RMA SYSTEMA.

Stances.

Basic stance has 2 training variants - with the hands up (“high frame”)

and with the hands down (“low frame”). Feet are put shoulder-width apart, knees are slightly bent,
back is straight. Chin is tucked down.
In high frame hands are up. Forearms and hands make a straight line. Tips of fingers are at the eyes
level. Elbows are tucked in close to protect the body. Hands divide clavicles into two equal parts.
In low frame hands hang freely. Hands are slightly turned inwards in such a way that thumbs and
index fingers are in touch with the outer side of thighs.
You can check your stance near a wall. Your toes, knees and nose have to be in touch with the plane
of the wall. In high frame your forearms and edges of hands are also in touch with the wall. In low
frame your shoulders, elbows and back of hands are in touch with the wall.

Warrior stance is similar to high frame stance with the exception of rotation of the body to right or
left. Thus we have right-side stance and left-side stance.

Winch
Again here is a situation when your wrist is gripped.
Defendant starts his action by executing simultaniously 3 movements.
• He draws opponent's right arm aside.
• He stretches his own right arm forward and puts it on opponent's neck.
• He moves his right leg backwards preparing to take a step back.

Rotating clockwise and bending knees defendant pulls opponent's neck downwards. At the same
time defendant raises opponent's right arm.

But where is the winch?

Here it is.

In this particular position opponent's spine is an axis of rotation. Opponent's right arm is considered
to be a level. To implement winch principle defendant has to fix opponent's head and rotate
opponent's right hand clockwise making him revolving around his spine.
Knee on knee unbalancing

We hashed out knee shift principle in

So we think that it is quite obvious how to implement knee on knee unbalancing. There are only 2
notes. Defendant's foot is placed on one side of opponent's foot (e.g. outside) but his knee goes to
opponent's another side (inside). Although this action is executed preliminary by defendant's knee
the trajectory of opponent's knee is the same as in examples descussed earlier.

Knee unbalancing

Knee shift is a very efficient action. It makes possible to overturn your opponent quickly and easily.
Here we show principle as itself.

At the first stage knee shift is trained with both hands just to understand the trajectory of
displacement. Initial position is as following:
Opponent's knee joint is pulled until it is over opponent's toe or a bit further:

Foot on knee unbalancing

We discussed knee shift principle as itself when we talked about. And we talked about modification
of this principle in ground fighting in.
Here we want to show how to execute this principle in more complicated way. But still knee shift
principle preserves it's efficiency.
You learned how to unbalance your opponent with both of your hands, then your have learned how
to do it with one hand only. Now it's time to learn how to unbalance your opponent with the help of
your foot.
Keeping in mind the trajectory of your opponent's knee displacement try reproducing it with the
movement of your foot.
This series of picture illustrates foot on knee unbalancing outside.
Next series of pictures illustrates foot on knee unbalancing inside.
Couple on head

Warning: this movement must be trained with extreme caution!

This action can be fulfiled (or it's better to say - must be fulfiled) at any time you can reach your
opponent's head.
In general force is applied to opponent's crown of the head and chin. In this example when
opponent is standing straight defendant puts his right hand on opponent's chin from below and his
right hand on opponent's crown from behind.
Then defendant simultaneously starts to move opponent's chin upwards and opponent's crown
downwards.

Defendant rotates opponent's head around the point which approximately is opponent's slull base.

When this movement is completely taken defendent changes direction of his forces. Now they are
applied to aside. Chin is pushed upwards and to the right and crown is moved downwards and to the
left (right and left of the picture).
Then direction of force is changed again. Now opponent 's chin is moved to the left and downwards
and crown is moved to the right and upwards.

Diagonal couple (shoulder/knee)

In this example force is applied to opponent's shoulder and opposite knee according to "couple"
principle. By using a twisting movement defendant loads opponent's weight to one of his legs. By
continuing this movement and elongating the level of opponent's shoulder defendant overturns the
opponent. As one of the opponent's support legs is removed and shoulder level is very long this
action is performed very easily.
Important note:
In real life there are rare situations when you can perform this movement in a "pure way". Here we
just show a principle for understanding how to off-balance your opponent.
Diagonal couple (shoulder/hip)

In this example force is applied to opponent's shoulder and opposite hip according to "couple"
principle. By using a twisting movement defendant loads opponent's weight to one of his legs. By
continuing this movement and bending his knees defendant overturns the opponent.
The key feature in this action is that it is executed not with the help of hands only but the
whole movement of defendant's body is transmitted to the body of his opponent.

