
 Image processing cheque clearing System (MICR)

nghOJNghf;Ff;fhf jfty; njhlHghly; nhopEl;gk;

k; - ICT for entertainment

 Audio/ Music
 Video/ Films
ICT Unit 7

 Video games
 chat (text and audio chat)

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 M.T.M Aslam Sajah (BSc, PG. Dip in Edu.)

7.2 Issues in the use of

ICT

jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jtjdhy;

tjdhy;
Vw;gLk; tpisTfs;
நா கணனகைள பய ப ேபா தகவ சிைதவலி தகவ
களவாடபவதிலி பாகாபளபட இைடர ற கணனபாவைன"#
தகவபாகா$ அவசியமா#. தகவபாகாப ("கியவைத அறிவத # கீ *+ள
உதாரணைத ேநா"#ேவா.

வ-கிஅைமைப ேநா"#ேவாமாய பலாயர"கண"கான வா."ைகயாள/கள கண"கிய

வபர-க+ வ-கிக0கிைடய பrமா றபவட ஒ3ேவ4 ெச"க6 அைவ
மா றபகி ற. அதனா தகவ சிைதவலி தகவ களவாடபவதிலி
பாகாபளப அவசியமா#. இத # உrய பாகா$ (ைறக+ ைகயாளபத அவசிய

ICT iag; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ gpd;tUk; fhuzpfspy; ftdQ;nrTYj;JtJ

mtrpakhFk;.

1. Social Issues - r%ff; fhuzp

2. Ethical Issues - xOf;ftpay; fhuzp
3. Legal Issues - rl;lk; njhlHghd fhuzpfs;
4. Security Issues - ghJfhg;Gf; fhuzp
5. Health & safety Issues - RfhjuKk; ghJfhg;Gk;

1. Social Issues - r%ff; fhuzp

Digital Divide
jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;g tsq;fis kf;fs; midtUk; gad;gLj;jf;$ba tha;g;G
fpilg;gjpy;iy. mj;jifa tha;g;G cs;stHfSf;Fk;k; ,y;yhjtHfSf;Fk; ,ila xU
gue;j ,ilntsp fhzg;gLtij mtjhdpf;fyhk;. ,jidNa Digital Divide vd;fpNwhk;.
gad;gLj;Jk; fzdpapd; nraw;jpwd;> gad;gLj;Jk; ICT tools> ,izaj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp
mjpypUe;J toq;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba tha;g;Gf;fs;> ICT ia fy;tpf;fhfg;
gad;gLj;jf;$ba tha;g;Gf;fs; vd;gdtw;wpy; ,ilntspfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
cjhuzkhf Pentium I fzdpiag; gad;gLj;JgtUf;Fk; Pentium IV fzdpiag;
gad;gLj;JgtUf;Fk; ,ilapy; fhzg;gLk; ,ilntspiaf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
ICT Unit 7

2. Ethical Issues - xOf;ftpay; fhuzp

fzdp njhlHghd xOf;ftpay; vd;gJ fzdp nkd;nghUs;> td;nghUs; kw;Wk; fzdp

tiyaikg;Gld; njhlHGilaJ. fzdpahdJ tpN\l Gjpa njhopEl;gq;fisg;
gad;gLj;JtJld; Gjpa xOf;ftpy; gpur;rpidfisAk; cUthf;fpAs;sJ.

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 M.T.M Aslam Sajah (BSc, PG. Dip in Edu.)

xUtUila fzdpapYs;s jdpg;gl;;l ,ufrpaq;fis mtH mwpahky; ghHitapLjy;

my;yJ gad;gLj;Jy;> ,d;ndhUtH cUthf;fpa jfty;fis/ nkd;nghUis jhd;
cUthf;fpaJ Nghd;W gad;gLj;jy; my;yJ tpepNahfpj;jy;> rpy rkaq;fspy; xU ehl;by;
khj;jpuk; rl;lG+Htkhf cs;s xU nkd;nghUis NtW ehLfspy; gad;gLj;jy; Nghd;w
nraw;ghLfs; fzdp xOf;ftpaiy kPWtjhFk;. nghJthf ehlyhtpa uPjpapy;
tiygpd;dy;fs; $Ljyhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLtjdhy; ,j;jifa gpur;rpidfisf;
fl;Lg;gLj;JtJ murhq;fj;jpw;F xU ghupa gpur;rpidahf cs;sJ.

