7.

0 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

BEAM 1: SEMI CIRCLE BEAM

Radius of semi-circle beam : 150 mm

Beam Dimension : 4 mm x 22.5 mm x 150 mm
Modulus of Elasticity, E : 210 Gpa (steel)
Moment of inertia, I : (0.0225) (0.0043)/12 = 1.2 x 10-10

W (N) Y Experiment (mm) Y Theory (mm) X experiment (mm) X Theory (mm)

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
5.00 0.95 1.35 0.90 1.05
10.00 2.15 2.68 1.85 2.10
15.00 3.68 4.02 2.87 3.15
17.50 4.25 4.70 3.40 3.68
20.00 4.80 5.35 4.05 4.20
Table 1: Result for Semi-circle Beam

Sample Calculation for Theory:

Apply 5N load into sample calculation:

Vertical deflections Horizontal Deflection

𝜋𝑊𝑅³ 2𝑊𝑅³
𝛿ᵥ = 𝛿ℎ =
2𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼

𝜋𝑥5𝑥0.150³ 2 𝑥 5 𝑥0.150³
𝛿ᵥ = 𝛿ℎ =
2 𝑥 210𝐺𝑝𝑎 𝑥 (1.2 x 10−10 ) 210 𝐺𝑝𝑎 𝑥 (1.2 𝑥 10−10 )

𝛿ᵥ = 1.05𝑚𝑚 𝛿ℎ = 1.35𝑚𝑚
Percentage errors:

W(N) Y Experiment Y Theory Percentage X Experiment X theory Percentage

(mm) error (%) (mm) (mm) error (%)
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 0.95 1.35 29.63 0.90 1.05 14.29
10 2.15 2.68 19.78 1.85 2.10 11.90
15 3.68 4.02 8.46 2.87 3.15 8.89
17.50 4.25 4.70 9.57 3.40 3.68 7.609
20 4.80 5.35 10.28 4.05 4.20 3.57
Table 2: Percentage error of semi-circle beam

⋂𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 − ⋂𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙
Percentage Error (% ) = x 100%
⋂𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙
Graph of the experiment results:

Horizontal and Vertical deflection against weight

6

5
Deflection (mm)

2 Horizontal deflection

1 Vertical deflection

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Weight (N)

Graph1: the graph represents experimental value of deflection of horizontal and vertical against weight
in semi-circle beam

Vertical deflection against weight

6

5
Deflection (mm)

3
Y Experimental
2 Y Theory

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Weight (N)

Graph 2: the graph represents the comparison between vertical experimental and theoretical deflection
against weight
 Horizontal deflection against weight
4.5
4
3.5
Deflection (mm)

3
2.5
2 X Experimental
1.5 X Theoritical

1
0.5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Weight (N)

Graph 3: the graph represents the comparison between horizontal experimental and theoretical
deflection against weight
BEAM 2: QUARTER CIRCLE BEAM

Radius of semi-circle beam : 150 mm

Beam Dimension : 4 mm x 22.5 mm x 150 mm
Modulus of Elasticity, E : 210 Gpa (steel)
Moment of inertia, I : (0.0225) (0.0043)/12 = 1.2 x 10-10
Length, L : 80 mm

W (N) Y Experiment (mm) Y Theory (mm) X experiment (mm) X Theory (mm)

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
5.00 0.73 0.89 0.87 1.12
10.00 1.50 1.77 1.75 2.24
15.00 2.40 2.65 2.63 3.34
17.50 2.70 3.10 3.15 3.93
20.00 3.05 3.53 4.05 4.49

Sample Calculation for theory:

Apply 5N load into sample calculation:

Vertical deflections:

𝜋𝑊𝑅 3 𝑊𝑅 2 𝐿
𝛿ᵥ = [ + ] 𝑥 1000
4𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼

𝜋 𝑥0.153 5𝑥0.152 𝑥0.08

𝛿ᵥ = [ + ] 𝑥 1000
4 𝑥 210 𝐺𝑝𝑎 𝑥 (1.2𝑥10−10 ) 2.10𝐺𝑝𝑎 𝑥 (1.2𝑥10−10 )

𝛿ᵥ = 0.89 𝑚𝑚
Horizontal deflections:

𝑊𝑅 3 𝑊𝑅𝐿 𝐿
δh =[ + (𝑅 + )] 𝑥1000
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 2

5𝑥0.153 5𝑥0.15𝑥0.08 0.08

δh =[ + (0.15 + )] 𝑥1000
210𝐺𝑝𝑎 𝑥 (1.2𝑥10−10 ) 210𝐺𝑝𝑎 𝑥 (1.2𝑥10−10 ) 2

δh = 1.12 mm

Percentage error:

W(N) Y Experiment Y Theory Percentage X experiment X Theory Percentage

(mm) (mm) error (%) (mm) (mm) error (%)
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 0.73 0.89 17.98 0.87 1.12 22.32
10 1.50 1.77 15.25 1.75 2.24 21.87
15 2.40 2.65 9.43 2.63 3.34 21.26
17.50 2.70 3.10 12.90 3.15 3.93 19.85
20 3.05 3.53 13.60 4.05 4.49 9.80

⋂𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 − ⋂𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙
Percentage Error (% ) = x 100%
⋂𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙
Graph of the experiment results:

Horizontal and Vertical deflection against weight

4.5
4
3.5
Deflection (mm)

3
2.5
2
1.5 Horizontal deflection
1
Vertical deflection
0.5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Weight (N)

Graph 4: the graph represents experimental value of deflection of horizontal and vertical against weight
in Quarter-circle beam

Vertical deflection against weight

4
3.5
3
Deflection (mm)

2.5
2
Y Experimental
1.5 Y Theory
1
0.5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Weight (N)

Graph 5: The graph represents the comparison between vertical experimental and theoretical deflection
against weight
 Horizontal deflection against weight
5
4.5
4
Deflection (mm)

3.5
3
2.5
X Experimental
2
X Theoritical
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Weight (N)

Graph 6: the graph represents the comparison between horizontal experimental and theoretical
deflection against weight