ACID AND

BASE

REPORT BY:
JOSHUA D. MOLLONA

REPORT FOR:
MRS. PERPETUA IGNACIO
WHAT IS AN ACID AND BASE?
• Acid, any substance that in water solution tastes sour, changes
the color of certain indicators (e.g., reddens blue litmus paper),
reacts with some metals (e.g., iron) to liberate hydrogen, reacts
with bases to form salts, and promotes certain chemical
reactions (acid catalysis). Examples of acids include the inorganic
substances known as the mineral acids—sulfuric, nitric,
hydrochloric, and phosphoric acids—and the
organic compounds belonging to the carboxylic acid, sulfonic
acid, and phenol groups. Such substances contain one or more
hydrogen atoms that, in solution, are released as positively
charged hydrogen ions (see Arrhenius theory).
• A base is a substance that can accept a hydrogen ion (H+) from
another substance. A chemical can accept a proton if it has
a negative charge, or if the molecule has an electronegative atom
like oxygen, nitrogen, or chlorine that is rich in electrons. Like
acids, some bases are strong and others are weak. The weak bases
are less likely to accept protons, while the strong bases quickly
take protons in solution or from other molecules. An acid is a
base's "chemical opposite". An acid is a substance that will
donate a hydrogen atom to the base.
• Bases have a pH greater than 7.0. Weak bases generally have a pH
value of 7–9 while strong bases have a pH value of 9–14.
SAMPLES COLOR ACID OR BASE

SHAMPOO RED TURNS BLUE BASE

BLUE TURNS BLUE

TOOTHPASTE BLUE TURNS RED ACID

RED TURNS BLUE

VINEGAR BLUE TURNS RED ACID

RED TURNS RED

SOFTDRINKS BLUE TURNS RED ACID

RED TURNS BLUE

SOAP OR DETERGENT RED TURNS BLUE BASE

LIQUID BLUE TURNS RED

DISTILLED WATER -------------------------------- NUETRAL

-
 SAMPLES COLOR ACID OR BASE
TAP WATER RED BASE
TURNS
BLUE
BLUE
TURNS
BLUE
COCONUT BLUE ACID
WATER TURNS
RED
RED
TURNS
RED
CALAMANSI BLUE ACID
TURNS
RED
 RED
TURNS
RED
SOYSAUCE BLUE ACID
TURNS
RED
RED
TURNS
RED
POWDER RED BASE
JUICE TURNS
BLUE
BLUE
TURNS
BLUE
SALT BLUE ACID
TURNS
RED
RED
TURNS
RED
 Answer the following
questions
• Which of the following is an acid and a
base?
 In the following samples, the acids
are toothpaste, vinegar, soft drinks,
coconut water, calamansi, soy sauce,
powder juice, and salt.
 How did you identified or determined
the acidic or basic substances?
 I identified or determined the acidic
or basic substances by using litmus
paper because if the blue litmus turns
red it is acidic, if the red litmus turns
blue it is basic.