கணனபாவைனய கதிெகா+ளபடேவ7ண.யைவ.

1. ச0டrதியான ெம ெபா+ பாவைன.

2. கணனகைள ெபாதமான (ைறய பாவத.
3. ச0டrதிய ற கலா9சாரதி # ெபாதம றவ ைற பாவயாதித.
4. வைலப னைல: கணனகைள: பாதி"காதித.
5. அதவr தனப0ட தகவகைள களவாடாதித.

ேம; epWtdj;jpw;F epWtdk; ததம"#rய ethics ஐ ெகா7."#.

உ..:- பாடசாைல கணன அைறகள computer games tpisahLjy;> rpdpkhg; ghly;fis

play nra;jy;>
mwptpw;Fj; njhlHgw;w Vida tplaq;isg; ghHitapLjy; vd;gd
தைடெச?யப0+ள.

fzdp
fzdp xOf;ftpaypy; gpd;tUk; gpujhd %d;W tiffs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

1. jdpegH ,ufrpak; - Personal privacy

fle;j 15 tUlq;fshf kf;fspilNa fzdpg;ghtid gy;NtW topfspy;
kpf mjpfstpy; mjpfupj;Js;sJ. NkYk; nghJthf fzdpfs;
tiyg;gpd;dypy; ,izf;fg;LtJ jtpHf;fKbahj xd;whf mike;Js;sJ.
rpy rkaq;fspy; fld; ml;il tpguq;fs; kw;Wk; jdpegH xUtuJ jdpg;gl;l
tplaq;fis toq;fNtz;b Vw;gLfpwJ. vdNt ,t;thuhd jfty;fs;
tiyg;gpd;dypy; cs;s Vida fzdpfspy; ,Ue;J ngwf;$bajhf
cs;sjhy; xUtuJ jdpg;gl;l tho;if ,ufrpaj;jd;ik ghjpg;gilfpwJ.

2. ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; / gad;gLj;Jk; cupik - Access rights

fzdp KiwikahdJ mjpfhuk; mspf;fg;glhjth;fss;/
mDkjpaspf;fg;glhjtHFs; gad;gLj;Jtjpy; ,Ue;J jtpHf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
NkYk; mDkjpapd;wp nkd;nghUl;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjpy; ,Ue;Jk;
jtpHf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

Unauthorized Access ,Utiffspy; eilngwyhk;.

1. Hacking
2. Cracking

Hacking
ICT Unit 7

அ@மதிய ற நபரா கணனவைலயைமப6+ உ0$க(ய சித அல

பாகாைப உைட"ெகா7 உ0$#த hacking எனப.

அதவr கண"#இல"க, கடன0ைட எ பவ ைற களவாட, தவறான

(ைறய பய பத ம 4 வைலயைமப நைடெப4 தகவ

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 M.T.M Aslam Sajah (BSc, PG. Dip in Edu.)

பrமா றைத திைசதி$த, #ள$த எ பனC இதி அட-#.

இவ ைற9 ெச?பவ/ hacker எனபவா/.

Cracking
அ6மதிய ற programmerஆ ெம ெபாள உ+ளட"கைத மா ற,
அ6மதி இல"கைத மா ற ம 4 பாகா$ வழி(ைறகைள மா ற
ஆகியன cracking ஆ#.

