Difference Bet’n Conventional and Chemical Earthing

Conventional Earthing:

Uses of charcoal & salt.

GI pipe with funnel & hole.

More area of space required.

Require regular maintenance.

More fluctuation in OHMIC value.

Chemical Earthing

Eco friendly chemicals are used for longer life.

Double pipe with flat technology.

Less area of space required.

Maintenance free.

No fluctuation of current & OHMIC value.

DANGERS OF IMPERFECT EARTHING

Imperfect earthing will play havoc with the system and lives of the people.

If lightning protection system earth is not proper, in the event of lightning discharge, the lightning
protection system will become in effective and this may cause injury elsewhere in the equipment.
If the Transformer neutral is not earthed properly, in the event of an earth fault in the system a
condition known as “arcing ground” will occur resulting in high voltages.

Regular condition monitoring of healthiness of earth and maintenance of earth system ensures safety. In
effective earthing in a distribution system may, not only result in life hazards but also may affect
metering.

If proper standard and effective earthing adopted, it will minimize accidents and maximize the security
and reliability and supply.

The advantages of earthing

The practice of earthing is not widespread as it should be. It has two main advantages

1. The whole electrical system is tied to the potential of the general mass of earth and cannot

'float' at another potential. For example, we can be fairly certain that the neutral of our supply

is at, or near, zero volt (earth potential) and that the phase conductors of our standard supply

differ from earth by 240 volts.

2. By connecting earth to metal work not intended to carry current (an extraneous conductive

part or an exposed conductive part) by using a protective conductor, a path is provided for fault

current which can be detected and, if necessary, broken.

TIEC Terminology

International standard IEC 60364 distinguishes three families of earthing arrangements, using the two
letter codes TN, TT and IT The first letter indicates the connection between the earth and the power
supply equipment.
(Transformer or generator)

T - Indicates one or more points of the supply are directly earthed ( For example , earthed neutral of the
transformer )

I - Indicates either that the supply system is not earthed at all, or that the earthing includes a

deliberately inserted impedance, the purpose of which is to limit the fault current. The second letter
indicates the connection between the earth and the electrical device being supplied:

T - All exposed conductive metalwork is directly connected to the earth, independent of any other earth
connection in the supply system.

N - All exposed conductive metalwork is connected directly to an earthed supply conductor provided by
Electric supply

The third and fourth letters indicate the arrangement of the earthed supply conductor system.

S - Neutral and Earth conductor systems are quite separate

C -Neutral and Earth are combined into a single conductor

Electrical accidents are frequently reported in various establishments and the reason behind the
accidents can be summarized as:

1. Improper wiring by local electrician.

2. Putting up of higher rating fuses.

3. Leakage of current.

5. Not adhering of electrical safety.

6. Improper method of construction and bad workmanship

7. Earthing not proper.

8. Lack of supervision during work done by unqualified labor.

9. Natural Cause.

Such type of accidents can be avoided up to some extent if, design engineer adopt different safety
precaution and latest techniques.

Primary object of an Earthing system:

It should stabilize circuit potential with respect to ground and limit the overall potential rise.

It should protect life & property of device from over voltages.

It should provide low impedance path to fault current for reliable & prompt operation of protective
devices during ground fault.

It should keep the maximum voltage gradient along the surface inside & around the substation within
safe limits during ground faults.