Vertical couple

In this example force is applied to opponent’s waist and chest. Defendant’s forearms are in parallel
planes. Defendant’s left hand pushes opponent’s waist forward and upward. Defendant’s right hand
pushes opponent’s chest backwards and downwards. These two movements make it possible to
overturn opponent very easily.
Couple on hips

In this example force is applied to opponent's left and right hips according to "couple" principle. By
using a twisting movement defendant loads opponent's weight to one of his legs. By continuing this
movement and bending his knees defendant overturns the opponent.
The points of application of force are very close to the opponent's center of gravity. This practically
brings defendant's leverage gain to naught. Thus the defendant has to use maximum of his force in
comparison with LONG COUPLE ON SHOULDERS to fulfil the action. The key feature in this
action is that it is executed not with the help of hands only but the whole movement of defendant's
body is transmitted to the body of his opponent.

Short couple on shoulders

In this example force is applied to opponent's left and right shouder joints according to "couple"
principle. Defendant takes out every mobility of his opponent's spine. This twisting movement
makes it possible to load opponent's weight to one of his legs. By continuing this movement and
bending his knees defendant overturns the opponent.
If we compare this action with MEDIUM COUPLE ON SHOULDERS we'll see that used levers
are twice shorter. This time defendant has to compensate shortage of levers by shortening distance
between himself and the opponent.
Medium couple on shoulders

Example of usage of couple in martial art.

This action is similar to LONG COUPLE ON SHOULDERS. But now force is applied to elbows.
Opponent grabs defendant's elbows. Defendant makes 3 simultaneous movements. He steps aside
either forward or backwards, he grasps opponent's elbows from beneath and he stretches opponent's
arms apart. This time opponent's arms are stretched to the width of his upper arms. By bending his
knees and turning his body defendant transmits his movement to the opponent.
Opponent's stretched arms act as elongated levers but this time levers are twice shorter then in
LONG COUPLE ON SHOULDERS that's why defendant has to compensate shortage of these
levers by adjusting position of his own body.
Try to find out the main difference in executing these movements - LONG COUPLE ON
SHOULDERS (left) and MEDIUM COUPLE ON SHOULDERS (right):
2 wrists grip release 1.

On the picture you can see again a common situation when both of your wrists are gripped.
As we know already defendant's wrists are fixed but his hands are free to move. So we again can
use this to our advantage.
Defendant clenches his right fist and lays his left hand over his right hand.
After that defendant makes a step with his left foot forward and aside to the left.
Simultaneously with this action defendant moves his clenched hands under opponent's right forearm
to the left.
Here is defendant's position after his first step.

And here is position of hands.

Then defendant uses his right forearm as a lever (lowers his right elbow down and raises up his
right fist) helping himself with his left arm.

At the same time defendant moves his right foot backwards and to the left.

By moving his weight from left foot to his right foot defendant turns his body clockwise.
Simultaneously with this he rotates and opens his fists clockwise releasing his left forearm.

Defendant continues rotational movement of his body. This enables him to pull his opponent off.
Here is the final phase of this action. Defendant's hands are in high frame. This permits him to
control both arms of his opponent. Opponent's right foot is loaded so it is impossible for him to
attack with his legs. Defendant's left leg is unloaded so he can use it for subsequent actions.

2 wrists grip release 2.

On the picture you can see a common situation when both of your wrists are gripped. There are
many ways to release yourself but we shall consider a very interesting defendant's movement. This
movement is called "asterix" because defendant's forearms are used as gears.
Defendant's wrists are fixed but his hands are free to move. So he can use this to his advantage. He
moves his hands towards each other and puts them in such a way that the little finger of his left
hand is placed over opponent's wrist and little finger of his right hand is put over his (defendant's)
left wrist. This movement resembles washing hands movement. At the same time defendant steps
back with his right foot slightly rotating his body to the right.
You can see position of defendant's hands in the picture:

Now defendant starts to rotate his forearms simultaneously keeping contact points of his little
fingers. The key feature is to transmit rotational movement from the right forearm to the left
forearm as in an eccentric drive. i.e. there is no sliding between forearms.

Defendant controls both arms of his opponent with his left hand. Defendant's right hand is
pointed at the opponent. Defendant's left leg is unloaded. Such a position permits defendant to
counterattack very easily.
Wrist grip

This is a typical situation when your wrist is gripped. There are many ways to release yourself but
we shall consider defendant's action from mechanical point of view.
First of all we have to realize that defandant can use his forearm as a lever. Grasped wrist is a
fulcrum and forearm is an arm of a lever. Such an approach suggests that trajectory of defendant's
elbow should be downwards or upwards along the circle with its center in graspped wrist and with
the radius of the defendant forearm (to be more exact trajectory can be anywhere along semisphere
with the same center and the same radius but for now we talk about 2 variants - elbow down and
elbow up).
ELBOW DOWN
Defendant loads his weight to his elbow and moves his body down by bending his knees. As elbow
goes down hand is moved up. Here we also have 2 variants - with defendants's hand inside
opponent's forearm and outside opponent's forearm.

