Ee 2005

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EE

2005
Q.1 - 30 Carry One Mark Each

Q. 1 In the figure given below the value of R is
et
.n
ng
(A) 2.5 W
(C) 7.5 W
er (B) 5.0 W
(D) 10.0 W
Sol. 1
ne
The Correct option is (C).
i
Current in the circuit
g I = 100 =8 A (given)
n
R + (10 || 10)
100 = 8
&
ye R+5
R = 60 = 7.5 W
Or
as 8
The RMS value of the voltage u (t)= 3 + 4 cos (3t) is
.E
Q. 2
(A) 17 V (B) 5 V
(C) 7 V
w (D) (3 + 2 2 ) V
Sol. 2
w
Rms value is given as
(4) 2
w mrms =
2
32 +
= 9 + 8 = 17 V
Hence (A) is correct option.
Q. 3 For the two port network shown in the figure the Z -matrix is given by
Z1 Z1 + Z2 Z1 Z1
(A) =
Z2 G
(B) =
Z1 + Z2 Z1 + Z2 Z2 G
Z1 Z2 Z1 Z1
(C) =
Z2 Z1 + Z2 G
(D) =
Z1 Z1 + Z2 G
Sol. 3 By writing KVL in input and output loops
V1 - (i1 + i2) Z1 = 0
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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EE 2005
V1 = Z1 i1 + Z1 i2 ...(1)
Similarly
V2 - i2 Z2 - (i1 + i2) Z1 = 0
V2 = Z1 i1 + (Z1 + Z2) i2 ...(2)
From equation (1) and (2) Z -matrix is given as
Z1 Z1
Z =>
Z1 Z1 + Z2H
Q. 4
et
Hence (D) is correct option.
In the figure given, for the initial capacitor voltage is zero. The switch is closed
.n
at t = 0 . The final steady-state voltage across the capacitor is
ng
ri
ee
(A) 20 V
in (B) 10 V
(C) 5 V
ng (D) 0 V
Sol. 4
ye
In final steady state the capacitor will be completely charged and behaves as an
open circuit
as
.E
w
Steady state voltage across capacitor
w vc (3) = 20 (10)
10 + 10
w = 10 V
Hence (B) is correct option.
Q. 5 If Ev is the electric intensity, 4 (4 # Ev) is equal to
(A) Ev (B) Ev
(C) null vector (D) Zero
Sol. 5 We know that divergence of the curl of any vector field is zero
4 (4 # E) = 0
Q. 6 A system with zero initial conditions has the closed loop transfer function.
T (s) = s2 + 4
(s + 1) (s + 4)
The system output is zero at the frequency
(A) 0.5 rad/sec (B) 1 rad/sec
(C) 2 rad/sec (D) 4 rad/sec
Sol. 6 Closed loop transfer function of the given system is,
T (s) = s2 + 4
(s + 1) (s + 4)

(jw) 2 + 4
T (jw) =
(jw + 1) (jw + 4)
If system output is zero
4 - w2
T (jw) = =0
^ jw + 1h (jw + 4)
4 - w2 = 0
w2 = 4
& w = 2 rad/sec
Hence (C) is correct option.
Q. 7
et
Figure shows the root locus plot (location of poles not given) of a third order
system whose open loop transfer function is
.n
ng
ri
ee
in
(A) K3 ng K
s
ye (B)
s2 (s + 1)
(C)
s
K
s (s2 + 1)
a
(D) K
s (s2 - 1)
.E
Sol. 7 From the given plot we can see that centroid C (point of intersection) where
asymptotes intersect on real axis) is 0
w
So for option (a)
w G (s) = K3
s
w / /
Centroid =
Poles - Zeros 0 - 0
n-m
=
3-0
=0
Q. 8 The gain margin of a unity feed back control system with the open loop transfer
function
(s + 1)
G (s) = is
s2
(A) 0 (B) 1
2
(C) 2 (D) 3
Sol. 8 Open loop transfer function is.
(s + 1)
G (s) =
s2
jw + 1
G (jw) =
- w2
Phase crossover frequency can be calculated as.
+G (jwp) =- 180c

tan-1 (wp) =- 180c

wp = 0
Gain margin of the system is.
G.M = 1 = 1
G (jwp) 2
w +1
p
w2p
w2p
G.M = =0
et
w2p + 1
Q. 9
.n
In the matrix equation Px = q , which of the following is a necessary condition
ng
for the existence of at least on solution for the unknown vector x
(A) Augmented matrix [Pq] must have the same rank as matrix P
ri
(B) Vector q must have only non-zero elements
ee
(C) Matrix P must be singular
(D) Matrix P must be square
Sol. 9
in
The Correct option is (D).
ng
For two random events conditional probability is given by
probability (P + Q) = probability (P) probability (Q)
ye
probability (Q) =
probability (P + Q)
probability (P)
#1
s
so probability (P + Q) # probability (P)
a
.E
Q. 10 If P and Q are two random events, then the following is TRUE
(A) Independence of P and Q implies that probability (P + Q) = 0
w
(B) Probability (P , Q) $ Probability (P) + Probability (Q)
w
(C) If P and Q are mutually exclusive, then they must be independent
(D) Probability (P + Q) # Probability (P)
Sol. 10 w
Option (D) is correct.
for two random events conditional probability is given by
probability (P + Q) = probability (P) probability (Q)
probability (P + Q)
probability (Q) = #1
probability (P)
so probability (P + Q) # probability (P)
#1
3 -3
Q. 11 If S = x dx , then S has the value
(A) - 1 (B) 1
3 4
(C) 1 (D) 1
2
Sol. 11 Hence (C) is correct option
S = # 3 x- 3 dx
1
-2 3
= :x D
-2 1
=1
2

Q. 12 The solution of the first order differential equation x' (t) =- 3x (t), x (0) = x0 is
(A) x (t) = x0 e - 3t (B) x (t) = x0 e - 3
(C) x (t) = x0 e - 1/3 (D) x (t) = x0 e - 1

Sol. 12 Hence (A) is correct option.
We have xo(t) =- 3x (t)
or xo(t) + 3x (t) = 0
A.E. D+3 = 0
Thus solution is x (t) = C1 e- 3t
From x (0) = x 0 we get C1 = x 0
Thus
et
x (t) = x 0 e- 3t
Q. 13
.n
The equivalent circuit of a transformer has leakage reactances X1, X'2 and
magnetizing reactance XM . Their magnitudes satisfy
(A) X1 >> X'2 >> XM
ng (B) X1 << X'2 << XM
(C) X1 . X'2 >> XM

ri (D) X1 . X'2 << XM
Sol. 13
ee
in
The leakage reactances X1 , and X2l are equal and magnetizing reactance Xm is
higher than X1 , and X2l
ng X1 . X2l << Xm
e
Q. 14 Which three-phase connection can be used in a transformer to introduce a
sy
phase difference of 30c between its output and corresponding input line voltages
(A) Star-Star (B) Star-Delta
a
(C) Delta-Delta (D) Delta-Zigzag
Sol. 14
.E
The Correct option is (B).
Three phase star delta connection of transformer induces a phase difference of 30c
w
between output and input line voltage.
Q. 15
w
On the torque/speed curve of the induction motor shown in the figure
w
four points of operation are marked as W, X, Y and Z. Which one of them
represents the operation at a slip greater than 1 ?
(A) W (B) X
(C) Y (D) Z
Sol. 15 The Correct option is (A).
Given torque/speed curve of the induction motor

