Archdiocese of Lingayen - Dagupan Catholic Schools

ST. JOHN’S CATHEDRAL SCHOOL

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Dagupan City
Biology

COOKIE MITOSIS
REMEDIOS U. GOMEZ
SUBJECT TEACHER

Ghil Vincent C. Beguas December 15, 2016

XI- St. Gregory the Great

INTERFACE Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle in which a typical

cell spends most of its life. During this, the chromosomes,
which are made of heterochromatin and euchromatin, are
contained in the nucleus. It is the daily living or metabolic
phase of the cell, in which the cell obtains nutrients and
metabolizes them, grows, reads its DNA, and conducts
other normal cell functions. This phase was formerly called
the resting place. In the G1 part of the interphase the cell is
growing, so it is getting larger, it then enters into the S
phase or the synthesis phase. It's duplicating the entire
DNA. And then finally it goes into the G2 phase where the
cell continuous to grow. Some cells don’t go through this.
They can't copy themselves, like nerves and muscle cells.
And so they enter into what's called a G0 phase.
EARLY PROPHASE

Early during prophase, the first stage of mitosis, the

chromosomes become visible with a light microscope as
they condense (that is, as they shorten, coil, and thicken).

LATE PROPHASE

Also, a spindle apparatus (blue strands in the upper two

figures at left) begins to extend outward from each of the
two centrosomes. These star-like configurations, composed
of radiating microtubules, are also known as asters.

METAPHASE

During metaphase, spindle fibers (which are microtubules)

attach themselves to the centromere of each chromosome.
Specifically, the connection is to specialized regions called
kinetochores within the centromeres. Each chromatid has
one kinetochore. By the end of metaphase, all of the
chromosomes have moved to an imaginary plane, known as
metaphase plate, which lies on the equator of the cell.
EARLY & LATE ANAPHASE
During anaphase, the two sister chromatids of each
chromosome are pulled apart by the spindle and dragged by
their kinetochores toward opposite poles of the cell, that is,
toward the opposite centrosomes. The movement results
from a shortening of the spindle microtubules. Each
chromosome is pulled along by its centromere. Formally,
this phase begins when the duplicated centromeres of each
pair of sister chromatids separates, and the resulting
"daughter chromosomes" begin moving toward the poles.
As the separated chromosomes move away from each other
toward the poles, the cell elongates and the poles
themselves move further apart.

TELOPHASE

During telophase, the last stage of mitosis, the

chromosomes have reached the poles and they begin to
uncoil and become less condensed (reversing the process
that occurred during prophase). Two new nuclear envelopes
begin to form around each of the two separated sets of
replicated chromosomes. As decondensation of the
chromosomes proceeds, the nucleoli (which disappeared
during prophase) form once again. A nucleolus is a region
within a nucleus where ribosomes are assembled from
proteins and ribosomal RNA.

CYTOKINESIS At the same time, there is a division of the cytoplasm

(cytokinesis). In animal cells, a cleavage furrow — an
indentation around the equator of the cell — appears (see
photo left). By the end of telophase, the cell has divided in
two along the plane defined by the furrow. In terrestrial
plants, instead of a cleavage furrow, a flat cell plate forms
halfway between the two separated sets of chromosomes,
dividing the cell into two daughter cells (see figure at right).
Note that mitotic plant cells generally have a more
rectangular appearance than those of animals. Mitosis is
now over. The next stage of the cell cycle is interphase, in
which each of the chromatids produced during mitosis
replicates in preparation for another round of cell division.
Remember — interphase is not one of the stages of mitosis.