PARTS OF SPEECH: ADVERBS

Adverbs are words used to describe or modify verbs. Adverbs give

more information about a verb. Use adverbs to make your writing more
interesting. Here are some examples:

It modifies verbs, adverbs or adjectives

I walk quickly. I am not happy. He is more friendly than her. I am

very hot.

DESCRIBE THE MAN'S ACTIONS:

He's
H working hard.
working quickly.
e's
He's working fast.
H
He's working
working hurriedly.
carefully.
e's
H
working slowly.
e's

"Quickly, carefully, slowly, hard,

fast, hurriedly" are all adverbs.

Frank worked more yesterday . Adverbs give

(WHEN) information about the
time, place and
Steve works here . manner of the action.
(WHERE) Also answers to what
They work well together. extent: He works
(HOW) HARD.
ADJECTIVE ADVERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB
new newly quick quickly
happy happily careful carefully
Most adverbs have -ly at the end.

ADJECTIVE ADVERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB

hard hard fast fast
early early good well
Some adverbs are irregular.

Quickly, he finished his

 work.
He quickly finished his
work.
He finished his work
quickly.
Adverbs have many possible positions within a sentence.

Frank works more quickly than Adverbs can be used

Steve. to compare actions.
Steve works more carefully than
Frank.
Paul is
Which a very
worker goodmore
works worker.
efficiently?
Sandy is frequently busy. Adverbs can be used
to modify adjectives.
Our teacher is always patient
with us.

Paul went to the store, then he went to the post Adverbs can be used
office. to
I should have studied; instead, I went to a join two clauses
movie. together.
These adverbs are
I have no money; I'd go with you otherwise.
called
I think, therefore I am. • between
conjunctive adverbs.
• beyond
Some of the most common conjunctive adverbs are:
• of
• but
also, consequently, finally, furthermore, hence, however,
• off
incidentally, indeed,
• byinstead, likewise, meanwhile,
nevertheless, next, • on
nonetheless, otherwise, still, then,
• concerning
therefore, thus • considering • onto
• opposite
• despite
• outside • towards
• down
• over • under
• during
English Prepositions
• except
List • past • underne
• per ath
There are more than• excepting
100 prepositions in
• English.
plus Yet this is a
• unlike
very small number• when
excluding
you think of the thousands of other
• regardin
words (nouns, verbs• following
etc). Prepositions are important words. • until
We
g • up
• for
use individual prepositions more frequently than other individual
• round
words. In fact, the•prepositions
from of, to and in are among •theupon ten
• save • versus
most frequent words• inin English. Here is a list of 70 of the more
• since • via
common one-word• prepositions.
inside Many of these prepositions have
more than one meaning. • than • with
• into Please refer to a dictionary for precise
• through • within
• like
• to • without
• minus
 meaning and usage.

• aboard
• about
• above
• across
• after
• against
• along
• amid
• among
• anti
• around
• as
• at
• before
• behind
Come in phrases
• below I walked [near the
• beneath park]
• beside
• besides

Helping Verbs
Helping verbs appear with action
verbs in a sentence. They help
create the verb phrase. (Notice
that some helping verbs can be
linking verbs if they are all alone in
a sentence.)

Helping verbs list:

is am are was were
 bein
be been do does
g
did has have had can
coul woul
may will shall
d d
should might must
Examples:

He was going to the store.

Pronouns List
Indefinite Pronouns:do not refer to a specific person,
place or thing