When the speed of the motor is in forward direction then slip varies from 0 to 1
et
but when speed of motor is in reverse direction or negative then slip is greater
then 1. So at point W slip is greater than 1.
Q. 16
.n
For an induction motor, operation at a slip s , the ration of gross power output
g
to air gap power is equal to
(A) (1 - s) 2
n
(B) (1 - s)
(C) (1 - s)
ri (D) (1 - s)
Sol. 16
ee
For an induction motor the ratio of gross power output to air-gap is equal to
(1 - s)
in
g
gross power
So = (1 - s)
airgap power
Q. 17
en
The p.u. parameter for a 500 MVA machine on its own base are:
sy
inertia, M = 20 p.u. ; reactance, X = 2 p.u.
The p.u. values of inertia and reactance on 100 MVA common base, respectively,
are
a
.E
(A) 4, 0.4 (B) 100, 10
(C) 4, 10 (D) 100, 0.4
Sol. 17 w
w
Given that pu parameters of 500 MVA machine are as following
w M = 20 pu, X = 2 pu
Now value of M and X at 100 MVA base are
for inertia (M)
(pu) new = (pu) old # old MVA
new MVA
(M pu) new = (M Pu) old # 500
100
5
= 20 # = 100 pu
1
and for reactance (X )
(pu) new = (pu) old # new MVA
old MVA
(X pu) new = (X pu) old # 100
500
1
(X Pu) new = 2 # = 0.4 pu
5
Q. 18 An 800 kV transmission line has a maximum power transfer capacity of P . If it
is operated at 400 kV with the series reactance unchanged, the new maximum
power transfer capacity is approximately
(A) P (B) 2P
(C) P/2 (D) P/4

Sol. 18 The Correct option is (D).

800 kV has Power transfer capacity = P
At 400 kV Power transfer capacity = ?
We know Power transfer capacity
P = EV sin d
X
P \ V2
So if V is half than Power transfer capacity is 1 of previous value.
4
Q. 19 The insulation strength of an EHV transmission line is mainly governed by
(A) load power factor (B) switching over-voltages
(C) harmonics
et (D) corona
Sol. 19
.n
In EHV lines the insulation strength of line is governed by the switching over
voltages.
ng
Q. 20
ri
High Voltage DC (HVDC) transmission is mainly used for
(A) bulk power transmission over very long distances
ee
(C) inter-connecting two systems with same nominal frequency
in
(C) eliminating reactive power requirement in the operation
(D) minimizing harmonics at the converter stations
Sol. 20
ng
The Correct option is (A).
ye
For bulk power transmission over very long distance HVDC transmission
preferably used.
Q. 21
s
The Q-meter works on the principle of
a
(A) mutual inductance (B) self inductance
.E
(C) series resonance (D) parallel resonance
Sol. 21
w
w
Q-meter works on the principle of series resonance.
w
At resonance VC = VL
and I = V
R
Quality factor Q = wL = 1
R wCR
Q= w L # = VL = VC
I
R#I E E
Thus, we can obtain Q.
Q. 22 A PMMC voltmeter is connected across a series combination of DC voltage
source V1 = 2 V and AC voltage source V2 (t) = 3 sin (4t) V. The meter reads
(A) 2 V (B) 5 V
(C) (2 + 3 /2) V (D) ( 17 /2) V


PMMC instruments reads DC value only so it reads 2 V.
Q. 23 Assume that D1 and D2 in figure are ideal diodes. The value of current is
et
.n
ng
(A) 0 mA
(B) 0.5 mA
ri
(C) 1 mA
(D) 2 mA ee
in
g
Sol. 23
From the circuit we can observe that Diode D1 must be in forward bias (since
n
current is flowing through diode).
e
y
Let assume that D2 is in reverse bias, so equivalent circuit is.
as
.E
w
w
w
Voltage Vn is given by
Vn = 1 # 2 = 2 Volt
Vp = 0
Vn > Vp (so diode is in reverse bias, assumption is true)
Current through D2 is
ID2 = 0
Q. 24 The 8085 assembly language instruction that stores the content of H and L
register into the memory locations 2050H and 2051H , respectively is
(A) SPHL 2050H
(B) SPHL 2051H
(C) SHLD 2050H
(D) STAX 2050H
Sol. 24 The Correct option is (C).
SHLD transfers contain of HL pair to memory location.
SHLD 2050 & L " M [2050H]
H " M [2051H]

Q. 25 Assume that the N-channel MOSFET shown in the figure is ideal, and that its
threshold voltage is + 1.0 V the voltage Vab between nodes a and b is
(A) 5 V (B) 2 V
Sol. 25
(C) 1 V
et
(D) 0 V
.n
This is a N-channel MOSFET with
ng
VGS = 2 V
VTH =+ 1 V
ri
VDS(sat) = VGS - VTH
VDS(sat) = 2 - 1 = 1 V
ee
Due to 10 V source VDS > VDS(sat) so the NMOS goes in saturation, channel
conductivity is high and a high current flows through drain to source and it acts
in
as a short circuit.
Q. 26
So,
ngVab = 0
The digital circuit shown in the figure works as
ye
as
.E
w
(A) JK flip-flop (B) Clocked RS flip-flop
w
(C) T flip-flop (D) Ring counter
w
Let the present state is Q(t), so input to D-flip flop is given by,
D = Q (t) 5 X
Next state can be obtained as,
Q (t + 1) = D
Q (t + 1) = Q (t) 5 X
Q (t + 1) = Q (t) X + Q (t) X
Q (t + 1) = Q (t), if X = 1
and Q (t + 1) = Q (t), if X = 0
So the circuit behaves as a T flip flop.
Q. 27 A digital-to-analog converter with a full-scale output voltage of 3.5 V has a
resolution close to 14 mV. Its bit size is
(A) 4 (B) 8
(C) 16 (D) 32
Sol. 27 The Correct option is (B).
Vfs
Resolution of n-bit DAC =
2n - 1

So 14 mv = 3.5 V
2n - 1
2n - 1 = 3.5
14 # 10- 3
2n - 1 = 250
2n = 251
n = 8 bit
Q. 28
best approximated by
et
The conduction loss versus device current characteristic of a power MOSFET is
(A) a parabola
(B) a straight line .n
ng
(C) a rectangular hyperbola
ri
(D) an exponentially decaying function
Sol. 28
ee
The conduction loss v/s MOSFET current characteristics of a power MOSFET is
in
best approximated by a parabola.
Q. 29
ng
A three-phase diode bridge rectifier is fed from a 400 V RMS, 50 Hz, three-
phase AC source. If the load is purely resistive, then peak instantaneous output
(A) 400 V
ye
voltage is equal to
(B) 400 2 V
(C) 400 2 V
as3
(D) 400 V
3
.E
In a 3-f bridge rectifier
w Vrms = 400 V , f = 50 Hz
w
This is purely resistive then
instantaneous voltage V0 = 2 Vrms = 400 2 V
Q. 30 w
The output voltage waveform of a three-phase square-wave inverter contains
(A) only even harmonics (B) both odd and even harmonic
(C) only odd harmonics (D) only triple harmonics
A 3-f square wave (symmetrical) inverter contains only odd harmonics.
Q.31 - 80 Carry Two Marks Each

