A direct flight in the aviation industry is any flight between two points by

an airline with no change in flight numbers, which includes one or

more stops at an intermediate point(s).[1] A stop may either be to get new
passengers (or allow some to disembark) or a technical stop over (i.e., for
refuelling). Direct flights are often confused with non-stop flights, which are
flights involving no intermediate stops.[2] When there is a change in flight
number, the subsequent flight is referred to as a connecting flight.
- traveling through (a place) en route to a destination. So instead of a
direct flight from Mumbai to Manchester, you will be transiting/stopping over at
another city before arriving at Manchester. The transit could be as short as 1hour or
as long as a day. You can check the ...
 Status: Resolved
  Connecting and change of plane means the thing, the flight number
change at the stop. Direct means you don't (usually) change planes at the
stop, and the flight number stays the same. Direct means you don't (usually)
change planes at the stop, and the flight number stays the same.

Ground staff duties

The job of ground staff is vast and varied. They have to perform various
works from commercial to technical handling for safe and steady departure
and arrival of an aircraft.
They work at airports to keep airplanes running efficiently. From
welcoming passengers to an aircraft’s take-off, airport ground staff and air
operations personnel play a crucial role in areas such as commercial
activities, airline operations and the running of airports.
Ground staff work's
Inside the airport terminal:
– Checking passengers in for flights
– Re-routing or re-booking passengers whose flights have been cancelled or
delayed
– Assisting disabled passengers or those travelling with young children
– Giving passengers up-to-date information on flights
– Assisting passengers with all enquiries, including lost or delayed baggage
– Assisting staff in carrying out security checks as and when the situation
arises
– Delivering high levels of customer service to passengers and those
travelling through the airport
Outside the airport terminal:
– Handling all the loading and uploading of passenger bags from the
aircraft
– Helping direct passengers on to and off the aircraft
– Directing landed aircraft to taxi spots
– Providing services such as steps from the aircraft for passengers and crew
to disembark the aircraft
Technical Role:
-Coordinating and managing staff around the aircraft during its stopover
-Draft and hand over the necessary documents for the flight to the aircraft
captain
-Preparation of the flight plan, fuel, weather condition and other important
information
-Management of take-off slots with air traffic organizations
-Management of the airline network
HISTORY MUMBAI AIRPORT

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport,

Mumbai (IATA: BOM, ICAO: VABB), formerly known as Sahar
International Airport, is the primary international airport serving
the Mumbai Metropolitan Area, India. It is the second busiest airport in the
country in terms of total and international passenger traffic after Delhi, and
was the 14th busiest airport in Asia and 29th busiest airport in the world by
passenger traffic in calendar year 2017.[5] Its passenger traffic was about
49.8 million in year 2018. The airport is the second busiest in the country in
terms of cargo traffic also. In March 2017, the airport
overtook London's Gatwick Airport as the world's busiest airport with only
one operational runway at a time.[6