,t;thW ntw;wpfukhf nkd;nghUs; xd;wpd; ghJfhg;G rl;ltpNuhjkhf

ePf;fg;gl;lhy; mt;thuhd nkd;nghUs; “Cracked” software vd
miof;fg;gLk;

3. nfLjp tistpf;ff;$ba nraw;ghLfs; - Harmful actions

,J Ntz;Lk; vd;Nw juTfis juTfis Nrjg;gLj;Jtijf; Fwpf;Fk;.

mjhtJ Fwpj;j juTfisNah Programe fisNah mopg;gjd; %yk;
my;yJ khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; tsq;fspy;> gzj;jpy; my;yJ
Neuj;jpy; ghupa el;lj;ij Vw;gLj;JtjhFk;. ,it nghJthf Ntz;Lk;
vd;Nw fzzpd virus fisg; guttpLtjd; %yk; Vw;glyhk;.

3. rl;lk; njhlHghd fhuzpfs; - Legal Issues

rl;lk; njhlHfhd fhuzpfis ,Utifg;gLj;jyhk;.

1. gjpg;Gupik – Copyright
VNjDk; xd;iw (nkd;nghUis) cUthf;fpatUf;fhd (jdpegH my;yJ
epWtdk;) rl;luPjpahd cupik gjpg;Gupik vd miof;fg;gLk;.

1989 Mk; Mz;bd; “Copyright, Design and patent Act” vDk; rl;lj;jpd; %yk;
mDkjpapd;wp nkd;nghUl;fis gad;gLj;jy;> gpujpnra;jy;> tpepNahfpj;jy;
vd;gd rl;lg;gb Fw;wr;nray;fshFk;.
2. Patent
VNjDk; xU Gjpa njhopEl;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp Gjpa xU rhjdj;ijj;
jahupj;jtUf;Ff; Fwpj;j fhyj;jpw;Ff; fpilf;Fk; cupikahFk;.

,t;thuhd cupikiag; ngWtjw;F Gjpa xU fz;Lgpbg;ghf

,Uf;fNtz;baJld; mjd;%yk; rpwe;j gaidg;ngwf;$bajhfTk; ,Uj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thud cupikiag; ngWk;NghJ mf;Fwpj;j fhyj;jpw;F
mg;Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;ig mtuJ mDkjpapd;wp jahupj;jy;> gad;gLj;jy;>
tpepNahfpj;jy;> Vw;Wkjpnra;jy; vd;gd rl;lg;gb Fw;wkhFk;.

4. ghJfhg;Gf; fhuzpfs; - Security Issues -

gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; ,Ue;J fzdpia ghJfhj;jy; Ntz;Lk;

ICT Unit 7

1. nghsjPfuPjpahfg; ghJfhj;jy; -Physical Security

2. newpKiwg; ghJfhg;G - Logical Security
3. fzdpiag; ghjpf;Fk; nkw;nghUl;fs; - Security from virus programs

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nghsjPfuPjpahfg; ghJfhj;jy; jy; -Physical Security

• fzdpia Jhrp Jzpf;iffspy; ,Ue;J ghJfhj;jy; Ntz;Lk;
• Kiwaw;w ghtizfspy; ,Ue;J ghJfhj;jy; Ntz;Lk;
• fzdpia G+r;rpfspy; ,Ue;J ghJfhj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. (fug;gj;jhd;> gy;yp> vWk;G..)
• Gif my;yJ thAf;fspy; ,Ue;j ghJfhj;jy.;
• mjpf ntg;gk; my;yJ gdpapUe;J ghJfhj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
• fzdpapw;F UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) ,d; %yk; kpd;idg;
ngWtjpDhlhf jpBnud kpd; Jz;bf;fg;Ltjdhy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gf;fspy; ,Ue;J
ghJfhj;jy;.
• fzdpia ,bkpd;dypy; ,Ue;J ghJfhj;jy;. (Surge protection)
• kpd;mOj;j NtWghl;ilf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; fUtpia ,izg;gjd; %yk; ghJfhj;jy;.
(Stabilizer to control voltage)

newpKiwg; ghJfhg;G - Logical Security

fzdpaYs;s nkd;nghUl;fisAk; Vida juTfiSk; gpd;tUk; ,U Kiwfspy;
ghJfhf;fyhk;
1. ,ufrpa FwpaPLfis tsq;Fjy;. (Password)
2. gpujpnra;J itj;jy;. (Backup)