Q. 31 The RL circuit of the figure is fed from a constant magnitude, variable
frequency sinusoidal voltage source Vin . At 100 Hz, the Rand L elements each
have a voltage drop mRMS .If the frequency of the source is changed to 50 Hz,
then new voltage drop across R is

(A) 5u (B) 2u
8 RMS 3 RMS
(C) 8u (D) 3u
5 RMS 2 RMS
At f1 = 100 Hz, voltage drop across R and L is mRMS
V (jw L)
mRMS = Vin .R = in 1
R + jw1 L R + jw1 L
So, R = w1 L
at f2 = 50 Hz, voltage drop across R
mRMS et
mlRMS = Vin .R
R + jw2 L
R + jw2 L
mlRMS
=
.n
R + jw1 L
=
ng R2 + w22 L2
R2 + w12 L2
ri
= w12 L2 + w22 L2 , R = w L
w12 L2 + w12 L2
1
ee =
2
w1 + w2 =
2w12
2 2
f1 + f 2
2f 12
2
in =
2
(100) + (50) 2
= 5
g 2 (100) 2 8
nmlRMS = 8 m
5 RMS
Q. 32
is given by
ye
For the three-phase circuit shown in the figure the ratio of the currents IR: IY : IB
as
.E
w
w
w
(A) 1 : 1 : 3 (B) 1 : 1 : 2
(C) 1 : 1 : 0 (D) 1 : 1 : 3/2
In the circuit
I B = IR +0c + Iy +120c
I B2 = I R2 + I y2 + 2IR Iy cos b 120c l

2
2 2 2
I B = I R + I y + I R Iy
a I R = Iy
so, I B2 = I R2 + I R2 + I R2 = 3I R2
IB = 3 IR = 3 Iy
IR: Iy: IB = 1: 1: 3

Q. 33 For the triangular wave from shown in the figure, the RMS value of the voltage
is equal to
(A) 1
6
et (B) 1
3
(C) 1
3 .n (D) 2
3
ng
RMS value is given by
# ri 1 T
Where
Vrms =
ee T
2
0
V2 (t) dt
* in
V (t) =
` T j t, 0 # t # 2
ng 0, T <t#T
T /2
2
e
T
1 V 2 (t) dt = 1 = 2t 2 dt + T (0) dt
So # T 0
# # T 0 ` Tj G
y#
T /2
T /2
a s = 1 $ 42
T T 0
3 T /2
= 43 ; t E
t2 dt
.E T 3 0
= 43 # T
3
w T
1
24
w =
6
Q. 34
w Vrms = 1 V
6
The circuit shown in the figure is in steady state, when the switch is closed at
t = 0 .Assuming that the inductance is ideal, the current through the inductor at
t = 0+ equals
(A) 0 A (B) 0.5 A

(C) 1 A (D) 2 A
Switch was opened before t = 0 , so current in inductor for t < 0

iL (0-) = 10 = 1 A
10
Inductor current does not change simultaneously so at t = 0 when switch is
closed current remains same
iL (0+) = iL (0-) = 1 A
Q. 35 The charge distribution in a metal-dielectric-semiconductor specimen is
shown in the figure. The negative charge density decreases linearly in the
semiconductor as shown. The electric field distribution is as shown in
et
.n
ng
ri
ee
in
ng
ye
as
.E
w
w
w
Electric field inside a conductor (metal) is zero. In dielectric charge distribution
os constant so electric field remains constant from x1 to x2 . In semiconductor
electric field varies linearly with charge density.
Q. 36 In the given figure, the Thevenin’s equivalent pair (voltage, impedance), as seen
at the terminals P-Q, is given by
(A) (2 V, 5 W) (B) (2 V, 7.5 W)

(C) (4 V, 5 W) (D) (4 V, 7.5 W)


Thevenin voltage:
nodal analysis at P
et
Vth - 4 + Vth = 0
.n 10 10
g
2Vth - 4 = 0
&
in Vth = 2 V
r
Thevenin resistance:
e
ne
gi
en
sy Rth = 10 W || 10 W = 5 W
a
A unity feedback system, having an open loop gain
Q. 37
K (1 - s)
.E
G (s) H (s) = ,
(1 + s)
w
becomes stable when
(A)
(B)w K >1
K>1
w
(C)
(D)
K <1
K <-1
Sol. 37 Characteristic equation for the given system
1 + G (s) H (s) = 0
(1 - s)
1+K =0
(1 + s)
(1 + s) + K (1 - s) = 0
s (1 - K) + (1 + K) = 0
For the system to be stable, coefficient of characteristic equation should be of

same sign.
1 - K > 0, K + 1 > 0
K < 1, K > - 1
-1 < K < 1
K <1
Hence (C) is correct option

Q. 38 When subject to a unit step input, the closed loop control system shown in the
figure will have a steady state error of
(A) - 1.0 (B) - 0.5

(C) 0 (D) 0.5
t
Sol. 38 In the given block diagram
ne
g.
in
er
Steady state error is given as
ess = lim sE (s)
e
s"0
in E (s) = R (s) - Y (s)

Y (s) can be written as
ng Y (s) = :"R (s) - Y (s), 3 - R (s)D 2

s s+2
ye Y (s) = R (s) ; 6 - 2 - Y (s) ; 6 E

s (s + 2) s + 2 E s (s + 2)
s
Y (s) ;1 +
a
6
s (s + 2)E
= R (s) ; 6 - 2s
s (s + 2)E
(6 - 2s)
.E
Y (s) = R (s) 2
(s + 2s + 6)
(6 - 2s)
So,
w E (s) = R (s) - 2
(s + 2s + 6)
R (s)
w 2
E (s) = R (s) ; 2 s + 4s E
s + 2s + 6
w
For unit step input R (s) = 1
s
Steady state error ess = lim sE (s)
s"0
(s2 + 4s)
ess = lim =s 1 2
s"0 s (s + 2s + 6)G
=0
Q. 39 In the G (s) H (s)-plane, the Nyquist plot of the loop transfer function
G (s) H (s) = pes passes through the negative real axis at the point
- 0.25s
(A) (- 0.25, j0) (B) (- 0.5, j0)

(C) 0 (D) 0.5
Sol. 39 When it passes through negative real axis at that point phase angle is - 180c.
So +G (jw) H (jw) =- 180c
- 0.25jw - p =- p
2

- 0.25jw =- p
2
j0.25w = p
2
jw= p
2 # 0.25
s = jw = 2p
t
Put s = 2p in given open loop transfer function we get
e
G (s) H (s) s = 2p = pe
- 0.25 # 2p
2p
=- 0.5
.n
So it passes through (- 0.5, j0)
g
n
Q. 40
ri
If the compensated system shown in the figure has a phase margin of 60c at the
crossover frequency of 1 rad/sec, then value of the gain K is
ee
in
(A) 0.366
ng (B) 0.732
(C) 1.366
ye (D) 2.738
Sol. 40
as
Open loop transfer function of the system is given by.
G (s) H (s) = (K + 0.366s) ; 1 E
.E
s (s + 1)
w
K + j0.366w
G (jw) H (jw) =
jw (jw + 1)
w
Phase margin of the system is given as
w fPM = 60c = 180c + +G (jwg) H (jwg)
Where wg " gain cross over frequency = 1 rad/sec