Simultaniously with moving his elbow down and bending his knees defendant rotates his hand
either anticlockwise (inside opponent's forearm) or clockwise (outside opponent's forearm).
Defendant's hand can be clenched or stretched as well. A key feture in this action is that it is done
not by the movement of the defendant's forearm only but mainly by movement of his body.
Let's have an intent look. Defendant and his opponent are of the same height. But at the ending
phase of these actions defendant seems to become lower.
The reason is that defendant didn't raise his hand but moved his body down.
ELBOW UP
This variant differs from the described above. Initial defendant's movement is raising his elbow
upwards. By doing this he lowers his hand. This makes possibble for the defendant to take a contact
point on his left thigh. This makes a rigid construction of a triangle.

By bending his knees defendant wedges out opponent's grip from his wrist. Again release from the
grip is made by movement of the defendant's body.

Wristlock

Wristlock come-along hold as shown in the picture comprises of two basic wristlocks. Opponent
uses left and right hands to apply downward pressure on the defendant's wrist. To gain more control
opponent sets defendant's right elbow in his own stomach. In addition opponent's left arm is placed
under defendant's right arm.
To escape this wristlock defendant has to strengthen his right arm by producing a support from
below with his left hand.
Then defendant makes a step with his right foot to aside and pivots around to dispose his right
elbow from fixed position. Simultaneously with this defendant puts his right hand in a straight line
with his right forearm.

Now the left elbow of the opponent is fixed by the right elbow of the defendant. Defendant simply
has to step backwards and opponent will lose his stability, e.g. he will fall down.

Figure-Four armlock

The hold shown in the picture is a common come-along hold. In Russia it is well-known as a
"militia" armlock because militia (Russian police) officers were tought to execute just this escort
position.
Force is applied to the forearm of the person being escorted. Any upward movement of the locked
forearm produces rotation of escorted person's upper arm. And this by-turn causes a very painful
effect in escorted person's shoulder joint.
To escape this come-along hold defendant has to prevent the displacement of his forearm.
Defendant can do it by grabbbing his right forearm or right elbow with his left hand as in the picture
(side view).

Then defendant presses tightly his arms to his back and draws himself up.

By doing this defendant executes an armlock on the arm of his opponent. Now defendent has only
to bend his knees to a sqatting positon and to let his opponent to fall dawn.

Armlock on straight arm

The come-along hold shown in the picture is used to control and move a person. To do this
opponent applies pressure on defendant's locked elbow in the direction it will not bend.
Defendant makes a step towards the opponent's far foot, lowers his trunk and rotates locked arm
inside. By this movement opponent's stability is disturbed. Opponent is forced to follow the
trajectory set by the movement of defendant's arm.

Counter to a front choke. Variant 1

The initial position is as shown in the picture.

The opponent has grabed your throat with both of his hands and he is trying to strangle you.
We shall consider some examples of how to defend yourself but the main idea in all of them is to
change angles of application of forces of your opponent.
Now here is Variant 1.
Defendant puts his left hand on the left wrist of the opponent.

Then defendant makes a step backwards. Simultaneously with this movement defendant twists
opponent's wrist counterclockwise and puts his own right hand on the opponent's elbow joint.
Then defendant continues rotational movement of his hands in opposite directions.

As opponent's joints (wrist joint and elbow joint) are being rotated in opposite directions opponent
experiences a great pain in them. Defendant adds extra force by bending his knees.

Defendant continues his movement until opponent is on the ground.

Counter to a front choke. Variant 2

The initial position is as shown in the picture.

The opponent has grabed your throat with both of his hands and he is trying to strangle you.
We shall consider some examples of how to defend yourself but the main idea in all of them is to
change angles of application of forces of your opponent.
Now here is Variant 2.
Defendant raises his hands inside opponent's arms. Defendant's right hand moves to opponent's left
hand, defendant's left hand moves towards opponent's face. Simultaneously with this movements
defendant makes a step backwards with his right foot.
Defendant draws himself up. At the same time he moves his hands in opposite directions - left arm
forward, right arm backward. This helps him to tear away opponent's left hand from his throat.

Defendant continues to move his hands in opposite directions throwing back opponent's head.

By bending his knees and rotating his trunk clockwise defendant disturbs opponent's balance.
Counter to a front choke. Variant 3

The initial position is as shown in the picture.

