Kementerian Perhubungan

PENDIDIKAN DAN PELATIHAN AHLI KEPELABUHANAN

ANGKATAN -19

PORT INVESTMENT RELATED TO LOGISTICS SYSTEM

AND SUPLLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

PEMANDU
DR.IR.SRI RAHARDJO MPM.MBA.MM. Mphi
l
HOTEL MERCURE
JAKARTA , 12 Juli 2017
FACILITIES AND SERVICES OFFERED BY PORTS
 ECONOMIC VS COMMERCIAL
PORT INVESTMENT

PORT INVESTMENT REQUIRES :

A COMMERCIAL & AN ECONOMIC EVALUATION
INVESTMENT COST AND THE SERVICE PRICE WHICH
DETERMINES THE FINANCIAL REVENUES , ARE THE
INPUTS TO THE COMMERCIAL EVALUATION.
WHILE :
INVESTMENT COST ,THE DIRECT , INDIRECT AND
EXTERNAL EFFECTS ARE THE MAIN INPUTS TO THE
ECONOMIC EVALUATION.
(sumber : Bichou in port operation , planning and logistics )
 PORT CAPACITY

• BASED ON ENGINEERING PERSPECTIVE :

• PORT CAPACITY IS DEFINED AS THE MAXIMUM
TECHNICALLY POSSIBLE UTILIZATION RATE THAT
CAN BE ACHIEVED IN THE SHORT-RUN WITH THE
EXISTING PORT FACILITIES AND RESOURCES:
INFRASTRUCTURE, EQUIPMENT , LABOUR,
TECHNOLOGY .
• THIS DEFINITION DENOTES THE THEORETICAL OR
DESIGNED CAPACITY AS OPPOSED TO THE PRACTICAL OR
EFFECTIVE CAPACITY
• THE EFFECTIVE CAPACITY :
• THE MAXIMUM CAPACITY WHICH CAN BE ACHIEVED
AT A QUALITY OF SERVICE ACCEPTABLE TO MOST
CUSTOMERS, FOR INSTANCE BY INCORPORATING A
GENERAL TOLERABLE LEVEL OF CONGESTION.

• COMMERCIAL CAPACITY :
• THE MAXIMUM CAPACITY WHEN PORT OPERATOR
SEEKS TO PROVIDE A HIGHER OR A PARTICULAR
LEVEL OF SERVICE QUALITY TO HIS CUSTOMERS (
SHORTER TURN ROUND TIME, SHORTER DWELLING
TIME ) ETC
 ECONOMIC CAPACITY

• DEFINED AS THE CAPACITY BEYOND WHICH THE

AVERAGE OPERATING COSTS FOR PORT ACTIVITIES
AND SERVICES BEGIN TO RISE.

• INCREMENTAL CAPACITY :
• DESCRIBES SITUATIONS WHERE INCREMENTAL
PORT CAPACITY IS ADDED AT REGULAR TIME
INTERVALS.
VARIATION IN PORT DEMAND
PORT PLANNING
DETERMINANT FACTORS FOR
INVESTMENT
Sumber : BICHOU
Sumber : WORLD BANK
Source : World Bank
 JENIS PROYEK INVESTASI :

1. SOLICITED PROJECT : YAITU PELAKSANAAN PROYEK

YANG MERUPAKAN PROGRAM
PEMERINTAH YANG ITAWARKAN
KE BADAN USAHA.

2. UNSOLICITED PROJECT : YAITU PROYEK KERJASAMA

YANG INISIATOR PROYEK DARI
BADAN USAHA BUKAN
MERUPAKAN PROGRAM
PEMERINTAH.
•
• DIFINISI PROYEK INVESTASI
MENURUT HANS ADLER :(1)
INVESTASI MINIMUM YANG SECARA
ENGINEERING , ECONOMY ,
FINANCIAL DAN SOCIAL
ENVIRONMENT LAYAK UNTUK
DILAKSANAKAN .
(1) Appraisal of transport project
PORT PRICES AND THE NATIONAL INTEREST
 FULL PROJECT PROPOSAL
I. SUMMARY
II. BACKGROUND
III. EXISTING FACILITIES
IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
V. ENGINEERING EVALUATION
VI. ECONOMIC EVALUATION
VII.FINANCIAL EVALUATION
ECONOMIC vs FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY IN
THE PORT SECTOR INVESTMENT

ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY RELATED TO THE SOCIAL

ASPECT , ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE PORT
HINTERLAND OR GROWTH AS WHOLE .
PORT IS PUBLIC DOMAIN , MANAGE BY GOVERNMENT.
WHILE :
FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY RELATED TO THE COMMERCIAL
ASPECT FOR TERMINAL OPERATOR IN THEIR CAPACITY
AS INVESTOR .
TERMINAL IS PRIVATE DOMAIN MANAGE BY PRIVATE ,
OPERATION UNDER COMMERCIAL LAW.
 PRECISE TIME FOR PORT
INVESTMENT
WHILE THE FACT THAT DISCOUNTED BENEFITS ARE
LARGER THAN DISCOUNTED COSTS INDICATES THAT A
PROJECT IS JUSTIFIED , IT DOES NOT NECESSARILY
INDICATE THAT THE PROJECT SHOULD BE STARTED AT
ONCE.
THE PROPER TIMING OF A PROJECT REQUIRES THAT
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DISCOUNTED BENEFITS
AND DISCOUNTED COSTS BE AT A MINIMUM. THE LOSS
OF BENEFITS FROM POSTPONEMENT SHOULD BE
EQUAL TO THE REDUCTION IN COSTS AT THE
ACCEPTABLE DISCOUNT RATE . IF THE COST SAVING ARE
LARGER THAN THE LOSS OF BENEFITS , THE PROJECT
SHOULD BE POSTPONED FURTHER .
 Pengertian Supply Chain Managment
Definisi Supply Chain Management menurut Martin
Christopher dalam bukunya yang berjudul Logistics and Supply
Chain Management adalah : "The management of upstream and
downstream relationship with supplier and customers to deliver
superior customer value a less cost to the supply chain as a
whole." (Christopher. 2005: 5).
Business logistics management is now popularly referred to
as supply chain management. Others have used terms such as
value nets, value stream, and lean logistics to describe a similar
scope and purpose.
The supply chain (SC) encompasses all activities associated
with the flow and transformation of goods from the raw materials
stage (extraction), through to the end user, as well as the
associated information flows. Materials and information flow both
up and down the supply chain.
 The Council of Logistics Management
Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans,
implements, and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of
goods, services, and related information from the point of origin to the
point of consumption in order to meet customers requirement,
(www.clml.org)

Logistik pada dasarnya berfungsi sebagai suatu sistem yang menyatukan

berbagai komponen seperti aliran informasi, mulai dari supplier
(pemesanan dan pengiriman), informasi dalam proses produksi
(persediaan) atau dalam jasa aliran informasi dalam perusahaan
(koordinasi), sampai pada informasi pada konsumen (distribusi baik barang
maupun jasa).
NEXT PELABUHAN GENERASI KE 4 ??
APA PERAN NYA ITU ??

LOGISTIC CENTRE !
 KINERJA LOGISTIK NASIONAL SECARA UMUM
Logistics Performance Index (LPI) yang dikeluarkan Bank
Dunia, yang menilai kinerja sektor logistik negara-negara di
dunia berdasarkan persepsi dari pelaku usaha. LPI terdiri
dari 7 (tujuh) komponen pengukuran, yaitu :
(1) Kepabeanan (custom),
(2) Infrastruktur (infrastructure),
(3) Kemudahan mengatur pengapalan internasional
international shipment),
(4) Kompetensi (competence) logistik dari pelaku dan
penyedia jasa lokal,
(5) Pelacakan (tracking dan tracing),
(6) Biaya logistik dalam negeri (domestic logistics cost), dan
(7) Waktu antar (delivery time lines).
 LOKASI INVESTASI PROYEK PENGEMBANGAN

 1. BROWN FIELD AREA

 2. GREEN FIELD AREA

 3. BLUE SEA AREA / ZONE

LOGISTIC COST AS DETERMINISTIC
FACTOR IN THE INVESTMENT AND
DEVELOPMENT OF CONTAINER
TERMINAL
 DISTRIBUTION COST

Sumber : UNTACD
THE BENEFITS OF CARGO HANDLING
PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT

1. Lower unit handling costs in port;

2. Reduced Maritime Transport costs;

3. Reduced total Distribution Costs;

4. Lower import costs;

5. Increased export earnings;

6. Greater profits for the port and its customers.

Sumber : BICHOU
Sumber : BICHOU
Sumber : BICHOU
 LOGISTICS AVTIVITIES IN A FIRM’S
IMMEDIATE SUPPLY CHAIN

Sumber : Ronald H. Ballou

Sumber : BICHOU
Sumber : BICHOU
LIMITATION ON VEHICLE ACCESS TO QUAY
 THE EFFECT OF INTRODUCING
INTERMEDIATE DEPOTS

Sumber : UNITED NATIONS

 COMBINATED ROAD-RAIL DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

Sumber : UNITED NATIONS

 COMPARASION OF LOCATING CONTAINER FREIGHT
STATION WITHIN PORT OR OUTSIDE IT

Sumber : UNITED NATIONS

 FACTOR CONTRIBUTION TO DWELLING TIME
AND LOGISTIC COST

TIME FOR DOCUMENTS TO BE LODGED WITH CUSTOMS

TIME FOR IMPORT LICENCES TO BE ISSUED
TIME FOR DOCUMENTS TO BE PROCESSD BY CUSTOMS
TIME FOR CUSTOMS TO INSPECT THE CONTENT OF CONT
TIME FOR THE CONSIGNEE TO BE CONTACTED
TIME FOR CONSIGNEE TO ORGANIZE TRANSPORT
TIME SPENT AWAITING ARRIVAL OF TRANSPORT

Sumber : UNTACD
 THE PAY-BACK PERIOD APPROACH
Accumulated cost / incomes

Operating
Cost

Initial
Cost

Installation period Pay-back period Time

Trade-Offs Biaya dalam Pemasaran dan Logistik
Cost Savings :
No PORT NAME BEFORE AFTER SAVING

1 Tj. Priok – Sorong US$ US$ 375 US$

2.000 1.625

2 Tj. Priok – US$ 400 US$ 275 US$ 125

Belawan

3 Tj. Priok – Tj. US$ 300 US$ 125 US$ 225

Perak
  MAXIMUM BERTH OCCUPANCY RATIO
TERKAIT LOGISTIC COST

SUMBER : UNCTAD
 BIAYA LOGISTIK INDONESIA DIBANDINGKAN
NEGARA-NEGARA MAJU
% Biaya Logistik % Biaya Logistik terhadap
Negara
terhadap PDB Biaya Penjualan

Amerika Serikat 9,9% 9,4%

Jepang 10,6% 5,9%

Korea Selatan 16,3% 12,5%

Indonesia 27% *)

Pusat Pengkajian Logistik dan Rantai Pasok ITB

MARITIME LOGISTICS VS MARITIME TRANSPORTATION
MARITIME LOGISTICS VS MARITIME TRANSPORTATION
(Continued)
MEASUREMENT OF EFFECIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS
IN TRANSPORT LOGISTICS
PORTOFOLIO OF INTEGRATED SERVICE FOR
A SHIPPING COMPANY
 PORT – CENTRIC LOGISTIC IN PRACTICE

During the last decade many UK ports have altered their strategies toward the
provision of PCL services. Based on the offerings of each port the fol lowing list of
PCL services has been created:
• custom clearance and inspection facilities;
• freight forwarding services;
• state-of-the-art warehousing and warehousing managing systems;
• multi-user warehouses with leasing opportunities;
• packing, relabelling and light manufacturing services;
• cross docking - transhipment;
• inland distribution and cargo tracking;
• multimodal connections (rail, barge, short sea shipping, road);
• hazardous goods specialized services;
• supply chain management;
• ancillary services and container repair and maintenance.
DAILY COSTS IN PORT AND
AT SEA FOR VESSELS
OF BETWEEN 100 TEU &
3000 TEU ( US SS)
DIVERSIONS OF 500 NAUTICAL MILES FOR 500 CONTAINERS
 LANDED COST