So,
0.366wg
60c = 180c + tan- 1 b
K l
- 90c - tan- 1 (wg)
= 90c + tan- 1 b 0.366 l - tan- 1 (1)

K
= 90c - 45c + tan- 1 b 0.366 l

K
15c = tan- 1 b 0.366 l

K
0.366 = tan 15c
K
K = 0.366 = 1.366
0.267

R V
S3 - 2 2 W
Q. 41 For the matrix p = S0 - 2 1 W, one of the eigen values is equal to - 2
SS0 0 1 WW
Which of the following T is anXeigen vector ?
R V R V
S3 W S- 3 W
(A) S- 2 W (B) S 2 W
SS 1 WW SS- 1WW
RT VX TR2 V X
S1 W S W
(C) S- 2 W (D) S5 W
SS 3 WW SS0 WW
t
T X T X
Sol. 41 Hence (D) is correct option.
For eigen value
ne l =- 2
S
S 0
g.
R3 - (- 2) -2
- 2 - (- 2)
2
1
V Rx V R0V
W S 1W S W
W Sx2W = S0W
S
in
0 0 1 - (- 2) Sx 3W S0W
W
T
er R5 - 2 2VX TRx VX RT0VX

S W S 1W S W
S0 0 1W Sx2W = S0W
ne S0 0 1W Sx W S0W
T
3
X T X T X
gi
Only option (D) satisfies this equation
5x1 - 2x2 + x 3 = 0
Q. 42
R
n
S1 0 - 1W
e
V
If R = S2 1 - 1W, then top row of R - 1 is
sy
SS2 3 2 WW
(A) 85 T6 4B X (B) 85 - 3 1B
a
(C) 82 0 - 1B (D) 82 - 1 1/2B
Sol. 42
.E
w C11 = 2 - (- 3) = 5
w C21 =- (0 - (- 3)) =- 3
C 31 = (- (- 1)) = 1
w R = (1) C11 + 2C21 + 2C 31
= 5-6+2 = 1
Q. 43 A fair coin is tossed three times in succession. If the first toss produces a head,
then the probability of getting exactly two heads in three tosses is
(A) 1 (B) 1
8 2
(C) 3 (D) 3
8 4
Sol. 43 If the toss produces head, then for exactly two head in three tosses three tosses
there must produce one head in next two tosses. The probability of one head in
two tosses will be 1/2.
Q. 44 For the function f (x) = x2 e - x , the maximum occurs when x is equal to
(A) 2 (B) 1
(C) 0 (D) - 1

Sol. 44 Hence (A) is correct option.

We have f (x) = x2 e- x
or f' (x) = 2xe- x - x2 e- x
= xe- x (2 - x)
f'' (x) = (x2 - 4x + 2) e- x
Now for maxima and minima, f' (x) = 0
xe- x (2 - x) = 0
or
et x = 0, 2
at x = 0
at x = 2 .n f'' (0) = 1 (+ ve)
f'' (2) =- 2e- 2 (- ve)
g -2
Now f'' (0) = 1 and f'' (2) =- 2e < 0 . Thus x = 2 is point of maxima
n
Q. 45
ri 2 y2
For the scalar field u = x + , magnitude of the gradient at the point (1, 3) is
e
2 3
(A) 13 (B) 9
9
ne (D) 9
2
Sol. 45
(C) 5
gi
2
en
4 u = cti 2 + tj 2 m u
2x 2y
sy = ti2u + tj2u
2x 2y
a 2
= xti + ytj
.E
3
4 u = x2 + b 2 y l
2
At (1, 3) magnitude is
3
w = 1+4
w = 5
Q. 46 w
For the equation x'' (t) + 3x' (t) + 2x (t) = 5 ,the solution x (t) approaches which of
the following values as t " 3 ?
(A) 0 (B) 5
2
(C) 5 (D) 10
Sol. 46 Hence (B) is correct option.
d2 x + 3dx + 2x (t) = 5
dt2 dt
Taking laplace transform on both sides of above equation.
s2 X (s) + 3sX (s) + 2X (s) = 5
s
X (s) = 5
s (s2 + 3s + 2)
From final value theorem
lim x (t) = lim X (s)
t"3 s"0
= lim s 5
s"0 s (s2 + 3s + 2)
=5
2

2
Q. 47 The Laplace transform of a function f (t) is F (s) = 5s 2+ 23s + 6 as t " 3, f (t)
approaches s (s + 2s + 2)
(A) 3 (B) 5
(C) 17 (D) 3
2
By final value theorem
lim f (t) = lim s F (s)
t"3 s"0
(5s2 + 23s + 6)
= lim s
t
s"0
e
= 6 =3
s (s2 + 2s + 2)
Q. 48
2
.n
The Fourier series for the function f (x) = sin2 x is
(A) sin x + sin 2x
ng (B) 1 - cos 2x
(C) sin 2x + cos 2x
ri (D) 0.5 - 0.5 cos 2x
Sol. 48
ee
f (x) = sin2 x
in = 1 - cos 2x
2
/ n
g = 0.5 - 0.5 cos 2x
3
ye f (x) = A0 +
n=1
an cos nw0 x + bn sin nw0 x
f (x) = sin2 x is an even function so bn = 0
as A0 = 0.5
.E
- 0.5, n = 1
an = )
0 , otherwise
w w0 = 2p = 2p = 2
T0 T
Q. 49 w
If u (t) is the unit step and d (t) is the unit impulse function, the inverse z
w
-transform of F (z) = z +1 1 for k > 0 is
(A) (- 1) k d (k) (B) d (k) - (- 1) k
(C) (- 1) k u (k) (D) u (k) - (- 1) k
Z-transform F (z) = 1
z+1
= 1- z = 1- 1
z+1 1 + z- 1
k
so, f (k) = d (k) - (- 1)
Thus (- 1) k
Z 1
1 + z- 1
Q. 50 Two magnetic poles revolve around a stationary armature carrying two coil
(c1 - c1l , c2 - c2l ) as shown in the figure. Consider the instant when the poles are
in a position as shown. Identify the correct statement regarding the polarity of
the induced emf at this instant in coil sides c1 and c2 .

(A) 9 in c1 , no emf in c2
et
(B) 7 in c1 , no emf in c2
.n
(C) 9 in c2 , no emf in c1
ng
(D) 7 in c2 , no emf in c1
ri
e
e
Given that two magnetic pole revolve around a stationary armature.
n
At c1 the emf induced upward and no emf induced at c2 and c2l
Q. 51
When driven gi
A 50 kW dc shunt is loaded to draw rated armature current at any given speed.
n
(i) at half the rated speed by armature voltage control and
e
sy
(ii) at 1.5 times the rated speed by field control, the respective output powers
delivered by the motor are approximately.
a
(A) 25 kW in (i) and 75 kW in (ii)
.E
(B) 25 kW in (i) and 50 kW in (ii)
(C) 50 kW in (i) and 75 kW in (ii)
w
(D) 50 kW in (i) and 50 kW in (ii)
Sol. 51
w
w
Given A 50 kW DC shunt motor is loaded, then
at half the rated speed by armature voltage control
So
P\N
Pnew = 50 = 25 kW
2
At 1.5 time the rated speed by field control