The opponent has grabed your throat with both of his hands and he is trying to strangle you.
We shall consider some examples of how to defend yourself but the main idea in all of them is to
change angles of application of forces of your opponent.
Now here is Variant 3.
Defendant raises his hands inside opponent's arms and makes a step forward.
Defendant bends opponent's elbows in outside direction and pushes them up.

And defendant is on the ground.

Counter to a front choke. Variant 4

The initial position is as shown in the picture.

The opponent has grabed your throat with both of his hands and he is trying to strangle you. We
shall consider some examples of how to defend yourself but the main idea in all of them is to
change angles of application of forces of your opponent.
Now here is Variant 4.
Key feature in this variant is that defendant's left hand moves along a circle trajectory.
Defendant makes a step backward with his right foot and raises his left hand inside opponent's arms.

Defendent continues his movements and stretches his left arm in such a way that his elbow is placed
over opponent's left elbow joint.

Defendant simultaneously bends his knees and pulls down his left arm. These movements break
stable structure of opponent's stance.

Then defendant draws himself up and raises his left arm. Now opponent's left arm is in locked
position. Opponent starts to lose his balance because of his reaction to pain in joints of his left arm.
Defendant continues rotatory movement of his left arm. Now his left hand moves downwards. This
movement throws opponent on the ground.
Counter to a front choke. Variant 5

The initial position is as shown in the picture.

The opponent has grabed your throat with both of his hands and he is trying to strangle you. We
shall consider some examples of how to defend yourself but the main idea in all of them is to
change angles of application of forces of your opponent.
Now here is Variant 5.
Defendant makes a step backwards with his right foot, simultaneously raises his left hand and grabs
opponent's left elbow from beneath.

Defendant steps backwards with his left foot and pulls opponent's left elbow downwards.

Defendant continues to move opponent's elbow downwards and at the same time grabs opponent's
right elbow from inside with his right hand.

Defendant fixes opponent's left elbow but pushes opponent's right elbow upwards.

Now defendant simply rotates opponent around the axis of his spine and overturns him on the
ground.
Basic counter to a rear choke

Now we are going to discuss counters to a rear choke.

The initial position is as shown in the picture.
The opponent has hooked from behind the bend of his right arm around your neck and he is trying
to strangle you.
There are many variants of rear chokes of course, but one of the main ideas to extract from them is
to off-balance your opponent to make him release your throat.
But before defendant executes off-balancing he has to clear his airway.
To do this defendant raises his right hand and grabs opponent's bicep.
Then defendant pulls opponent's bicep downwards by bending his knees and making a step aside.

This movement clears defendant's airway.

Then defendant draws himself up and pushes opponent's upper arm from beneath.

Defendant starts to bend forward. At this particular position opponent is on defendat's back.

Defendant bends further and pushes opponent's elbow to his own left side.
And now defendant lets opponent to fall dawn on the ground.

This is a basic counter movement to a rear choke. Additional vectors used while executing this
movement make it even easier to defend yourself from rear choke.

Counter to a rear choke. Variant 1

The initial position is as shown in the picture.

The opponent has hooked from behind the bend of his right arm around your neck and he is trying
to strangle you.
In Basic counter to a rear choke we discussed how to extract yourself from this choke with the help
of one hand.
Now we shall see how to make this release easier by using two hands. Beginning is just the same.
Defendant raises his right hand.

Then defendant grabs opponent's bicep and pulls it downwards by bending his knees and making a
step aside. As you remember these movements clear defendant's airway.
At the same time defendat raises his left hand.

Defendant sets his left hand against opponent's chin and pushes it upwards.

By applying two forces defendant rotates opponent and disturbs his balance.
Then defendant lets opponent to fall on the ground.

Counter to a rear choke. Variant 2

The initial position is as shown in the picture.

The opponent has hooked from behind the bend of his right arm around your neck and he is trying
to strangle you.
In Basic counter to a rear choke we discussed how to extract yourself from this choke with the help
of one hand.
This particular variant we are going to discuss is similar to Counter to a rear choke. Variant 1. The
forces applyed to opponent are the same but hands producing these forces are changed.
Defendant raises his left hand and grabs opponent's elbow.
Then defendant pulls opponent's elbow downwards by bending his knees and making a step aside.
As you remember these movements clear defendant's airway.
At the same time defendant stars to raise his right hand.

Defendant raises his right hand and grabs opponent's hair, ear or collar.

By applying two forces defendant rotates opponent and disturbs his balance.
Then defendant lets opponent to fall down on the ground.

Counter to a figure-four choke. Variant 1

A variation of a rear choke is shown in the picture.