RAF Santacruz was constructed in the 1930s.[19] It was a bigger airfield

than Juhu and was home to several RAF squadrons during World War
II from 1942 to 1947.[20]The Airport covered an area of about 1,500 acres
(610 ha) and initially had three runways.[21] The apron existed on the south
side of runway 09/27, and the area, referred to today as the "Old Airport",
houses, among others, maintenance hangars of Air India, Air Works India,
Indamer Aviation Pvt Ltd. and MIAL's General AviationTerminal.
By 1946, when the RAF began the process of handing over the airfield to
the Director General of Civil Aviation for Civil operations,[22] two old
abandoned hangars of the Royal Air Force had been converted into a
terminal for passenger traffic. One hangar was used as a domestic terminal
and the other for international traffic. It had counters for customs and
immigration checks on either side and a lounge in the centre. Air India
handled its passengers in its own terminal adjoining the two hangars.[21] In
its first year, it handled six civilian services a day.
Traffic at the airport increased after Karachi was partitioned to Pakistan and
as many as 40 daily domestic and foreign services operated by 1949,
prompting the Indian Government to develop the airport, equipping the
airport with a night landing system comprising a Radio range and a
modernised flare path lighting system[23] Construction of a new passenger
terminal and apron began in 1950 and was commissioned in
1958.[21] Named after the neighbourhood in which it stood and initially under
the aegis of the Public Works Department, the new airport was
subsequently run by the Ministry of Civil Aviation.
A major fire gutted the International section of the terminal building on 21
September 1979, killing three passengers and shutting down the airport. A
temporary departure extension or "Gulf Terminal" was made functional in
October that year until the terminal was repaired.[24]
With the dawning of the Jumbo Jet era in the 1970s, Santacruz, despite
several extensions, began suffering from insufficient operational capacity.
The Tata committee, set up in 1967 to examine the issues concerning the
airport, had recommended the construction of a new international terminal
to meet the requirements of traffic in the seventies. The Santa Cruz
terminal was to be used for domestic traffic alone. The International Airport
Authority of India (IAAI), which was set up in 1972, started planning the
construction of a new terminal building for handling international passenger
traffic, to be completed by 1981. Accordingly, construction of the new
International terminal at Sahar to the north-east of Santacruz in Andheri
was taken up at an estimated cost of ₹ 110 million.
AAI had been considering the modernisation of Mumbai airport in 1996
although the AAI board approved a modernisation proposal only in 2003.
By then, Mumbai and Delhi airports were handling 38% of the country's
aircraft movement and generating one third of all revenues earned by AAI.
At that time, Mumbai airport handled 13.3 million passengers, 60% of which
were domestic travellers. The airport faced severe congestion for both
aircraft and passengers as it was handling twice as many aircraft
movements per day than it was originally designed for. The bidding process
for its modernisation eventually began in May 2004 with the decision by the
Empowered Group of Ministers (EGoM) was announced in January
2006.[25]
A consortium of GVK Industries Ltd, Airports Company South Africa and
Bidvest,[12] won the bid to manage and operate CSIA. To accomplish this
task, Mumbai International Airport Private Limited (MIAL), a joint venture
between the consortium (74%) and the Airports Authority of India (26%)
was formed.[26] Since then, MIAL has made several improvements in the
aesthetics, design and passenger conveniences at CSIA including the
refurbishment of domestic terminals 1A & 1B, international terminals 2B &
2C and the opening of a brand new domestic terminal 1C and Terminal 2.
MIAL also undertook airside improvement projects such as the
commissioning of new taxiways, aprons and the reconstruction of both
runways.[13] In February 2008, MIAL entered into an agreement with Air
Transport IT specialist SITA that led to CSIA becoming the first airport in
India to Implement Common-use self-service Kiosks and CUTE (Common
Use Terminal Equipment) check-in systems.[27]

AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER

Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based air traffic
controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and through controlled airspace,
and can provide advisory services to aircraft in non-controlled airspace.
The primary purpose of ATC worldwide is to prevent collisions, organize
and expedite the flow of air traffic, and provide information and other
support for pilots.[1] In some countries, ATC plays a security or defensive
role, or is operated by the military.
To prevent collisions, ATC enforces traffic separation rules, which ensure
each aircraft maintains a minimum amount of empty space around it at all
times. Many aircraft also have collision avoidance systems, which provide
additional safety by warning pilots when other aircraft get too close.
In many countries, ATC provides services to all private, military, and
commercial aircraft operating within its airspace. Depending on the type of
flight and the class of airspace, ATC may issue instructions that pilots are
required to obey, or advisories (known as flight information in some
countries) that pilots may, at their discretion, disregard. The pilot in
command is the final authority for the safe operation of the aircraft and may,
in an emergency, deviate from ATC instructions to the extent required to
maintain safe operation of their aircraft.
The primary method of controlling the immediate airport environment is
visual observation from the airport control tower. The tower is a tall,
windowed structure located on the airport grounds. Air traffic controllers are
responsible for the separation and efficient movement of aircraft and
vehicles operating on the taxiways and runways of the airport itself, and
aircraft in the air near the airport, generally 5 to 10 nautical miles (9 to
18 km) depending on the airport procedures.