P = constant
So
P = 50 kW

Q. 52 In relation to DC machines, match the following and choose the correct

combination
List-I List-II
Performance Variables Proportional to
P. Armature emf (E ) 1. Flux(f), speed (w) and
armature current (Ia)
Q. Developed torque (T ) 2. f and w only
R. Developed power (P ) 3. f and Ia only
4. Ia and w only
Codes:
et 5. Ia only
P Q
.n R
(A)
(B)
3
2
3
n
5g 1
4
(C) 3
ri5 4
e
(D) 2 3 1
Sol. 52
In DC motor
ne
gi E = PNf b Z l
A
or
en E = Kfwn
So
sy
Armature emf E depends upon f and w only.
a
and torque developed depends upon
.E
PZfIa
T =
2pA
w
So, torque(T ) is depends of f and Ia and developed power(P ) is depend of flux
w
f, speed w and armature current Ia .
Q. 53
w
In relation to the synchronous machines, which on of the following statements is
false ?
(A) In salient pole machines, the direct-axis synchronous reactance is greater
than the quadrature-axis synchronous reactance.
(B) The damper bars help the synchronous motor self start.
(C) Short circuit ratio is the ratio of the field current required to produces the
rated voltage on open circuit to the rated armature current.
(D) The V-cure of a synchronous motor represents the variation in the armature
current with field excitation, at a given output power.
In synchronous machine, when the armature terminal are shorted the field current
should first be decreased to zero before started the alternator.
In open circuit the synchronous machine runs at rated synchronous speed. The
field current is gradually increased in steps.
The short circuit ratio is the ratio of field current required to produced the rated
voltage on open to the rated armature current.

Q. 54 Under no load condition, if the applied voltage to an induction motor is reduced

from the rated voltage to half the rated value,
(A) the speed decreases and the stator current increases
(B) both the speed and the stator current decreases
(C) the speed and the stator current remain practically constant
(D) there is negligible change in the speed but the stator current decreases
Sol. 54 The Correct option is ( )
Q. 55
et
A three-phase cage induction motor is started by direct-on-line (DOL) switching
.n
at the rated voltage. If the starting current drawn is 6 times the full load
current, and the full load slip is 4%, then ratio of the starting developed torque
g
to the full load torque is approximately equal to
n
(A) 0.24
(C) 2.40
ri (B) 1.44
(D) 6.00
Sol. 55
ee
in
Given a three-phase cage induction motor is started by direct on line switching at
rated voltage. The starting current drawn is 6 time the full load current.
So
ng
Full load slip = 4%
ye TSt ISt 2
bTFl l = b I Fl l # S Fl
as = (6) 2 # 0.04 = 1.44

In a single phase induction motor driving a fan load, the reason for having a
.E
Q. 56
high resistance rotor is to achieve
(A) low starting torque (B) quick acceleration
w
(C) high efficiency (D) reduced size
Sol. 56 w
Given single-phase induction motor driving a fan load, the resistance rotor is high
So
w Eb = V - Ia Ra ...(1)
a Pmech = Ea Ia
t = Pmech ...(2)
wm
From equation (1) and (2) the high resistance of rotor then the motor achieves
quick acceleration and torque of starting is increase.
Q. 57 Determine the correctness or otherwise of the following assertion[A] and the
reason[R]
Assertion [A] : Under V/f control of induction motor, the maximum value of
the developed torque remains constant over a wide range of speed in the sub-
synchronous region.
Reason [R] : The magnetic flux is maintained almost constant at the rated value
by keeping the ration V/f constant over the considered speed range.
(A) Both [A] and [R] are true and [R] is the correct reason for [A]
(B) Both [A] and [R] are true and but [R] is not the correct reason for [A]
(C) Both [A] and [R] are false
(D) [A] is true but [R] is false


Given V/f control of induction motor, the maximum developed torque remains
same
we have,
E = 4.44Kw ffT1
1
If the stator voltage drop is neglected the terminal voltage E1 . To avoid saturation
and to minimize losses motor is operated at rated airgap flux by varying terminal
voltage with frequency. So as to maintain (V/f ) ratio constant at the rated value,
the magnetic flux is maintained almost constant at the rated value which keeps
maximum torque constant.
Q. 58
et
The parameters of a transposed overhead transmission line are given as :
Self reactance XS = 0.4W/km and Mutual reactance Xm = 0.1W/km The positive
.n
sequence reactance X1 and zero sequence reactance X0 , respectively in W/km are
(A) 0.3, 0.2
(C) 0.5, 0.6
ng (B) 0.5, 0.2
(D) 0.3, 0.6
Sol. 58
ri
ee
Parameters of transposed overhead transmission line
XS = 0.4 W/km , Xm = 0.1 W/km
in
+ ve sequence reactance X1 = ?
ng
Zero sequence reactance X 0 = ?
We know for transposed overhead transmission line.
ye+ ve sequence component X1 = XS - Xm

= 0.4 - 0.1 = 0.3 W/km
as Zero sequence component X 0 = XS + 2Xm
.E
= 0.4 + 2 (0.1) = 0.6 W/km
Q. 59 At an industrial sub-station with a 4 MW load, a capacitor of 2 MVAR is
w
installed to maintain the load power factor at 0.97 lagging. If the capacitor goes
w
out of service, the load power factor becomes
(A) 0.85 (B) 1.00
Sol. 59
w
(C) 0.80 lag
(D) 0.90 lag
Industrial substation of 4 MW load = PL

QC = 2 MVAR for load p.f. = 0.97 lagging
If capacitor goes out of service than load p.f. = ?
cos f = 0.97
tan f = tan (cos- 1 0.97) = 0.25
QL - QC
= 0.25
PL
QL - 2
= 0.25 & QL = 3 MVAR
4
Q
f = tan- 1 c L m = tan- 1 b 3 l = 36c
PL 4
cos f = cos 36c = 0.8 lagging

Q. 60 The network shown in the given figure has impedances in p.u. as indicated. The
diagonal element Y22 of the bus admittance matrix YBUS of the network is
(A) - j19.8
(C) + j0.2 et (B) + j20.0
(D) - j19.95
.n
g
Sol. 60
Y22 = ?
in
I1 = V1 Y11 + (V1 - V2) Y12
er = 0.05V1 - j10 (V1 - V2) =- j9.95V1 + j10V2

I2 = (V2 - V1) Y21 + (V2 - V3) Y23
ne = j10V1 - j9.9V2 - j0.1V3
i
Y22 = Y11 + Y23 + Y2
=- j9.95 - j9.9 - 0.1j
ng =- j19.95
Q. 61
ye
A load centre is at an equidistant from the two thermal generating stations G1
and G2 as shown in the figure. The fuel cost characteristic of the generating
as
stations are given by
F1 = a + bP1 + cP12 Rs/hour
.E
F2 = a + bP2 + 2cP22 Rs/ hour
w
w
w
Where P1 and P2 are the generation in MW of G1 and G2 , respectively. For most
economic generation to meet 300 MW of load P1 and P2 respectively, are
(A) 150, 150 (B) 100, 200
(C) 200, 100 (D) 175, 125
F1 = a + bP1 + cP 12 Rs/hour
F2 = a + bP2 + 2cP 22 Rs/hour
For most economical operation
P1 + P2 = 300 MW then P1, P2 = ?
We know for most economical operation
2F1 = 2F2
2P1 2P2
2cP1 + b = 4cP2 + b
P1 = 2P2 ...(1)
P1 + P2 = 300 ...(2)
from eq (1) and (2)
P1 = 200 MW , P2 = 100 MW