Opponent draws his right arm in, maintaining pressure with the bicep and forearm on both sides of
the defendant's neck. At the same time opponent pushes defendant's head forward and down with
his left hand.
This figure-four choke allows to opponent to gain more leverage than the rear choke. And so it is
more difficult to defendant to extract himself from this choke.
Now we are going to discuss counter to figure-four choke based on Basic counter to a rear
choke movement.
Defendant starts his defence by clearing his airway. Defendant raises his right hand and grabs
opponent's bicep. Then he pulls it down and makes a step aside.

Defendant continues to bend his legs and at the same time raises his left hand in such a way that his
left shoulder joint gets to a hook formed by opponent's right forearm and left elbow joint.

Now defendant draws himself up pulling opponent's right elbow to his own left side and straching
and rotating his own left arm counterclockwise.

This complex movement makes defendat to loose his balance.

Counter to a figure-four choke. Variant 2

A variation of a rear choke is shown in the picture.

Opponent draws his right arm in, maintaining pressure with the bicep and forearm on both sides of
the defendant's neck. At the same time opponent pushes defendant's head forward and down with
his left hand.
This figure-four choke allows to opponent to gain more leverage than the rear choke. And so it is
more difficult to defendant to extract himself from this choke.
The aim of the initial movement of the defendant is to clear his airway.

Defendant raises his left hand and presses opponent's right forearm with his left one. At the same
time he makes a step forward with his right foot

Now defendant uses opponent's right elbow as a pivot point. Defendant applies down-directed force
to oponent's right forearm. He moves his left foot backwards simultaneously bending his body.

As opponent's right forearm is fixed to defendant's chest movement of defendant's

body produces painful effect in opponent's shoulder joint.

Defendant has escaped the danger of suffocation and now he is ready to continue his counterattack.
For example he can apply a Winch principle.
Counter to a standing full (double) Nelson

Technically it is not a choke. But as the opponent attacks from behide and his forces are applied to
defendant's head we desided to include counter to standing full (or double) Nelson hold in this
section.
Initial position is as shown in the picture.
Opponent slips both arms from behind and underneath the defendant's armpits and locks his hands
behind defendant's neck, pushing the defendant's head forward against his chest.
Defendant brings his hands up and locks them together at his forehead.

Then defendant starts to bring his elbows together. This movement helps to push his head
backwards. Simultaneously defendant bends his knees loading his weight to opponent's upper arms.
These 3 movements done simultaneously break Nelson hold.

Counter to a rear headlock

The initial position is as shown in the picture.

Opponent has approached defendant from the rear and has put his left arm around defendant's neck,
has bent defendant forward and locked defendant's head against his hip.
Depending on the initial position defendant makes one or two steps forward to be as close to the
opponent's body as possible.
Then defendant straightens his legs and draws himself up to his full height. By doing this defendant
lifts opponent in the air.

Since opponent has no support and he is simply hanging on the defendant's neck it is very easy to
throw him down. Defendant bends to the right and spins opponent by his right hip.

Now defendant lets opponent to fall down to the ground.

Counter to a front headlock

The initial position is as shown in the picture.

Opponent has approached defendant from the front and has put his left arm around defendant's
neck, has bent defendant forward and locked defendant's head against his hip.
Depending on the initial position defendant makes one or two steps forward to be as close to the
opponent's body as possible.
Then defendant straightens his legs and draws himself up to his full height. By doing this defendant
lifts opponent in the air. At the same time defendant grabs opponent's arms.

Since opponent has no support it is very easy to throw him down. Defendant rotates himself a little
to the left to gain accelearation.

Then defendant bends abruptly to the right pushing opponent's right arm and pulling his left one.
Now opponent is on the ground.

And defendant makes a final kick.

Basic counter to a front leglock

The initial position is as shown in the picture.

Such position can happen when opponent wants to grab defendant's legs and make a throw. This is
quite a common situation if opponent has wrestling experience.
To counteract the attempt of throw defendant has to lower his centre of gravity by bending his
knees. Simultaneously with this movement defendant makes a step back with his right foot. To be
more exact defendant puts his right foot on its toe.

Then defendant uses his right toe as a pivot point and rotates his right knee clockwise. By doing this
defendant pulls opponent by his left elbow joint.

Now defendant lifts opponent's right elbow joint by raising his own left knee. This is a variation of
a COUPLE PRINCIPLE applied to opponent's elbows but it is executed with the help of knees.

So opponent is being rotated around axis of his spine and falls on the ground. By moving his leg
down defendant makes a final kick.

Counter to a front leglock. Variant 1

The initial position is as shown in the picture.

Such position can happen when opponent wants to grab defendant's legs and make a throw. This is
quite a common situation if opponent has wrestling experience.
To counteract the attempt of throw defendant has to lower his centre of gravity by bending his
knees. Simultaneously with this movement defendant makes a step back with his right foot. This is
just the beginning of a BASIC COUNTER TO A FRONT LEGLOCK.
BASIC COUNTER TO A FRONT LEGLOCK was done by the movements of legs only. Now we
are going to use arms. And it's quite simply enough because opponent's head is located at the level
of defendant's right hand.
Defendant slightly bends forward and grabs opponent's chin with his right hand.