fzdpiag;
fzdpiag; ghjpf;Fk; nkd;nghUl;
nghUl;fs; - Security from virus programs

vkJ fzdpapYs;s jfty;fis ghJfhg;gJ kpfTk; rpwkkhd xU tplakhFk;. ,jpy;

kpfg;gpujhdkhf Malicious Software ,y; ,Ue;J ghJfhg;gJ kpf Kf;fpakhd xU
tplakhFk;
Malicious software அல Malware எனபவ உrைமயாளr அ6மதி இ றி கணன"#
பாதிைப ஏ ப ெம ெபாளா#. கணனவ;னரா அைன வபதகா
ெம ெபா+கைள: #றி"க Malicious software எனப ெசா பத
பய பதபகி ற.

இதி Virus, Worm, Trojan, Adware, Rootkit, Spyware ேபா ற பல அட-#.

Computer Virus
Computer Virus vd;gJ vk;ik mwpahky; vkJ fzdpapDs; cw;GFe;J ehk;
tpUk;ghj nray;fisr; nra;af;$ba program my;yJ program code MFk;.
Vida Program fisg;Nghd;W Computer Virus MdJ fzdp vd;d nra;a
Ntz;Lk; vd;w mwpTUj;jy;fis toq;Fk;.

fzdp virus ,d; gd;Gfs;

• midj;J fdzp virus fSk; kdpjdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;ljhFk;.

• ,it jd;idj;jhNd ngUf;fpf;nfhs;Sk; ,ay;GilaJ.
• ,it Rakhf gpujpnra;Jnfhs;sf;$baJ.
• ,it ehrfhu Ntiyfisr; nra;aty;yJ. mjhtJ> hard disk ,Ys;s juTfis
ICT Unit 7

mopj;jy; my;yJ hard disk I format nra;jy;> milahsk; njwpahj file fis
copy nra;jy; Nghd;w ehk; tpUk;ghj Ntiyfis nra;Ak;.
• NkYk; rpy mghafukhd virus fs; memory ,Ys;s midj;J ,lj;ijAk;
epug;gpf;nfhs;tjdhy; fzdp nray;gl Kbahj epiyaia Vw;gLj;Jk;.
• NkYk; rpy virus fs; computer network ,Ys;s ghJfhg;ig (password) I

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ePf;FtJld; jfty;fis gpujpnra;J NtW fzdpfSf;F mDg;gty;yJ.

gy;NtW tifahd computer virus fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

1. Boot sector virus

,t;tifahd virus fs; fzdpia ON nra;Ak;NghNj fzdpapd;

hard disk ,Ys;s boot sector I ghjpf;fpd;wd. vdNt
,t;tifahd virus fs; fzdp hard disk ,d; %yk; boot Mtijj; jLf;fpwJ.

boot sector : hard disk ,y; fzdp boot Mtjw;Fj; Njitahd mwpTUj;jy;fs;
cs;s xU gFjp.

boot : fzdp On MFk; nrad;Kiw

2. File virus

,t;tifahd virus fs; Application nkd;nghUl;fisg; ghjpf;fpd;wd. ,t;thuhd

Application I nraw;gLj;Jk; NghJ my;yJ jpwf;fFk; NghJ mjNdhL
,ize;Js;s Vida Application fisAk; file fisAk; ghjpf;Fk;.

3. Macro virus

,t;tifahd virus Microsoft Office package I kpf ,yFthfg;

ghjpf;Fk;. ,t;tifahd virus fs; Macro programming language
vDk; kpf ,yFtd xU nkhopiag; gad;gLj;jp vOjg;gLk;.

4. Multipartite virus

,it File> boot sector Mfpa ,uz;ilAk; ghjpf;ff$bait.,t;tifahd

virus If; fz;Lgpbf;Fk; NghNj gy file fisg; ghjpj;jpUf;Fk;.