Sumber : Thomas A. Cook

 LOGISTIC COST
Shippers seek to minimise total logistics costs (TLC) per shipment by minimizing
transport costs (TC) and inventory carrying costs (/C) associated with mode and
port choice. A simplified model to calculate TLC can be expressed as follows :

TLC = TC + (PV * VTT * IC)

where:
TLC : total logistics cost per shipment
TC : f ( * d) (,): Transport Cost per shipment, which is a function of the
freight rate (a), the distance (<2), and the shipment size (expressed as
the product of weight  and volume  or as the standard load unit such
as TEU)
PV : Value of product per load or shipment size
VTT : Value of transit time, which can be expressed either as the expected
transit time per shipment or as a saving ratio of freight rates,
IC : f (PV * ): Inventory carrying cost per shipment, which is a function of
PV and the inventory carrying charge  (opportunity cost or interest
typically expressed as a percentage of the total value of the product).
 STRUKTUR BIAYA DI PELABUHAN TANJUNGPRIOK
PER KONTAINER SURVEI TAHUN 2005
Tarif Resmi (Legal) Tarif Tambahan (Ilegal)
No. Pos Biaya (dalam rupiah)
20 Kaki 40 Kaki 20 Kaki 40 Kaki
Impor
1. Menurunkan kontainer isi 31.500 48.500 - -
2. Penumpukan container 5.000 10.000 - -
3. Menaikan kontainer kosong 22.000 35.000 - -
4. Biaya pembersihan kontainer 17.500 250.000 - -
5. Jasa kepengurusan EMKL 200.000 250.000 - -
6. EDI Shop/disket 75.000 75.000 - -
7. Ambil D/O di pelayaran 20.000 20.000 - -
8. Jaminan container 250.000 500.000 - -
9. Terminal Handling Charge (THC) 93 dollar AS 130 dollar AS 57 dollar AS 100 dollar AS
(855.600) (1.196.000) (524.400) (920.000)
10. Biaya dokumen (D/O fee) - - 30 dollar AS 30 dollar AS
(276.000) (276.000)
11. Biaya ekstra di depo untuk operator Forklift dan Suveyor Container - - 7.500 7.500
12. Pengawalan barang/insentif petugas lapangan - - 75.000 100.000
13. Kelancaran pengurusan PIB - - 75.000 75.000
14. Biaya ekstra untuk petugas pintu Bea Cukai - - 2.000 2.000
15. Fee untuk lift off container di pelabuhan /UTPK - - 2.000 2.000
16. Fiat dokumen PEB di hanggar Bea Cukai - - 15.000 15.000
Total Biaya 1.476.600 2.384.500 976.900 1.379.500
Ekspor
1. Menurunkan kontainer kosong 22.500 35.000 - -
2. Penumpukan container 80.500 145.500 - -
3. Menaikkan kontainer isi 31.000 48.500 - -
4. Terminal Handling Charge (THC) 93 dollar AS 130 dollar AS 57 dollar AS 100 dollar AS
(855.600) (1.196.000) (524.400) (920.000)
5. Biaya dokumen (B/L Fee) - - 30 dollar AS 30 dollar AS
(276.000) (276.000)
6. Fuel Adjustment Factor (FAF) - - 15 dollar AS 30 dollar AS
(138.000) (276.000)
7. Biaya ekstra di depo untuk operator Forklift dan surveyor Container- - - 75.000 75.000
8. Pengawalan barang/insentif petugas lapangan - - 75.000 100.000
9. Bikin kartu ekspor/kartu kuning - - 2.000 2.000
10. Fiat dokumen PEB di pintu Bea Cukai - - 5.000 5.000
11. Fee untuk lift on container di pelabuhan/ UTPK - - 2.000 2.000
12. Fiat dokumen PEB di hanggar Bea Cukai - - 15.000 15.000
Total Biaya 989.600 1.425.000 1.044.900 1.603.500

Sumber :Survei API DKI, API Jawa Barat dan API Jawa Tengah (Diolah Sekretariat BPN API) dalam Shipping 2005.