Then defendants draws himself up rotating opponent's head by the level of chin.

Now defendant makes a step to the left pushing opponent's head down.
And defendant lets opponent to fall on the ground.

Counter to a front leglock. Variant 2

The initial position is as shown in the picture.

Such position can happen when opponent wants to grab defendant's legs and make a throw. This is
quite a common situation if opponent has wrestling experience.
To counteract the attempt of throw defendant has to lower his centre of gravity by bending his
knees. Simultaneously with this movement defendant makes a step back with his right foot. This is
just the beginning of a BASIC COUNTER TO A FRONT LEGLOCK.
BASIC COUNTER TO A FRONT LEGLOCK was done by the movements of legs only.
In 1ST VARIANT OF COUNTER TO A FRONT LEGLOCK we discussed how defendant can use
his right arm. Now we are going to add work of left arm.
Defendant slightly bends forward and grabs opponent's chin with his right hand and sets his left
elbow against opponent's spine.

Now defendant can use both of his hands according to COUPLE PRINCIPLE, i.e. defendant pulls
opponent head upwards with his right hand and presses down opponent's back with his left elbow.

By these complex movements opponent is drawn up very easily.

Now defendant makes a step to the left pushing opponent's head down.

And defendant lets opponent to fall on the ground.

Counter to a rear leglock

The initial position is as shown in the picture.

Such position can happen when opponent wants to grab defendant's legs from behind and make a
throw. This is quite a common situation if opponent has wrestling experience.
To counteract the attempt of throw defendant has to lower his centre of gravity by bending his
knees. Simultaneously with this movement defendant makes a step forward with his right foot, puts
his right hand on the top of the opponent's head and grabs his chin with left hand.

While applying pressure on the top of the opponent's head defendant draws himself up rotating
opponent's head by the chin.

Then defendant continues his movement by making step aside with his left foot and letting
opponent to fall on the ground.
Counter to a trunk hug

The initial position is as shown in the picture.

Such position can happen when opponent grabs defendant's body underneath defendant's arms with
intention to make a throw. This is quite a common situation if opponent has wrestling experience.
This situation is not of a great danger for defendant because his arms and legs are not fixed, i.e. his
mobility remains practically intact. To counteract the attempt of a throw defendant has to lower his
centre of gravity by bending his knees. Simultaneously with this movement defendant makes a step
back with his right foot fixing opponent's left upperarm from above with his own right upperarm.

Now defendant pivots opponent on his left foot by pulling him by his left upperarm and pushing
his right hip with his own left hand. As you see this is just one more variation of a COUPLE
PRINCIPLE.

Opponent founds himself on the ground with his left arm locked.

Counter to a front bear hug

The initial position is as shown in the picture.

Such position can happen when opponent approaches from the front and puts both of his arms
around the defendant's body trapping defendant's arms to the sides with intention to make a throw.
This is quite a common situation if opponent has wrestling experience.
This situation is more complecated for defendant then TRUNK HUG because defendanr's
upperarms are fixed. Now we show how defendant can use the same "couple principle" as in
COUNTER TO A TRUNK HUG to counteract the attempt of a throw. Defendant lowers his centre
of gravity by bending his knees. Simultaneously with this movement defendant makes a step to
aside with his right foot fixing opponent's left knee with his own right hand.

Now defendant pivots opponent on his left foot by pulling his left knee down and pushing his right
armpit upwards with his own left upperarm.

Defendant continues this rotational movement letting opponent to fall down.

Counter to a rear bear hug

The initial position is as shown in the picture.

Such position can happen when opponent approaches from the rear and puts both of his arms
around the defendant's body trapping defendant's arms to the sides with intention to make a throw.
This is quite a common situation if opponent has wrestling experience.
Defendant makes step to his right side, puts his hands on his thighs and bends his knees. This
movement is an execution of a triangle construction made with defendant's arms. This rigid triangle
constraction makes possible to wedge out opponent's arms, so defendant gets enough space for his
further movements.

Defendant raises his right hand to fix opponent's right forearm and straightens his own left arm.
Defendant draws himself up. Simultaneously with his movement defendant rotates his body
counterclockwise pulling defendant's right forearm to his left and pushing opponent's left
upperarm up and backwards with his own straightened left arm.

This complex movement is forceful enough to break opponent's hug and to set him to an unstable
position.