5. Polymorphic virus

,t;tifahd virus fs; xU fzdpapy; ,Ue;J ,d;NdhH fzdpf;Fr; nry;Yk;

NghJ jdJ code I khw;wpf;nfhs;Sk;. vdNt antivirus program ,d; %yk;
,t;tif virus fis fz;Lgpbg;gJ fbdkhFk;. ,Ue;j NghjpYk; ,t;tifahd
virus fs; kpff;FiwthfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

6. Stealth virus

,t;tifahd virus fs; jd;id fhl;bf;nfhs;shky; kiwj;J itj;Jf;nfhs;Sk;.

ICT Unit 7

NkYk; ghjpg;gile;j file fis ghjpg;gilahjJ Nghd;W fhl;Lk;. vdNt

,t;tifahd virus fis antivirus %yk; fz;Lgpg;gJ kpff; fbdkhFk;.

Worm

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Worm Gயமாக த ைன ெப"# computer program ஆ#. அ

கணனபாவைனயாளr தைலயH. றி கணனவைலயைமபIடாக
த ைனெப"கி" ெகா+கி ற. Virus ஐ ேபாலலா ேவ4
ெம ெபாJட இைனயா ெசய படவல. Worms எேபா
கணனவைலயைமைப பாதி"கி ற. ஆனா virus கணனய;+ள fileகைள
பாதி"கி ற.

worm virus fs; Ehw;Wf;fzf;fhd my;yJ Mapuf;fzf;fhd gpujpfisr; nra;J fdzp

tiyaikg;gpDhlhf mDg;gf;$ba ty;yikAilaJ. ,jdhy; xNu rkaj;jpy; Mapuf;
fzf;fhd fzdpfs; ghjpg;gilAk;. vdNt ,t;tif virus fs;; kpfTk; Mgj;jhdit.

Trojan horse

இ program த ைன ேவ4 பய6+ள ெம ெபாளாக" கா0."ெகா+J.

,itVirus ஐ ேபா 4 ஆனா மைறதி கணனைய பாதி"#.
vdpDk; Vida virus ஐேபா 4 த ைன ெப"கி"ெகா+வதிைல.
பய6+ள ெம ெபாளாக" கா0."ெகா7 hacker உ+Kைளய
வழியைம"ெகா"கி ற. அத ப அ6மதிய ற நப/ கணனய6+
Kைள தகவைல அழி"கலா.

,it worm virus Ig; Nghd;W gpujpfis cUthf;fhjNghjpYk; fzdpapy; ,UfFk;;

jfty;fspy; kpf ,yFthf njhw;wpf;nfhs;Sk;. NkYk; ,it jFe;j Neuk; tUk; tiu
fhj;jpUe;J jhf;ff;$ba jd;ikAilaJ.

Trojan horse பாதிப அறி#றிக+.

அறி#றிக+. (nghJthf virus ghjpg;gpd; mwpFwpfs;)

1. fzdpg; ghtidahsupd; Kf;fpa jfty;fis NtW egHfSf;F mDg;Gjy;

Send the user’s important details to others.
2. fzdpapYs;s juTfis mopj;jy; my;yJ khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;jy;
Change or delete data of the computer.
3. mDkjpaw;w topfspy; juTfis gjpNtw;wk; nra;jy; my;yJ gjptpwf;fk; nra;jy;.
Uploading and downloading data in an unauthorized way.
4. virus Nghd;w ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jf;$ba nkd;nghUl;fis gug;Gjy;.
Spreading malware such as viruses.
5. vjpHghuhj tpjkhf fzdpia Off/ Restart nra;jy;
Shutdown or restart the computer unexpectedly.
6. mDkjpapd;wp nkd;nghUl;fis install nra;jy;
Unauthorized Software installation.
7. fzdpaYs;s file ,d; msit (nfhs;syit) khw;Wjy;
Chang file size
8. fzdp Kiwikapd; jpfjpiaAk; Neuj;ijAk; khw;Wjy;.
ICT Unit 7

Change system date and time

9. fzdp Kiwikapd nraw;jpwid Fiwj;jy;.
Slow down the system performance
10. fzdp On (boot) Mtjw;F kpf ePz;l Neuk; vLj;jy;

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Take more time to boot computer

Blended Program

virus, worm, Trojan horse Mfpa midj;jpdJ gz;GfisAk; nfhz;l program blended
program vdg;gLk;.