Q. 62 Two networks are connected in cascade as shown in the figure. With usual
notations the equivalent A, B, C and D constants are obtained. Given that,
C = 0.025+45c, the value of Z2 is
(A) 10+30c W (B) 40+ - 45c W

(C) 1 W
et (D) 0 W
Sol. 62
.n
g
V1 A B V2
We know that ABCD parameters >I H = >C DH >I H
in
B = V1 , C = I1
1 1
er I2 V = 0
2
V1
V2 I = 0
2
In figure
ne C = Z1 + Z 2
V1 Z
= 1
Z2
or
gi Z2 = 1
Z1 + Z 2 # 2
C
en = 1
0.025+45c
= 40+ - 45c
Q. 63
sy
A generator with constant 1.0 p.u. terminal voltage supplies power through
a step-up transformer of 0.12 p.u. reactance and a double-circuit line to an
a
infinite bus bar as shown in the figure. The infinite bus voltage is maintained at
.E
1.0 p.u. Neglecting the resistances and suspectances of the system, the steady
state stability power limit of the system is 6.25 p.u. If one of the double-circuit
w
is tripped, then resulting steady state stability power limit in p.u. will be
w
w
(A) 12.5 p.u. (B) 3.125 p.u.
(C) 10.0 p.u. (D) 5.0 p.u.
Given
Steady state stability Power Limit = 6.25 pu

If one of double circuit is tripped than
Steady state stability power limit = ?
Pm1 = EV = 1 # 1 = 6.25
X 0.12 + X
2

1 = 6.25
0.12 + 0.5X
& X = 0.008 pu
If one of double circuit tripped than
Pm2 = EV = 1 # 1 = 1
X 0.12 + X 0.12 + 0.08
Pm2 = 1 = 5 pu
0.2
t
Q. 64 The simultaneous application of signals x (t) and y (t) to the horizontal and
e
vertical plates, respectively, of an oscilloscope, produces a vertical figure-of-8
display. If P and Q are constants and x (t) = P sin (4t + 30c), then y (t) is equal
to
.n
(A) Q sin (4t - 30c)
ng (B) Q sin (2t + 15c)
i
(C) Q sin (8t + 60c) (D) Q sin (4t + 30c)
Sol. 64
er
We can obtain the frequency ratio as following
ne
gi
en
sy
a fY
=
meeting points of horizontal tangents
.E
fX meeting points of vertical tangents
fY 2
=
w
fX 4
1
fY = fX
w 2
There should exist a phase difference(15c) also to produce exact figure of-8.
Q. 65
w
A DC ammeter has a resistance of 0.1 W and its current range is 0-100 A. If
the range is to be extended to 0-500 A, then meter required the following shunt
resistance
(A) 0.010 W (B) 0.011 W
(C) 0.025 W (D) 1.0 W
The configuration is shown below
It is given that Im = 100 A

Range is to be extended to 0 - 500 A,
I = 500 A
So,
Im Rm = (I - Im) Rsh
100 # 0.1 = (500 - 100) Rsh

Rsh = 100 # 0.1

400
= 0.025 W
Q. 66 The set-up in the figure is used to measure resistance R .The ammeter and
voltmeter resistances are 0.01W and 2000 W, respectively. Their readings
are 2 A and 180 V, respectively, giving a measured resistances of 90 W The
percentage error in the measurement is
et
.n
ng
(A) 2.25%
(B) 2.35%
ri
(C) 4.5%
ee
(D) 4.71%
in
Sol. 66
ng
e
The configuration is shown below
y
as
.E
w
Current in voltmeter is given by
w IV = E = 180 = .09 A
w 2000 2000
I + IV = 2 amp
So I = 2 - .09 = 1.91 V
R = E = 180 = 94.24 W
I 1.91
Ideally R 0 = 180 = 90 W
2
% error = R - R 0 # 100
R0
= 94.24 - 90 # 100
90
= 4.71%

Q. 67 A 1000 V DC supply has two 1-core cables as its positive and negative leads
: their insulation resistances to earth are 4 MW and 6 MW, respectively, as
shown in the figure. A voltmeter with resistance 50 kW is used to measure the
insulation of the cable. When connected between the positive core and earth,
then voltmeter reads
et
.n
(A) 8 V
ng (B) 16 V
(C) 24 V
ri (D) 40 V
Sol. 67
ee
The measurement system is shown below
in
ng
ye
as
Voltmeter reading
.E V =b 1000
6 MW + 50 kW z 4 MW l
(50 kW z 4 MW)
w = 1000 # .049
6 + .049
w = 8.10 V
Q. 68 w
Two wattmeters, which are connected to measure the total power on a
three-phase system supplying a balanced load, read 10.5 kW and - 2.5 kW,
respectively. The total power and the power factor, respectively, are
(A) 13.0 kW, 0.334 (B) 13.0 kW, 0.684
(C) 8.0 kW, 0.52 (D) 8.0 kW, 0.334
Total power P = P1 + P2
= 10.5 - 2.5
= 8 kW
Power factor = cos q
Where
q = tan- 1 ; 3 b P2 - P1 lE
P2 + P1
= tan- 1 : 3 # - 13D
8
=- 70.43c
Power factor = cos q = 0.334

Q. 69 The common emitter amplifier shown in the figure is biased using a 1 mA ideal
current source. The approximate base current value is
(A) 0 mA et (B) 10 mA
(C) 100 mA
.n (D) 1000 mA
Sol. 69
ng
ri
Since the transistor is operating in active region.
IE . bIB
ee IB = IE
b
in = mA = 10 mA
1
Q. 70
ng 100
Consider the inverting amplifier, using an ideal operational amplifier shown in
e
the figure. The designer wishes to realize the input resistance seen by the small-
sy
signal source to be as large as possible, while keeping the voltage gain between
- 10 and - 25 . The upper limit on RF is 1 MW. The value of R1 should be
a
.E
w
w
w
(A) Infinity
(C) 100 kW
(B) 1 MW
(D) 40 kW
Gain of the inverting amplifier is given by,
Av =- RF
R1
6
Av =- 1 # 10 , RF = 1 MW
R1
6
R1 =- 1 # 10 Av =- 10 to - 25 so value of R1
Av
6
R1 = 10 = 100 kW for Av =- 10
10
6
R1' = 10 = 40 kW for Av =- 25
25
R1 should be as large as possible so R1 = 100 kW

Q. 71 The typical frequency response of a two-stage direct coupled voltage amplifier is

as shown in figure
et
.n
ng
ri
Sol. 71
ee
Direct coupled amplifiers or DC-coupled amplifiers provides gain at dc or very
n
low frequency also.
i
Q. 72
shown
ng
In the given figure, if the input is a sinusoidal signal, the output will appear as
ye
as
.E
w
w
w

Since there is no feedback in the circuit and ideally op-amp has a very high value
of open loop gain, so it goes into saturation (ouput is either + V or - V ) for small
values of input.
The input is applied to negative terminal of op-amp, so in positive half cycle it
saturates to - V and in negative half cycle it goes to + V .