.
Defendant lets opponent to fall down.
Hand on knee unbalancing

There is a great number of books where you can find recommendations on how to defend yourself
when being on the ground. But they concern mainly situation when you lie on the ground and your
opponent is on top of you.
But we are going to deal with the situation which is more common in real life fighting - when you
are lying knocked down on the ground and your opponent is kicking you.
In this episode we consider situation when opponent attacks you from your right side with his right
leg. Just like in the picture below.

In this particular situation the only part of the body of your opponent that you can reach is the knee
of his support leg. So we can use this to our advantage according to Knee unbalancing principle.
Your position is changed since now you are lying on your back and you can reach your opponent's
knee with only one hand but the unbalancing movement is the same. In the series of pictures below
you can see unbalancing your opponent outside.
In the next series of pictures you can see unbalancing your opponent inside.
As you noticed the opponent was just standing. Now you have to train this action with your
opponent kicking you. The key feature is to start movement of your hand at the very moment the
opponent puts his left foot on the ground. That is the right moment to start you defence.

When the opponent raises his right foot your hand must be near his left knee to unbalance him
outside ...
or inside.

Plane to far leg

We are going to discuss another situation when you are lying knocked down on the ground and
your opponent is kicking you. In HAND ON KNEE UNBALANCING we considered situation
when defendant can reach knee of opponent's support leg.
Now opponent attacks you from your right side with his left leg. Just like in the picture on the left.
Defendant has no possibility to forestall opponent's attack by unbalancing opponent's support leg.
So defendant is going to apply another principle - PRINCIPLE OF PLANE.
In a nutshell this principle can be demonstrated as following.
Defendant stretches out his right arm in such a way that it is placed parallel to the trajectory of
opponent's kicking leg.
Then defendant rotates his right arm outwards to change trajectory of kick.

Opponent continues his kicking movement but without possibility to contact the defendant's body.

Now let's consider defense by making plane with two arms.

Opponent is ready to kick with his left foot.
Defendant stretches out both of his arms ready to meet opponent's shin.

Defendant gets contact with opponent's shin ...

and deflects its trajectory.

Opponent's left foot has over flown defendant's body. Opponent's position is very unstable.
Defendant pushes down opponent's left knee and raises opponent's right thigh.

Opponent continues his further movement, i.e. falls on the ground.

Plane by leg

Now we are going to discuss one more situation of ground fighting. This time opponent kicks
defendant from the side of defendant's legs. Distance is long enough for defendant to use his arms.
So defendant uses his legs according to PRINCIPLE OF PLANE.
Opponent attacks defendant with his right leg. Just like in the picture on the left.
Defendant stretches out his right leg parallel to the trajectory of opponent's kicking leg.

Defendant gets contact with the side part of opponent's shin ...
and follows its movement.

Then defendant rotates his right leg outwards to change trajectory of kick.

At the very moment opponent puts his right foot on the ground defendant counterattacks opponent's
support leg.
Opponent's weight is on his left leg. So defendant turns opponent on the ground very easily just
with one push.
Basic counter to punch. Variant 1

The initial position is as shown in the picture. Attacker is ready to execute punch with his rear hand.
This is a very powerful strike designed to inflict maximum damage on the defendant.
Distance between fighters is very short so it is practically impossible for defendant to block the
punch or to move aside. So defendant has to get the punch but in a specific way.
At the moment attacker's right fist touches defendant's chest, defendant moves his right shoulder
backward. At the same time defendant slightly moves his pelvis to the left and bends his left knee.

Defendant's chest forms a plane on which attacker's right arm slides forward.

Defendant returns his body to initial position while attacker stops his punch as he has missed the
target.

Basic counter to punch. Variant 2

The initial position is as shown in the picture. Attacker is ready to execute punch with his rear hand.
This is a very powerful strike designed to inflict maximum damage on the defendant.
Distance between fighters is very short so it is practically impossible for defendant to block the
punch or to move aside. Defendant gets the punch in a way discussed in Basic Counter to Punch.
Variant 1.
At this variant beginning is just the same. At the moment attacker's right fist touches defendant's
chest, defendant moves his right shoulder backward. At the same time defendant slightly moves his
pelvis to the left and bends his left knee.
Defendant's chest forms a plane on which attacker's right arm slides forward.

Now defendant pushes his body forward rotating his torso counterclockwise and moving weight of
his own body to his right leg.

This complicated movement results in attacker's throwing off.

Counter to punch. Lead hand to high frame.

The initial position is as shown in the picture. Attacker is ready to execute punch with his rear hand.
This is a very powerful strike designed to inflict maximum damage on the defendant.
Defendant starts to move simultaneously with the attacker. Defendant raises his left hand, shifts
weight of his body to the left and moves his right foot backwards.