Time Bomb

இ கணனய6+ Kைழத பாதிைப ஏ பதா. ஆனா #றிப0ட

ேநரைத அைடத ெதாழி பட ஆரப"#.

உ.. :- ஏர 1 திகதி “நM ஒ (0டா+” எ 4 ெச?தி அ6ப.

Logic Bomb

#றி"கப0ட நிபதைன N/தியான இ ெதாழி பட ஆரப"#. இ த ைன

ெப"கி"ெகா+வதிைல.

உ.. :- ஒ programmer ஆ எ*தப Virus program, ஒ #றிப0ட ெம ெபா+ install

ஆன ெதாழி பட ஆரபத.

Spyware

,J fzdpia ghtidahsUf;Fj; njupahky; ,ufrpakhf fz;fhdpf;Fk; xUtif

nkd;nghUshFk;. nghJthf ,t;tifahd nkd;nghUis JUtpfs; (Hakers)
jPq;Ftpistpf;Fk; Nehf;fj;Jld; gad;gLj;JthHfs;. rpy rkaq;gspy; nkd;nghUs;
mgptpUj;jp nra;Ak; epWtdq;fs; ghtidahsH gw;wpa jfty;fisj; jpul;Ltjw;fhf
Spyware Ig; gad;gLj;JthHfs;.

fzdpiag; ghJfhg;gjw;F vLf;f Ntz;ba Kw;fhg;Gf;fs;

s;
Precautions to protect the computer systems
• virus ghjpf;fg;gl;l disk (floppy disk, CD, DVD, flash, Hard disk) fisg;
gad;gLj;Jtjpy; ,Ue;J jtpH;e;J nfhs;sy;
• ghjpf;fg;gl;l/ njwpahj exe file (Executable file) fis gjptpwf;Ftjpy; (download)
,Ue;J jtpHe;J nfhs;sy;
• mwpKfkpy;yhj e-mail fis jpwg;gjpypUe;J jtpHe;Jnfhs;sy;.
• Gjpa er;R epuy; vjpHg;G nkd;nghUl;fis (antivirus software) gad;gLj;JtNjhL
njhlHr;rpahf update nra;jy;.
• Fwpj;j ehl;fSf;F xUKiw njhlHr;rpahf fzdpia scan nra;jy;.
• Intenet ,y; ,Ue;J e-mail my;yJ file fis download nra;Ak; NghJ mtw;iw
ICT Unit 7

scan nra;j gpd;dH download nra;jy;.

• Kiwahf firewall I install nra;J update nra;jy;.

Antivirus Software - er;R epuy; vjpHg;G nkd;nghUl;fs;

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 M.T.M Aslam Sajah (BSc, PG. Dip in Edu.)

• Antivirus software vd;gJ fzdpf;F virus ghjpf;fg;glhky; jtpHf;ff;$ba my;yJ

virus ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shd fzdpfspy; ,Ue;J mtw;iw ePf;f;$ba nkd;nghUshFk;.
• ,J xU Utility software MFk;.
• Antivirs software MdJ mjw;Fj; njupe;j vy;yh virus fisAk; Njbf;
fz;Lgpbj;J mopj;JtpLk;. Mdhy; ,t;tifahd nkd;nghUis Kiwahf update
nra;J gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
• Antivirus MdJ scan nra;Ak; NghJ gpd;tUk; ,U eltbf;iffis
Nkw;nfhs;Sk;.
1. antivirus programe mwpe;j xU virus fz;Lgpbf;fg;gLkhapd; mtw;iw
fzdpapy; ,Ue;J Kw;whf mopf;Fk;.
2. antivirus programe mwpahj Gjpa virus Mapd; Nkyjpf tprhuidf;fhf
gpbj;J itf;fg;gLk;. (quarantine)