Q. 73 Select the circuit which will produce the given output Q for the input signals X1
and X2 given in the figure
et
.n
ng
ri
ee
in
Sol. 73 (check)
ng
e
From the given input output waveforms truth table for the circuit is drawn as
y
s
X1 X2 Q
a
1 0 1
0 0 1
.E0 1 0
In option (A), for X1 = 1, Q = 0 so it is eliminated.
w
In option (C), for X1 = 0, Q = 0 (always), so it is also eliminated.
w
In option (D), for X1 = 0, Q = 1, which does not match the truth table.
w
Only option (B) satisfies the truth table.
Q. 74 If X1 and X2 are the inputs to the circuit shown in the figure, the output Q is
(A) X1 + X2 (B) X1 : X2
(C) X1 : X2 (D) X1 : X2
In the given circuit NMOS Q1 and Q3 makes an inverter circuit. Q4 and Q5 are in

parallel works as an OR circuit and Q2 is an output inverter.

So output is
Q = X1 + X2 = X1 .X2
Q. 75 In the figure, as long as X1 = 1 and X2 = 1, the output Q remains
et
(A) at 1
.n
(C) at its initial value
(B) at 0
(D) unstable
Sol. 75
ng
ri
Let Q (t) is the present state then from the circuit,
ee
in
ng
ye
So, the next state is given by
Q (t + 1) = Q (t) (unstable)
Q. 76
as
The figure shows the voltage across a power semiconductor device and the
current through the device during a switching transitions. If the transition a
.E
turn ON transition or a turn OFF transition ? What is the energy lost during
the transition?
w
w
w
(A) Turn ON, VI (t1 + t2) (B) Turn OFF, VI (t1 + t2)
2
(C) Turn ON, VI (t1 + t2) (D) Turn OFF, VI (t1 + t2)
2
In Ideal condition we take voltage across the device is zero.
average power loss during switching = VI (t1 + t2) (turn ON)
2
Q. 77 An electronics switch S is required to block voltage of either polarity during its
OFF state as shown in the figure (a). This switch is required to conduct in only
one direction its ON state as shown in the figure (b)

Which of the following are valid realizations of the switch S?
et
.n
ng
ri
(A) Only P
ee (B) P and Q
(C) P and R
in (D) R and S
Sol. 77
ng
So in P thyristor blocks voltage in both polarities until gate is triggered and also
e
in R transistor along with diode can do same process.
y
Q. 78
as
The given figure shows a step-down chopper switched at 1 kHz with a duty
ratio D = 0.5 . The peak-peak ripple in the load current is close to
.E
w
w
w
(A) 10 A (B) 0.5 A
(C) 0.125 A (D) 0.25 A
Duty ratio a = 0.5
here T = 1 = 10- 3 sec
1 # 10- 3
Ta = L = 200 mH = 40 msec
R 5
(1 - e- aT/Ts) (1 - e- (1 - a) T/Ta)
Ripple = Vs = G
R 1 - e- T/Ts
(TI) max = Vs = 100

4fL 4 # 103 # 200 # 10- 3
= 0.125 A

Q. 79 An electric motor, developing a starting torque of 15 Nm, starts with a load

torque of 7 Nm on its shaft. If the acceleration at start is 2 rad/sec2 , the
moment of inertia of the system must be (neglecting viscous and coulomb
friction)
(A) 0.25 kg-m2 (B) 0.25 Nm2
(C) 4 kg-m2 (D) 4 Nm2
e
TL = 7 Nm
t
Tst = 15 Nm
.n
a = 2 rad/sec2
ng
T = Ia
so
ri
T = Tst - TL = 8 Nm
eeI = 8 = 4 kgm2
2
in
g
Consider a phase-controlled converter shown in the figure. The thyristor is fired
Q. 80
n
at an angle a in every positive half cycle of the input voltage. If the peak value
e
of the instantaneous output voltage equals 230 V, the firing angle a is close to
sy
a
.E
(A) 45c
w (B) 135c
w
(C) 90c (D) 83.6c
Sol. 80
w
We know that Vrms = 230 V
so, Vm = 230 # 2 V
If whether a 1 90c
Then Vpeak = Vm sin a = 230
230 2 sin a = 230
sin a = 1
2
angle a = 135c
Linked Answer Questions : Q.81 to Q.90 Carry Two Marks Each
Statement for Linked Answer Questions 81 and 82

A coil of inductance 10 H and resistance 40 W is connected as shown in the figure.
After the switch S has been in contact with point 1 for a very long time, it is
moved to point 2 at, t = 0 .

Q. 81 If, at t = 0+ , the voltage across the coil is 120 V, the value of resistance R is
(A) 0 W (B) 20 W
(C) 40 W (D) 60 W
Sol. 81
et
When the switch is at position 1, current in inductor is given as
.n
ng
ri
ee
iL (0-) = 120 = 2 A
20 + 40
in
At t = 0 , when switch is moved to position 1,inductor current does not change
g
simultaneously so
n
ye
as
.E iL (0+) = iL (0-)=2 A
w
Voltage across inductor at t = 0+
w vL (0+) = 120 V
w
By applying KVL in loop
120 = 2 (40 + R + 20)
120 = 120 + R
R = 0W
Q. 82 For the value as obtained in (a), the time taken for 95% of the stored energy to
be dissipated is close to
(A) 0.10 sec (B) 0.15 sec
(C) 0.50 sec (D) 1.0 sec
Sol. 82 Let stored energy and dissipated energy are E1 and E2 respectively. Then
Current
i 22 = E2 = 0.95
i 12 E1
i2 = 0.95 i1 = 0.97i1
Current at any time t, when the switch is in position (2) is given by
R 60
i (t) = i1 e- L t = 2e- 10 t = 2e- 6t

After 95% of energy dissipated current remaining in the circuit is

i = 2 - 2 # 0.97 = 0.05 A
So, 0.05 = 2e- 6t
t . 0.50 sec
et
A state variable system Xo (t) = =
0 1
0 -3 G
1
X (t) + = Gu (t) with the initial condition
0
T
.n
X (0) = [- 1, 3] and the unit step input u (t) has
Q. 83
ng
The state transition matrix
i
- 3t
1 3 (1 - e
1
) 1 1
(e- t - e- 3t)
(A) = G (B) > H
r
3
- 3t
0 e 0 e- t
(C) >
1
0
1
3 (e
ee
3-t
e- 3t
- e- 3t)
H (D) >
1
0
(1 - e- t)
e- t
H
Sol. 83
in
Given state equation.
ng o (t) = >0 1 H X (t) + >1H u (t)

X
0 -3 0
Here
ye A =>
0 1
H
1
,B = > H
as 0 -3
State transition matrix is given by,
0
.E f (t) = L- 1 [(sI - A) - 1]
w s 0
[sI - A] = > H - >
0 1
0 - 3H
w 0 s
w =>
s -1
0 s + 3H
[sI - A] - 1 = 1 >s + 3 1H
s (s + 3) 0 s
R V
S1 1 W
s s (s + 3)W
= SS 1 W
S0 (s + 3) W
T X
f (t) = L- 1 [(sI - A) - 1]
1 1
(1 - e-3t)
=> 3
H
0 e-3t
Q. 84 The state transition equation
t - e-t 1 - e-t
(A) X (t) = = - t G (B) X (t) = = - 3t G
e 3e
t - e 3t t - e - 3t
(C) X (t) = = - 3t G (D) X (t) = = - t G
3e e