always singular: anybody, anyone, another, each, either,

everybody,everyone, nobody, no one, neither, one, other,
someone, somebody

always plural: many, both, few, several, others

number plural , quantity singular: all, any, some, none

Demonstrative Pronouns: point out something

definite

singular: this, that

plural:these, those

Interrogative Pronouns: used when asking questions

who, whose, whom, which, that, what, whoever, whomever,

whatever, whichever

Contractions: it's: it is who's: who is, who has

Personal Pronouns
Nominative Objective Possessive

I me my

You you your, yours

He him his

She her her. hers

It it its

We us our, ours

They them their, their

The Linking Verb

Recognize a linking verb when you see one.
Linking verbs do not express action. Instead, they
connect the subject of the verb to additional
information about the subject. Look at the examples
below:
Keila is a shopaholic.
Ising isn't something that Keila can do. Is connects the
subject, Keila, to additional information about her, that she
will soon have a huge MasterCard bill to pay.
During the afternoon, my cats are content to nap on
the couch.
Areing isn't something that cats can do. Are is connecting
the subject, cats, to something said about them, that they
enjoy sleeping on the furniture.
After drinking the old milk, Bladimiro turned green.
Turned connects the subject, Bladimiro, to something said
about him, that he was needing Pepto Bismol.
A ten-item quiz seems impossibly long after a night of
no studying.
Seems connects the subject, a ten-item quiz, with
something said about it, that its difficulty depends on
preparation, not length.
Irene always feels sleepy after pigging out on pizza
from Antonio's Ristorante.
Feels connects the subject, Irene, to her state of being,
sleepiness.
The following verbs are true linking verbs: any form
of the verb be [am, is, are, was, were, has been,
are being, might have been, etc.], become, and
seem. These true linking verbs are always linking
verbs.
Then you have a list of verbs with multiple
personalities: appear, feel, grow, look, prove,
remain, smell, sound, taste, and turn. Sometimes
these verbs are linking verbs; sometimes they are
action verbs. Their function in every individual
sentence determines what you call them.

How do you tell when they are action verbs and when
they are linking verbs? If you can substitute am, is,
or are for the verb and the sentence still sounds
logical, you have a linking verb on your hands. If,
after the substitution, the sentence makes no sense,
you are dealing with an action verb instead. Here are
some examples:
Sylvia tasted the spicy squid eyeball stew.
Sylvia is the stew? I don't think so! Tasted, therefore, is an
action verb in this sentence.
The squid eyeball stew tasted good.
The stew is good? You bet. Make your own!
I smell the delicious aroma of a mushroom and
papaya pizza baking in the oven.
I am the aroma? No way! Smell, in this sentence, is an
action verb.
The mushroom and papaya pizza smells heavenly.
The pizza is heavenly? Definitely! Try a slice!
The distressed travelers looked at their map,
wondering how the Eiffel Tower had gotten to Egypt.
The distressed travelers are the map? Of course not! Here,
then, looked is an action verb.
The map looked hopelessly confusing.
The map is confusing? Without a doubt! You try to read it.
This substitution will not work for appear. With appear, you
have to analyze the function of the verb.
Swooping out of the clear blue sky, Superman
appeared on Lois Lane's balcony.
Appear is something Superman can do--especially when
danger is near.

Superman appeared happy to see Lois.

Here, appeared is connecting the subject, Superman, to
his state of mind, happiness.

Nouns

1 Common- dog, girl

2 Proper- Max, Rosie, California
3 Collective- flock, herd, gaggle, group
4 Compound- popcorn, cupcake
5 Concrete- can be touched- pencil, clothes
6 Abstract- can’t be touched- happiness, fear

Pronouns

1 Personal- I, you, he, she, it

2 Reflexive- Myself, yourself, themselves
3 Indefinite- not specific- someone, all, few
4 Demonstrative- opposite of indefinite- this, that, these, those
5 Interrogative- question like- who, what, which
What did you say?
6 Relative- act as subject in dependant clause-
Negotiations were not going smoothly between the two leaders, [who made no
bones about not liking each other.]
Verbs

1 Action- walk, read, run

2 Linking- be, is, am, are, was, were, been- or a verb that can be replaced by
them and still make sense.
3 Helping- might, could, would
First, he would invent a country.
4 Intransitive- does not have a direct object after it.
The dog is [under the table] –under the table is a prepositional phrase
5 Transitive- has a direct object after
The child broke [the plate.] wouldn’t make sense w/o the direct object.
6 Regular- the verb changes to ed in past tense: play-played
7 Irregular- the verb completely changes when in past tense: make-made

Conjunction
Joins 2 words, phrases, sentences
And but or yet
Either or, neither nor, but also, not only but also, but and.

Interjection shows emotion

Ouch! Said Amy as she hit her head.