Antivirus software ,w;fhd cjhuzq;fs;

Norton, MacAfee, Symantec, PC clinic, AVG, Dr. Solomon’s, KasperSky…

Firewall
mDkjpapd;wp my;yJ mjpfhukspf;fg;glhjtHfs; (Hackers) fzdpiag; ghtpg;gjpy;
,Ue;J jtpHg;gjw;fhf Firewall gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. Firewall MdJ xU nkd;nghUshf
my;yJ td;nghUshff; fhdg;glyhk;. nghJthf nkd;nghUs; Firewall kpf mjpfstpy;
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
fzdpahdJ network cld; my;yJ Internet cld; ,izf;fg;gLkhapd; fl;lhakhf
Firewall gad;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

5. Health & safety Issues - RfhjuKk; ghJfhg;Gk;

fzdpiag; ghtpg;gjdhy; vkJ clypd; rpy ghfq;fs;

ghjpGf;Fs;shtNjhL rpy Neha;fs; tUtjw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fs;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. nghJthf fzdpiag; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ tpuy;> if>
fhs;> kdpf;fl;L> Gak;> KJF kw;Wk; fz; vd;gd ghjpg;gilayhk;.

NkYk; njhlHr;rpahff; fzdpiag; gad;gLj;JtjdhYk; Kiwahfg;

gad;gLj;jhjjdhYk; gpd;tUk; Neha;fs; Vw;glyhk;.
1. KJtyp - Back ache
2. fz;Neha;fs; - Eyestrain
3. rypg;Gj;jd;ik - Uneasiness
4. %iyf;fl;b - Tumor in the brain
,tw;wpy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gf;fs; rpy rkaq;fspy; ghuJhukhd tpisTgis Vw;gLj;jyhk;.
vdNt ehk; fzdpiag; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ ,ad;wsT vkJ cly; MNuhf;fpaj;ijf;
fUj;jpw;nfhs;tJ mj;jpa mtrpakhFk;.
ICT Unit 7

fdzpiag; gad;gLj;Jk;NghJ nghUj;jkhd fjpiuiag; gad;gLj;jp

Rfkhf cl;fhUjy; Ntz;Lk;. KJF epkph;e;j epiyapYk; ,U
G[q;fSk; Neuhf itf;ff;$bajhfTk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. fzdpiag;
gad;gj;Jk; NghJ vkJ cly; mjpfk; mirahjtW ,Ufhy;fisAk;
epyj;jpy; itj;jtd;dk; Rfkhf cl;fhhHe;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld;

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type nra;Ak; NghJ KJif tiyj;jtd;dk; type nra;ahJ fjpiuapy; rha;jtd;dk; type
nra;a Ntyz;Lk;. mj;Jld; fjpiapy; rhAk; NghJ KJF tiyahJ epiyf;Fj;jhf;
fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,y;iynadpd; KJFtyp Vw;gLtjw;fhd tha;g;Gz;L.

Keyboard ,Ys;s key fs; ,Uf;fkpy;yhky; ,Uf;fNtz;baJld; ,U iffspd; mUfpy;

Keyboard I itj;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
tpuy;fis ePl;b jl;lr;R nra;ahky;
keyboard kPJ ,yFthf iffis itj;J
jl;lr;R nra;af;$ba epiyapy;
itj;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; keyboard
I vkJ tapW kl;lj;jpw;F Neuhg
itj;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mijtpl $ba
my;yJ Fiwe;j cauj;py; keyboard I
itj;J gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ vkJ
ifkdpf;fl;L> G[k;> fYj;J Mfpa
gFjpfspy; typ cz;lhFk;.

