ADAMSON UNIVERSITY

Problem Set
Basic Thermodynamics Engineering

1. After a series of state changes the pressure of 2kg of carbon dioxide is doubled while its volume is
halved. What is ∆S? Ans. -0.262 kJ/K
2. 0.25 moles of ammonia undergo a state change from 500 kPaa and 0.24m³ to 9.5 Mpaa, 0.012 m³.
Find a) ∆U; b) ∆H; c) ∆S. Ans. -19.68kJ; -25.7 kJ; -6.61kJ/K
3. Consider 5kg of Helium initially at 30°C, occupies 170 liters. A state change to 75°C causes an
entropy increase of 5.2 kJ/K. Determine a) final volume; b) the final pressure Ans. 227.74 L; 15.87
mPaa
4. Helium is heated at a constant volume from 350 kPaa and 38°C to 220°C. Determine the change in
specific entropy. Ans. 1.44 kJ/kg.K
5. An insulated rigid container holds helium at 150 kPaa and 30°C. If 250 KJ/kg of paddle work are
introduced to the system, determine a) the final temperature; b) the final pressure; c) the entropy
change. Ans. 110°C; 189.6 kPaa; 0.732 kJ/kg.K
6. 40 kg of air at 345 kPa is contained in a rigid vessel at a temperature of 20°C, heat is then added
until the temperature reaches 320°C. Determine a) final pressure; b) the work done; c) the heat.
Ans. 698.2; 0; 8623.2 kJ
7. An ideal gas with a molecular mass of 36 is heated at constant volume from 250°C to 485°C. If the
change in internal energy is found to be 180 kJ/kg, determine a) the change in enthalpy; b) the
change in entropy. Ans. 234.3 Kj/kg; 0.284 Kj/kg.K
8. A 40-L rigid tank contains air at 24°C and 2 bar. Paddle work is added, 0.033 kN-m torque for 120
revolutions. If 11.5 kJ of heat is rejected, determine a) final the final temperature; b) the change in
entropy of the air. Ans. 222.5°C; 0.0345 Kj/K
9. Air is cooled at a constant pressure of 1 atm from an initial d=specific volume of 1.34 m³/kg to a final
density of 1.205 kg/m³. For the process and 2.5 kg of air, find a) ∆U; b) ∆H; c) ∆S. Ans. -323.4 kJ;
-452.9 kJ; -1.2 kJ/K
10. 5 kg of a gas enters a constant pressure heat exchanger. The gas is cooled from 480°C to 180°C,
determine the entropy change if the gas is a) Helium; b) Air; c) Carbon Dioxide; d) Methane.
Ans. -13.22 kJ/K; -2.56 kJ/K; -2.15kJ/K; -5.43 kJ/K
11. An unknown ideal gas mixture is cooled at a constant pressure from 300°C to 80°C. Assuming R =
0.524 kJ/kg.K and k = 1.39, find a) the change in entropy for 2.3 moles of this gas; b) the final to
initial volume ratio of this gas. Ans. -33.1 kJ/K; 0.62
12. An unknown gas mixture cp = 0.7136 kJ/kg.K and k = 1.35 initially occupies a volume of 435 L at
atmospheric pressure and 30°C. Constant pressure heating causes the temperature of the gas to
increase to 100°C. Determine a) ∆U; b) ∆H; c) 𝑊𝑛𝑓 ; d) ∆V. Ans. 29.09 kJ; 39.28 kJ; 10.18 kJ; 100
L
13. An ideal gas with a macular mass of 45 is heated at constant pressure from 135°C to 420°C. If the
enthalpy change is 320 kJ/kg, determine, a) the change in internal energy; b) the change in entropy.
