Heat transfer

Anabgr
of
the flow of fluid
Transport
consider
in a pipe
moving layer
a fast
occurs from
momentum radially Newton's law of

to a show moving layer by

viscosity
y in

ddP
up
T e v da Cpu
momentum
Momentum Gradient of
Momentum
flux diffusivity
transfer from wall is governed
considering heat
Fourier's law
by K DI
q dr
pepD Kdp psst
pkg dq
9 d daCpept
Gradient of
Thermaldiffusivity
Heat flux heat energy
heat momentum transfer
in
Transport properties
eg eg
are given by Cmass in
turbulent
heat
Transportof
momentum
laws Since these
not follow this simple
medium does in turbulent regime
occur
called eddies
transport process ten d elements
Randomly moving tiny momentum heat mass
en

as carriers of
act
turbulent medium
turbulence high movementof
is
where intensity of
is responsible
for transport
exchange
eddies or eddy ocess in turbulent flow
Studying
transport
process
equation and equation
can be done by E representing eddy
terms like Em
adding heat
by of momentum
diffusivity
transport of momentum
Turbulent dqCpu Em
T

transport
of heat
Turbulent 40
Cate H da pept
q
wall R gives
written for
r
Equation
em dgIJ.yi_Tw IfpF

5Or.R
zteITmg
fddEf pT emT
Ud dimensionless velocity
fur
wall heat flux
and
r R for
Equation whiten
profile
wall temperature h Tw Tn
CpCpT Aw
at Ca
h i I I
dT to Tm
pop Catea
r R

I l
 Wall heat flux h wall heat transfer
qw a efficient

9 dimensionless temperature
temperature
fared
mean
Tn heat transfer
was
momentum
between assumptions that
Analogy Reynold's
on
at
quantified by velocity
temperatures
of dimensionless
i gradients
wall are equal
ii Em Cdt Ect

on this from equations

Based
h
ft Pcp Cat
Ca

2 U f Em
f
St
hdf
k E Re Pr
must

Reynold's Analogy
h_ E
prop
be used to determine
This equation can
factor is
coefficient if
friction
heat transfer
known
 Prandtl developed realistic pictureof turbulent transpose
heat transfer
with assumption that momentum
through eddy
exchange or eddytransport
occur diffusive transport
turbulent core and by
a
laminar sub layer
in related Stanton number
assumption
Prandtl
with this through the relation
fanning friction factor
and Prandtl Analogy
St
Pr D
H5fE when Pr
analogy
to Reynold's heat
This reduces experimental
suggested that by
Chilton Colburn be better represented
data could analogy by
r
transfer in Prandtl
denominator
replacing
St 43
Pr

Nui s
Pr
Re
Chilton Colburn
Nu
s
S fz Analogy
Re O Z

f O 046 Re
O 023 Re
from which j e