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Do Your First PAge

I Kamal Preet Singh Saluja acknowledge sincere


devotion for valuable guidance provided to me in
Chemistry by my Chemistry teacher, “Miss. Anjubala
Madam”. Her suggestion and guidance provided me to
form this project. I am also thankful to Mr. N.L. Sharma
who was yet affective source of inspiration. I also
acknowledge to other staff members who directly or
indirectly contribute in my work. At last I take
opportunity to express my thanks & gratitude for all my
friends.

Name: Piyush Sokhi


Class: XI I Science
Roll No. : 11338

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Biodiesel refers to a non-
petroleum-based diesel
fuel consisting of short
chain alkyl (methyl or
ethyl) esters, made by
transesterification of
vegetable oil or animal fat
(tallow), which can be used
(alone, or blended with
conventional petrol diesel)
in unmodified diesel-engine
Vehicles. Biodiesel is distinguished from the straight-vegetable
oil (SVO) (sometimes referred to as “waste vegetable oil”
“WVO” “used vegetable oil” “UVO” “pure plant oil”, “PPO”)
used(alone, or blended) as fuels in some converted diesel
vehicles. Biodiesel is standardized as mono-alkyl ester and
other kinds of diesel-grade fuels of biological origin are not
included.

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Fuel-cells have power-generation
Applications that could utilize biodiesel. Biodiesel can be used in
backup systems where the substantial reduction in emissions
really matters: hospitals, schools, and other facilities usually
located in residential areas. It can also be used to supplement
solar power in off-the grid homes.

Fuel cell vehicles turn hydrogen fuel


and oxygen into electricity. The
electricity then powers an electric
motor, just like electricity from
batteries powers the motor of an
electric vehicle. Fuel cells
combine oxygen from the air with
Hydrogen from the vehicle's fuel tank to produce electricity. When
oxygen and hydrogen are combined they give off energy and water
(H2O). In fuel cells this is done without any burning (combustion).

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Biodiesel has been tested as potential cleaning agent for
shorelines contaminated with crude oil, and has been found to
increase the recovery of crude oil from artificial sand columns (i.e.
the beach). It’s also been used in commercial biosolvents shown to be
effective in coagulating crude oil and allowing it to be skimmed off the
surface of water.

All diesel fuels are


required to reduce their sulfur concentration from 500 ppm to 15 ppm.
Since sulfur provided most of the fuel’s lubricity, a substitute is
required to keep diesel engines functioning properly and avoid
premature injection pump wear (i.e. failure). Biodiesel naturally
has less than 15 ppm sulfur concentration anyway, and adding
just 1 to 2% biodiesel can restore the lubricity to diesel fuel.
Apart from these uses, biodiesel can be used in heating our homes,
cleaning up tools & grease, removing paint and adhesives, can
extend the life of catalytic converters, can be used as the best
alternative for the other fuels as it doesn’t produces toxic &harmful
substances as compared to other fuels.

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 Vegetable Oil
 Antifreeze (Methanol)
 Lye (NaOH)
 Blender
 Scales
 Plastic Containers
 Funnels
 Plastic Bottle with lid
 Duct Tape
 Thermometer

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Measure out 200 ml of antifreeze and put it in one
plastic container.
Add in lye so that the antifreeze is absorbed.
Cover container and mix well by shaking it. It is
mixed when it starts to feel warm and is foamy. The
mixture has now become sodium methoxide.
Blend 1 liter of vegetable oil with the sodium
methoxide in a blender for 20 minutes.
Pour mixture into a bottle and wait 8 hours until the
byproduct, glycerin, separates form the biodiesel. The
glycerin will be on the solid on the bottom.
Separate out the biodiesel by pouring into a glass
bottle.
Prepare a wash bottle by poking a small hole in the
corner of the bottle and covering it with duct tape.

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Wash the biodiesel by pouring it into the wash bottle
and adding in ½ a liter of water. Roll the bottle
around to mix it and then remove the duct tape and
drain the water.
Repeat the washing process until the biodiesel is clear.
This may need to be done numerous times over the
course of a week to complete the process. Store the
biodiesel in a glass container until ready to use.

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Jatropha
Seed

Oil Extraction Unit Oil Cake Manure

Lamp/ Jatropha curcas Detoxification Animal


Stoves Feed
Oil

Alcohol & Transesterification Crude Glycerol


Catalyst Reactor

Refined Glycerol
Crude Biodiesel

Soap/Candle

Water Washing Tank Washed water

Pure Biodiesel

Diesel Engine

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One of the major advantages is the fact that Bio Diesel is much
It can be used in exiting engines & fuel injection cleaner fuel than any
equipment (no modification required) without negative impact conventional fossil-
to operating performance.
fuel petroleum diesel

Virtually the same It burns up to 75%


MPG rating as petrol-diesel & the only alternative fuel for cleaner and reduces
heavyweight vehicles requiring no special unused hydrocarbons to
Dispensing & storage equipment. a larger extent than any
other petrol-diesel fuel.
Can be done at home
(Wasted veggie oil) & farms (virgin oils from seeds), being Sulphur dioxide
the only alternative fuel that can boost of a zero total
eliminations are
emissions production facility. By selling the
simultaneously produced glycerol, the cost of BD is eliminated.
basically the same cost of the oil used to make it.
Its exhaust is not
Readily blends & stays blended with Offensive & doesn’t cause
Petrol-diesel so it can be stored & dispensed wherever diesel eye irritation.
is stored or sold.

Biodiesel has a very


It adds no CO2 to the
High flash point (300⁰F) making it one of
Atmosphere.
the safest of all alternative fuels.

The only alternative fuel that can With slight variations,


Actually extend engine life because of its superior performance and fuel
lubricating & cleaning properties. The present economy with biodiesel is
“low Sulphur” diesel fuel is badly wearing the same with petrol-diesel.
injection pumps of not protected diesel engine.

Biodiesel fuel can generally be used in


existing oil heating systems and diesel engines
Without modification, and it can be distributed through existing diesel fuel pumps.
Biodiesel provides almost the same energy per gallon as petroleum diesel.

The use of biodiesel reduces the following emissions:


Carbon monoxide, ozone-forming hydrocarbons, hazardous diesel particulate,
acid rain-causing Sulphur dioxide, lifecycle and carbon dioxide.

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 Biodiesel is currently about one and a half times more expensive
than petroleum diesel fuel. Part of this cost is because the most
common source of oil is the soybean, which only is only 20% oil.
However, the costs of biodiesel can be reduced by making
biodiesel from recycled cooking oils rather than from new soy
beans, or by making it from plant matter with higher oil
content.

 It takes energy to produce biodiesel fuel from soy crops,


including the energy of sowing, fertilizing and harvesting.

 Biodiesel fuel can damage rubber hoses in some engines,


particularly in cars built before 1994. You should check with the
manufacturer before using biodiesel to see if you need to replace
any hoses or rubber seals.


Biodiesel cleans the dirt from the engine. This dirt then collects
in the fuel filter, which can clog it. Clogging occurs most often
when biodiesel is first used after a period of operation with
petroleum diesel, so filters should be changed after the first
several hours of biodiesel use.

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All the information is gathered from the internet.
Websites Referred:
http://www.icbse.com/
http://www.sciencedaily.com/
http://www.biodiesel.org/
http://www.gas2.org/
http://www.biofuelsdigest.com/
http://www.digg.com/

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