Mouse ifalf;fkhdjhTk; ,yFthf

mirj;J ,yFthf click nra;af;
$bajhfTk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
mj;Jld; mouse I mirg;gjw;F
ifapYs;s 5 tpuy;fisAk;
gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; Mouse [ keyboard ,d; kl;lj;jpy; itj;Jf;nfhs;StJld;
ifapd; mUfpy; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

Monitor ,d; Nky;gFjpadJ vkJ

fz;kl;lj;jpw;F rw;W fPNo
,Uf;fj;jf;fthWk; vkf;F rupahf
NeuhfTk; itj;jpUj;jy;; Ntz;Lk;.
Monitor fz;kl;lj;jw;F NkNyNah
my;yJ fPNoNah ,Uf;Fkhapd;
fOj;Jtyp kw;Wk jiytyp Vw;gl
tha;g;Gz;L. NkYk; Monitor
cz;ikahd color I cilajhfTk;
jpiu Mlhky; mjd; refresh rate I
mjpfupj;J itj;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
Monitor ,d; bright IAk; mjpfk;
mjpfupj;J itf;fhky; miwapYs;s
ICT Unit 7

bright ,w;F nghUe;Jk; tifapy;

khw;wpf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld;
monitor ,w;Fk; fz;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd Jhuk; 18 mq;Fyk; Kjy; 30/ (10 mq;Fyk;
Kjy; 24) mq;Fyk; ,ilapy; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. njhlHr;rpahf monitor Ig; ghHj;j
tz;zk; ,Uf;ff$lhJ. fz;fis mbf;fb %bj;jpwf;f Ntz;Lk;. Fiwe;jJ 10
Comupter Learning Center - Al-Azhar Navodya School, Hemmathagama 13
 M.T.M Aslam Sajah (BSc, PG. Dip in Edu.)

eplj;jpw;F xU KiwahtJ fz;fis Monitor ,y; ,Ue;J jpirjpUg;gp Jhu ,lj;jpYs;s

nghUs; xd;iwg; ghHf;f Ntz;Lk;.

fzdpiaj; njhlHr;rpahfg; gzd;gLjh;jf;$lhJ. Fiwe;jJ 30 epkplj;jpw;F xU Kiw

rpwpJ Xa;ntLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,ilapilaNa Kd; gf;fKk; gpd; gf;fKk; fOj;ij
mirj;J Njhs; %l;Lf;fis ,yFgLj;j Ntz;Lk;.NkYk; ,ilapila if tpuy;fis
tpupj;J ,yFgLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

Note:
• jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;g tsq;fis kf;fs; midtUk; gad;gLj;jf;$ba
tha;g;G fpilg;gjpy;iy. mj;jifa tha;g;G cs;stHfSf;Fk;k;
,y;yhjtHfSf;Fk; ,ila xU gue;j ,ilntsp fhzg;gLtij mtjhdpf;fyhk;.
,jidNa Digital Divide vd;fpNwhk;.

• ,g;gpur;rpidia ePf;Ftjw;F ehk; xd;whf NrHe;J Kaw;rp vLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ehk;

ngw;Ws;s fzdp mwpit kw;wtHfSf;F nrhy;ypf;nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
• ehk; ghtpj;j fzdpfis tPd; tpuak; nra;ahJ fzdp ,y;yhjtHfSf;F my;yJ
ghlrhiy Nghd;w epWtdq;fSf;F toq;f Ntz;Lk;.
• vkJ r%f fyhr;rhu tpOkpaq;fis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lk; tifapy;
,izaj;jsq;fis cUthf;fp gpuRf;f Ntz;Lk;.
• ehk; fw;gpf;Fk; NghJ Gjpa njhopEl;gq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp mjhtJ ICT iag;
gad;gLj;jp fw;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
• ICT ,d; %yk; jw;NghJ Gjpa njhopy;tha;g;Gf;fs; cUthfpAs;sd.
mtw;wpy; rpy
1. Data entry operator
2. Computer operator
3. Programmer
4. Software developer
5. System analyst
6. Software engineer
7. Hardware engineer
8. Network administrator
9. IT manager
10. Web developer
11. Desktop publisher
12. Computer application assistant
ICT Unit 7

Comupter Learning Center - Al-Azhar Navodya School, Hemmathagama 14