Amines

 R-NH2
 Basic compounds
 Polar compounds
 1° & 2° amines can form H bonding
 3° amines cannot form H bonding

 Color Reaction Test

 NINHYDRIN TEST
 Principle: Detection of free amino acids.
Decarboxylation of alpha-amino acids producing
CO2 and Ammonia.
AMINO ACIDS  Result:
 Building blocks of proteins  Free amino acids – purple
 Proline/ Hydroxyproline – yellow

 Peptide Bonds
 Linkage between amino acids
 Dipeptides, Oligopeptides & Polypeptides
 BIURET TEST
 Principle: Detection of peptide linkages
 Reagents: Copper Sulfate & NaOH
 Result: Purple/ violet solution
 BY HEAT
 Principle: Heat disrupts the Hydrogen bonds and
hydrophobic interactions between “R” groups.
 Heat destroys the structure of proteins.
 Result: White precipitate

 BY STRONG ACIDS
 Polarity of Amino acids:  Principle: Splits salt linkages by ionizing the –COOH
 Depends on the R/ side chain group.
 Classified:  Results:
o Nonpolar AA  Conc. Nitric acid – cloudy white precipitate
o Polar AA  Conc. Sulfuric acid – brown solution w/ white
 Neutral precipitate
 Acidic
 Basic  ACIDITY AND BASICITY:
 GLYCINE - NEUTRAL
PROTEINS  ARGININE - BASIC
 Contains Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen (C,  HISTIDINE - BASIC
H, O, N)  ALANINE - NEUTRAL
 Made up of polymers of amino acids (basic unit)  LYSINE - BASIC
 Gelatin and Albumin  ASPARTIC ACID – ACIDIC

 Physical Properties
 Solubility in water:
 ↑ MW amines – Insoluble/ Slightly soluble
 ↓ MW amines – Soluble
 Alanine is insoluble to water
 Solubility of Amines in aq. Acids
 Formation of water soluble salts