Sol. 84 State transition equation is given by

X (s) = F (s) X (0) + F (s) BU (s)
Here F (s) " state transition matrix
R V
S1 1 W
s s (s + 3)W
F (s) = SS 1 W
S0 (s + 3) W
X (0) " initial conditionT X
-1
X (0) = > H
3
B => H
et1
0
.
R
n
S1 1 W
V R1
S 1 VW
So
g
X (s) = SS
n
s s (s + 3)W - 1 Ss (s + 3) s W 1 1
1 W> 3 H + S 1 W>0H s
i
0
S (s + 3) W 0
S s+3 W
er RT 1
S- +
X V
3 W
s s (s + 3)W
T
1
X
W >0H s
+ s 1
ne =S
S 0+ 3
S s+3 W
gi TR
S- 1 W
= S 3 W + >s2 H
s+3
V
1
X
en S
S s+3 W
W 0
sy X (s) = Ss
TR X V
S 12 - 1 W
s + 3W
a S 3 W
.E
S s+3 W
T X
Taking inverse Laplace transform, we get state transition equation as,
w t - e- 3t
X (t) = > - 3t H
w 3e
w
A 1000 kVA, 6.6 kV, 3-phase star connected cylindrical pole synchronous
generator has a synchronous reactance of 20 W. Neglect the armature resistance
and consider operation at full load and unity power factor.
Q. 85 The induced emf(line-to-line) is close to
(A) 5.5 kV (B) 7.26 kV
(C) 9.6 kV (D) 12.5 kV
Sol. 85 Given
P = 1000 kVA , 6.6 kV
Reactance = 20 W and neglecting the armature resistance at full load and unity
power factor
So
P = 3 VL IL

I = 1000 = 87.47 A
3 # 6. 6
So,
et
IX = 87.47 # 20 = 1.75 kV
.n
2
E ph = c 6.5 m + (1.75) 2
2
ng 3
E ph = c 6.5 m + (1.75) 2
2
ri 3
ee E ph = 4.2 kV
EL = 3 E ph a Star connection
in EL = 1.732 # 4.2
ng EL = 7.26 kV
Q. 86
ye
The power(or torque) angle is close to
as
(A) 13.9c
(C) 24.6c
(B) 18.3c
(D) 33.0c
Sol. 86
.E
Torque angle az = tan- 1 b Xs l
w Ra
w
w
az = tan- 1 c 3 # 1.75
6.6 m
az = 24.6c

At a 220 kV substation of a power system, it is given that the three-phase fault
level is 4000 MVA and single-line to ground fault level is 5000 MVA Neglecting
the resistance and the shunt suspectances of the system.
Q. 87 The positive sequence driving point reactance at the bus is
(A) 2.5 W (B) 4.033 W
(C) 5.5 W (D) 12.1 W

Sol. 87 Given data

Substation Level = 220 kV
3-f fault level = 4000 MVA
LG fault level = 5000 MVA
Positive sequence reactance:
Fault current I f = 4000
3 # 220
X1 = Vph /I f
220
= 3 = 220 # 220
et 4000
3 # 220
= 12.1 W
4000
.n
Q. 88
ng
The zero sequence driving point reactance at the bus is
(A) 2.2 W
(C) 18.18 W ri (B) 4.84 W
(D) 22.72 W
Sol. 88
ee
Zero sequence Reactance X 0 = ?
in If = 5000
ng 3 # 220
Ia1 = Ia2 = Ia0 =
If
3
= 5000
ye
X1 + X 2 + X 0 =
Vph
=
220 3 3 # 220
3
s
Ia1 5000
a
220 # 3 3
.E
X1 + X 2 + X 0 = 220 # 220 = 29.04 W
3 # 5000
X1 = X2 = 12.1 W
w X0 = 29.04 - 12.1 - 12.1
w = 4.84 W
w

Assume that the threshold voltage of the N-channel MOSFET shown in figure is
+ 0.75 V. The output characteristics of the MOSFET are also shown

Q. 89 The transconductance of the MOSFET is

(A) 0.75 ms (B) 1 ms
(C) 2 ms (D) 10 ms
Sol. 89 Trans-conductance of MOSFET is given by
gm = 2iD
=
et
2VGS
(2 - 1) mA
= 1 mS
.n (2 - 1) V
Q. 90
ng
The voltage gain of the amplifier is
(A) + 5
ri (B) - 7.5
Sol. 90
(C) + 10
ee (D) - 10
Voltage gain can be obtain by small signal equivalent circuit of given amplifier.
in
ng
ye
as vo =- gm vgs RD
So, .E vgs = vin

vo =- gm RD vin
w
Voltage gain Av = vo =- gm RD
vi
w =- (1 mS) (10 kW)
w =- 10

Answer Sheet
1. (C) 19. (B) 37. (C) 55. (B) 73. (B)
2. (A) 20. (A) 38. (C) 56. (B) 74. (D)
3. (D) 21. (C) 39. (B) 57. (A) 75. (D)
4. (B) 22. (A) 40. (C) 58. (D) 76. (A)
5. (D) 23. (A) 41. (D) 59. (C) 77. (C)
6. (C) 24. (C) 42. (B) 60. (D) 78. (C)
7.
8.
(A)
(A)
25.
26.
(D)
(C)
et43.
44.
(B)
(A)
61.
62.
(C)
(B)
79.
80.
(C)
(B)
9. (D) 27. (B)
.n 45. (C) 63. (D) 81. (A)
10. (D) 28. (A)
ng 46. (B) 64. (B) 82. (C)

11.
12.
(C)
(A)
29.
30.
(B)
r
(C)i 47.
48.
(A)
(D)
65.
66.
(C)
(D)
83.
84.
(A)
(C)
13. (D) 31.
ee
(C) 49. (B) 67. (A) 85. (B)
n
14. (B) 32. (A) 50. (A) 68. (D) 86. (C)
15. (A) 33.
gi (A) 51. (B) 69. (B) 87. (D)
n
16. (B) 34. (C) 52. (D) 70. (C) 88. (B)
17.
18.
(D)
(D)
35.
36.
ye (A)
(A)
53.
54.
(C)
(*)
71.
72.
(B)
(C)
89.
90.
(B)
(D)
as
.E
w
w
w

Ee 2005

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Q.1 - 30 Carry One Mark Each

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tan-1 (wp) =- 180c

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(C) x (t) = x0 e - 1/3 (D) x (t) = x0 e - 1

(C) X1 . X'2 >> XM

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Sol. 18 The Correct option is (D).

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Sol. 22 The Correct option is (A).

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Q.31 - 80 Carry Two Marks Each

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I B2 = I R2 + I y2 + 2IR Iy cos b 120c l

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(A) 0 A (B) 0.5 A

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(A) (2 V, 5 W) (B) (2 V, 7.5 W)

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Sol. 36 The Correct option is (A).

For the system to be stable, coefficient of characteristic equation should be of

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(A) - 1.0 (B) - 0.5

in E (s) = R (s) - Y (s)

ng Y (s) = :"R (s) - Y (s), 3 - R (s)D 2

ye Y (s) = R (s) ; 6 - 2 - Y (s) ; 6 E

(A) (- 0.25, j0) (B) (- 0.5, j0)

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w fPM = 60c = 180c + +G (jwg) H (jwg)

Where wg " gain cross over frequency = 1 rad/sec

= 90c + tan- 1 b 0.366 l - tan- 1 (1)

= 90c - 45c + tan- 1 b 0.366 l

15c = tan- 1 b 0.366 l

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er R5 - 2 2VX TRx VX RT0VX

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Sol. 44 Hence (A) is correct option.

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