Report made by :- DEVARSH WALI

EV Market Penetration in India:-

As of December 2015, over 6,000 plug-in cars were

registered, consisting of 4,350 BEV (Battery electric
vehicle) cars and 1,660 PHEVs (Plug-in
hybrid electric vehicle). The Indian government has
FAME schemes and Lower GST on EVs to
encourage electric vehicles. Tata also launch
electric buses to Himachal Pradesh road Transport
Corporation. The Mahindra Reva e2o electric car
was introduced in March 2013. It operates on lithium
ion batteries with 100 km range for 4 hours of
charging. In 2016, a new car, the Mahindra e-Verito,
introduced a sedan class EV at a cost of 9 to 10 lakh
Indian rupees ex showroom. Revised and new
variants(P6, P8) of e2o, now called e2o plus offer
increased ranges of up to 140 km on full charge.
[Source: - Wikipedia]

Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s administration had

earlier expressed ambitions of achieving a target of
30 percent EVs by 2030. While cumulative global
sales of passenger electric vehicles likely surpassed
4 million last week, with China accounting for more
than a third since 2011, India sold an estimated
2,000 EVs last year (2017). EVs may account for
about 7 percent of sales in India by 2030, according
to Bloomberg NEF.

Source: https://www.bloombergquint.com/business/i
ndia-proposes-a-goal-of-15-electric-vehicles-in-five-
years

Mileage comparison of a Petrol Car and an EV:-

Maruti Suzuki Baleno (Petrol)

Fuel tank Capacity: 37L
Mileage: 21.4km/l
Mileage with full fuel tank is 791.8km (ideally) but
considering traffic conditions around 600km.
Cost of fuelling car fully (Prices considering of
Pune): Rs2,901.17

Mahindra e2oPlus
Mileage: 110km/full charge
The Mahindra e2o EV hatchback charges in 5 hours.
With Lead Acid batteries, 70% of the charging is
done in the first 40% of charging time. The rest is
the “topping up” stage of the charging process.
Cost of Charging car completely: - Rs300-500 for
full charge assuming selling at Rs. 1.5 per unit.
 Charging stations incorporate a number of
assemblies and controllers:-

 The power electronics assembly is the guts of a

charge station. Functionally, it supplies the power to
the EV’s onboard battery charger. Physically, it’s
made up of wires, capacitors, transformers and other
electronic parts.

 The charge controller serves as the “street smarts”

of the charge station. It oversees basic charge
functions, like turning a charger on/off, the metering
of power usage and the storing of key bits of real-
time and event data.

 The network controller provides the brains of the

charge station. It enables the station to
communicate with its network (via an on-board
telecommunications device) so that managers can
monitor it and review historical event data. It also
controls user access to a charging station through a
series of white (authorized) or black (unauthorized)
lists.
 The charge station cable and connector plug into the
target electric vehicle. These components provide
the conduit for a charge to be delivered.
Source: - http://meshaenergy.com/new-page-4
 Summary

The EV market is having a great potential in India

but the major reason why we haven’t heard about it
till now is the poor charging infrastructure of it in our
country (India). We are working on this solution of
providing a proper charging infrastructure in the
country so definitely it’s a promising market too. Now
I am going to answers some of the questions which I
felt comes into everyone’s mind when it comes to
charging EV through Solar Energy.
First, let’s compare DC charging and AC charging:-

DC Charging: -

1. Typically used for fast charging of electric

vehicles.

2. Direct Current/Power

3. Is constant
4. Stored in batteries of portable electronic
devices (e.g. mobile phones, electric vehicles)

AC Charging: -

1. Used for charging of electric vehicles at various

speeds.

2. Alternating Current/Power

3. Available on power grid

4. Can be transmitted economically over long

distances

5. Converted to DC by the car

Power always needs to be converted from AC to DC
when charging an electric vehicle, the technical
difference between AC charging and DC charging is
whether the power gets converted outside or inside
the vehicle.

DC charging

Fast chargers for electric vehicles make use of DC

charging; they convert the power before it enters the
vehicle. After conversion, the power goes directly
into the car battery, bypassing the car’s converter.
A DC installation requires a lot of power from the
grid (around 125 A). This makes its costs
(production, installation and operation) quite high,
resulting in higher tariffs for charging. However, as it
usually allows for much faster charging, it is the
preferred charging method to quickly recharge
during long-distance trips (for cars that support DC
charging).

AC charging

This is the most common charging method for

electric vehicles with a plug. When plugging an
electric vehicle into a normal charge point, the power
gets converted inside the vehicle and then moves
into the car battery. Charging speeds depend on the
output power of the charge point as well as the
convertor’s capabilities to convert the power to DC.

The required power for AC chargers ranges between

16A (3.7 kWh) and 63A (43 kWh).

This charging method is most suitable for parking

spots where the car will stay parked for 20 minutes
or longer. Due to its lower costs (production,
installation and operation) these are the more
commonly found chargers. Also, due to these lower
costs it is usually much cheaper to charge at AC
chargers, making them more popular for general day
to day charging.

Which one is better for my situation?

Now if you will ask me that which one is better, then

my answer would be that it depends on your priority,
if time is a constraint for you and you need to charge
your car faster (e.g. if you are on highways, etc.) for
long journeys then go for DC Charging otherwise if
you have time (e.g. if you are at a shopping complex
or somewhere like that) then definitely go for AC
Charging as it would save your money.

One more thing the price is high or not would

majorly depend on whether the power consumed
at the station is more or less so do take that in
mind. And a general tip: match the charging
capacity of your car with that of the charge point.
Now let’s talk about the charging speed of these
stations:-

There are three main types of EV charging –

rapid, fast, and slow. These represent the power
outputs (kW), and therefore charging speeds,
available to charge an EV.

Rapid chargers are one of two types – AC or DC

[Alternating or Direct Current]. Current Rapid AC
chargers are rated at 43 kW, while most Rapid DC
units are at least 50 kW. Both will charge the
majority of EVs to 80% in around 30-60 minutes
(depending a battery capacity). Tesla Superchargers
are also Rapid DC and charge at around 120 kW.
Rapid AC devices use a tethered Type 2 connector,
and Rapid DC chargers are fitted with a CCS,
CHAdeMO or Tesla Type 2.

Fast chargers include those which provide power

from 7 kW to 22 kW, which typically fully charge an
EV in 3-4 hours. Common fast connectors are a
tethered Type 1 or a Type 2 socket (via a connector
cable supplied with the vehicle).
Slow units (up to 3 kW) are best used for overnight
charging and usually take between 6 and 12 hours
for a pure-EV, or 2-4 hours for a PHEV. EVs charge
on slow devices using a cable which connects the
vehicle to a 3-pin or Type 2 socket.