Ans. 267.3 kJ/kg; 0.595 kJ/kg.K
14. 7.2 kg/min of air is compressed isothermally from 30°C and 110 kPaa using a large water-cooled
compressor. Neglecting changes in potential and kinetic energies, determine, a) the entropy change;
b) the power required. Ans. -3.13 kJ/min.K; -15.8 kW
15. In problem 14, assume ∆P = 0 while the air velocities at entrance and exit are 60 m/s and 185 m/s,
respectively. Determine the required power. Ans. -17.64 kW
16. 12.25 kg/min if air undergoes an isothermal process from 18 bar, 212°C to 6 bar. Determine a) ∆S;
b) Q; c) 𝑊𝑛𝑓 ; d) 𝑊𝑠𝑓 if ∆P = 0; ∆K = 15 kJ/min. Ans. 3.86 kJ/min.K; 1873.81 kJ/min; 1858 kJ/min
17. A perfectly insulated piston-cylinder arrangement containing 20 L of ethane at 140 bar is supplied
with paddle work while the frictionless piston moves to a point where 𝑝2 = 120 𝑏𝑎𝑟; the process
occurring at constant temperature. Estimate a) the work done o n the piston; b) ∆U; c) ∆H; c) the
heat; d) the paddle work. Ans. 43.2 kJ; 0; 0; 0; 43.2 kJ
18. 14.5 kg/min of a gas R = 0.3 kJ/kg.K expands isothermally from 3.4 m³/kg to 14.28 m³/kg, and 100
kPaa. Find the heat and work for a) a non-flow process b) a steady flow process with 𝑣1 = 10 𝑚/𝑠
and 𝑣2 = 50 𝑚/𝑠, ∆P = 0. Ans. 29,702.4 kJ/min; 29,685 kJ/min
19. A piston-cylinder arrangement containing 2.2 kg of methane at 120 kPaa is heated at a constant
temperature of 240°C. If during the nonflow process the heat transferred in kJ is numerically equal
to half the final enthalpy, determine a) the final pressure and volume; b) the work. Ans. 15.3 kPaa,
38.3 m³; 1206.2 kJ
20. A gas is compressed isentropically. For a temperature ratio of 1.75, determine the pressure ratio for
the following gasses: a) Nitrogen; b.) Air c) Ethane. Ans. 7.12; 7.11; 34.84
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
21. A gas 𝑐𝑝 = 0.612 𝑘𝑔 . 𝐾 and 𝑐𝑣 = 0.494 𝑘𝑔 . 𝐾, undergoes an isentropic process from an initial
pressure and temperature of 118 kPaa and 27°C to a final pressure of 520 kPa. Determine a) ∆U;
b) ∆H; c) ∆𝐸𝑓 . Ans. 49.1 kJ/kg; 60.8 kJ/kg; 11.7 kJ/kg
𝑘𝐽
22. A certain gas whose 𝑐𝑝 = 1.41 𝑘𝑔 . 𝐾 undergoes an isentropic process from 1.5 kg/m³ and 270°C
to 0.65 kg/m³, 180°C. Determine a a) 𝑝1 and 𝑝2 ; b) ∆U. Ans. 204.4, 73.9 kPaa; -104.3 kJ/kg
23. 1.5 kg of nitrogen undergoes an isentropic process from 5°C to 118°C. For both nonflow and steady
𝑣 𝑝
flow processes ∆P = 0 and ∆k = 0; find a) 𝑣2; b) 𝑝2; c) ∆U; d) ∆H; e) W. Ans. 0.43; 3.31; -126.14; -
1 1
176.52 kJ
24. 35 m³/min of air flows steadily through a compressor. It undergoes an isentropic change from 32°C
and 0.85 bar to 1.7 bar. The measured changed in kinetic energy is 2.5 kJ/kg. Neglect changes in
potential energy and determine a) the change in internal energy; b) the compressor power
requirement. Ans. 1631 kJ/min; -39.5 kW
25. 1.5 kg of a certain gas undergoes a throttling process causing an entropy increase of 0.45 kJ/K. For
𝑘𝐽
the gas 𝑐𝑣 = 0.7425 and 𝑐𝑝 = 0.8574 𝑘𝑔 . 𝐾. If the final volume is 375 liters, find the initial
volume.
26. 25,500 kJ of work is required to compressed a gas reversibly during a nonflow process. If the process
is defined according to the relation 𝑝𝑉 1.35 = 𝐶, determine ∆U and Q if the gas is a) Helium; b)
Ethane. Ans. 13,416.7, -12,083.3 kJ; 47,700, 22,200 kJ
27. 1.5 kg of ammonia is politropically compressed from 1.72 bar, -18°C to 9.65 bar. For n=1.25,
determine a) 𝑡2 . Ans. 87°C
28. 2.1 kg of nitrogen expands politropically in a piston-cylinder from an initial pressure of 4,000 kPaa
and an initial volume of 0.5 m³ to a final pressure of 400 kPaa. If n = 1.6, calculate a) the system wor;
b) the heat transferred; c) the entropy change. Ans. 1,927; -971 kJ; -0.45 kJ/K
𝑘𝐽
29. 1.81 kg of a gas, 𝑐𝑝 = 1.5407 and 𝑐𝑣 = 1. .4007 𝑘𝑔 . 𝐾, undergo a polytropic process from 105
kPaa and 0.74 m³ to 980 kPaa and 157°C. For both nonflow and steady flow processes (∆P = 0 and
∆K = 0), determine a) n in 𝑝𝑉 𝑛 = 𝐶; b) ∆U, ∆H, ∆S; c) W; d) Q. Ans. 1.17; 312.78, 344.04 kJ,
0.353 kJ/K; -183.9, -215.16; 129 kJ
30. An ideal gas undergoes a nonflow polytropic process from 690 kPaa, 0.085 m³ to 138 kPaa. If 37.46
kJ of work are performed in accordance with 𝑝𝑉 𝑛 = 𝐶, find a) the value of n; b) the final volume.
Ans. 1.8; 0.208 m³