Defendant moves the weight of his body from left leg to his right leg and raises his left hand to a
vertical position.
Counter to punch. Rear hand to high frame.

The initial position is as shown in the picture. Attacker is ready to execute punch with his rear hand.
This is a very powerful strike designed to inflict maximum damage on the defendant.
Defendant starts to move simultaneously with the attacker. Defendant raises his right hand, shifts
weight of his body to the left and moves his right foot backwards.

Defendant rotates his body clockwise and moves the weight of his body from left leg to right leg.

Now defendant is in a high frame with his right hand.

Counter to stomacher. Lead hand to high frame.

The initial position is as shown in the picture. Attacker is ready to execute stomacher with his rear
hand. This is a very powerful strike designed to hit defendant's solar plexus or to cut down
defendant's breathing.
Defendant starts to move simultaneously with the attacker. Defendant raises his left hand and takes
the contact point with his straightened hand on the outer side of attacker's fist.

Defendant shifts weight of his body to the left and moves his right foot backwards while keeping
contacnt with attacker's right fist.
Defendant moves the weight of his body from left leg to his right leg and raises his left hand to a
vertical position.

Now defendant is in a standard position. Compare it (left picture) with the final position shown in
Counter to strike. Lead hand to hight frame (right picture).
Counter to high hook

The high hook is a powerful punch that is executed close in and it is designed to knock out the
defendant.
The initial position is as shown in the picture. This is a training variant when defendant's arms are in
a low frame position just to make this movement more visible.
When attacker starts his punch defendant slides his right foot backwards, raises his left arm and
takes contact point from beneath of attacker's right hand.

Defendant continues upraising movement of his left hand redirecting attacker's punch upwards.

As the plane of the punch was changed attacker misses his target.
Counter to front strike. Plane by rear leg

Initial position is as show in the picture.

Attacker executes the front kick with the rear leg. Kick is aimed to the defendant's below waist area.

Defendant just rotates his pelvis counterclockwise moving his right thigh to the outer side of
attacker's right leg.
Defendant gets a contact point with attacker's leg on his own thigh and deflects it outwards.

As attacker misses the defendant he continues to move forwards. Defendant just lets attacker's leg
slide down. This sliding movement makes attacker to turn his body in such a way that his back is
exposed to the defendant.
Counter to front kick. Plane by lead leg

Initial position is as shown in the picture.

Attacker executes the front kick with the rear leg. Kick is aimed to the defendant's
below waist area.
Defendant starts movement of his right foot simultaneously with the movement of
attacker's striking foot.

Defendant rotates his body clockwise, puts his right heel down and raises his left
thigh.
Defendant slides his left foot forward deflecting attacker's leg to aside and forming a
slope on which attacker's leg will be sliding.

Attacker misses the target and slides forward exposing his back to defendant.

Counter to front kick. Plane by both hands.

Initial position is as shown in the picture.

Attacker executes the front kick with the rear leg. Kick is aimed into the defendant's below waist
area.
To protect himself defendant slightly bends forward, extends his left hand and takes a contact point
on the outer side of the attacker's shin.
Defendant deflects attacker's leg to aside and stretches his own right hand.

Defendant's right arm continues to deflect the attacker's striking leg and returns to its initial
position.

Now defendant lets attacker's leg to slide down.

Counter to low shin kick

The initial position is as shown in the picture.

Opponent is going to execute a low shin kick with his rear leg aimed to the outer side of defendant's
knee. The shin kick is a powerful kick and is hard to defend against.
Since it is difficult for defendant to reach attacker's leg with his hands defendant's movement will
be done by his right leg only.
At the very moment when attacker's leg contacts defendant's leg defendant starts to raise it up.

Then defendant raises his right heel producing a plane for attacker's leg.
Attacker's leg misses its target and continues to move under inertia. As defendant's right leg is
raised up defendant uses it to counterattack attacker's support leg by kicking it into the knee joint.

Attacker loses his balance and falls down.

Counter to middle shin kick

The initial position is as shown in the picture.

Opponent is going to execute a middle shin kick with his rear leg aimed to the outer side of
defendant's trunk. The shin kick is a powerful kick and is hard to defend against.
Since kick is aimed to the defendant's waist area it is easy for defendant to use his own arm to
execute a defense movement.
Defendant dampers attacker's kick by stepping aside, bending his knees and raising his own
forearm.

Defendant rotates his body counterclockwise and raises his upper arm trying to keep attacker's left
knee at the same level.
Attacker's left shin misses defendant's body. Then defendant pushes attacker's shin forward with his
own upper arm. This movement adds acceleration to attacker's shin.

So attacker can't keep his balance and falls forward exposing his back to defendant's counterattack.