Student Book answers P8 Forces in balance

P8.1 Vectors and scalars

Question Answer Marks Guidance
number
1a size of quantity 1
1b scalar has magnitude only, vector has direction too 1
2 between 20 and 21 km 1
3 15 N 1
scale diagram with ratio B : A = 1.25 : 1 (= 12 N )
1
therefore arrow for B is 1.25 times the length of the arrow for A
4a depends on 48 N arrow length: e.g., 60 mm arrow → scale 10 mm ≡ 8.0 1
N
4b 36 N 1
ratio B : A = 0.75 : 1 (= 48 N ), arrow for B points downwards from
object along dashed line, arrow ∴ 0.75 times length of arrow for A

© Oxford University Press 2017 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 1
 Student Book answers P8 Forces in balance

P8.2 Forces between objects

Question Answer Marks Guidance
number
1a decelerates 1
1b force equal and opposite to force road exerts on each tyre 1
2a 50 N upwards 1
2b 200 N 1
3a forces equal in magnitude to each other and opposite in direction 1
because book presses on table and table exerts equal and opposite 1
force on book
3b forces vertically downwards but force of table on floor > force of book on 1
floor
because floor supports weight of table and book, table only supports 1
book
4a 500 N downwards 1
4b 500 N upwards 1
4c 500 N upwards 1

© Oxford University Press 2017 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 2
 Student Book answers P8 Forces in balance

P8.3 Resultant forces

Question Answer Marks Guidance
number
1 glider makes contact with track and stops moving along it, friction 2
between glider and track no longer absent when glider makes contact
with track so glider stops because friction opposes its motion
2a opposite in direction to velocity 1
2b zero 1
3a force of mud on car > force on car from tractor 1
3b 300 N 1
4a weight vector downward vertical arrow with non-arrow end on car mid- 1
way between wheels
4b support force vectors upward and vertical from point of contact of each 1
wheel on road

© Oxford University Press 2017 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 3
 Student Book answers P8 Forces in balance

P8.4 Moments at work

Question Answer Marks Guidance
number
1ai increased 1
1 a ii unchanged 1
1 a iii reduced to a quarter 1
1b 18 1
Nm 1
2a anticlockwise 1
2bi increased 1
2 b ii decreased 1
3a moment of applied force about pivot is greater the longer the handle, so 1
greater force exerted on nail
3b rust on hinge increases frictional forces in hinge, 1
so greater moment so more force must be applied to door to overcome 1
moment of frictional forces at hinge
4 72 N 1

© Oxford University Press 2017 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 4
 Student Book answers P8 Forces in balance

P8.5 More about levers and gears

Question Answer Marks Guidance
number
1 force applied to each handle of T bar acts at much greater distance 1
from axis of T bar than force of nut on T bar so force applied to nut
much > force applied to T bar,
as moment of forces applied to T bar must least = moment of nut on T 1
bar to turn nut
2 120 N 1
3 uphill, climb force of wheel on road > on flat road, 1
turning effect of chain on gear wheel opposed by turning effect of 1
frictional force of road on wheel,
if use larger gear wheel, turning effect of force of chain on gear wheel 1
increases so force of wheel on road increases
4 forces and fulcrum shown correctly, 1
correct direction of each force, 1
line of action of applied force 8 times further from line of action of cable 1
force

© Oxford University Press 2017 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 5
 Student Book answers P8 Forces in balance

P8.6 Centre of mass

Question Answer Marks Guidance
number
1a centre of mass is where two diagonal lines from corners cross 1
1b centre of mass found by drawing two diametric lines at right angles, 1
centre of mass is where the two lines cross
1c centre of mass is where two diagonal lines from corners cross 1
2 centre of mass of child then directly below midpoint M of points of 1
suspension of swing,
at this position, moment of child about M = 0 1
3 make hole in one corner of card and suspend from rod 1
use plumb line to draw vertical line on card from rod 1
repeat, hanging card from different corner 1
point where two lines meet is centre of mass 1
4 in a resultant force = 0 because basket at rest, 1
b magnitude of resultant force is non-zero and acts towards wall in 1
direction perpendicular to line between centre of mass and point of
suspension

© Oxford University Press 2017 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 6
 Student Book answers P8 Forces in balance

P8.7 Moments and equilibrium

Question Answer Marks Guidance
number
1ai 3.0 N 1
1 a ii 1.2 N 1
1b in both examples line of action of effort at greater perpendicular 1
distance from pivot than corresponding distance for load,
smaller effort ∴ gives equal and opposite moment about pivot to load’s 1
moment
2a Dawn 1
2b 340 N, 1.84 m 1
2c 450 1
Dawn needs to move 0.5 × 340 = 0.66 m towards pivot,
Dawn’s distance from pivot = 1.84 m 1
3 1.5 N 1
4 20 N 1

© Oxford University Press 2017 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 7
 Student Book answers P8 Forces in balance

P8.8 The parallelogram of forces

Question Answer Marks Guidance
number
1 Figure 6: 50 N vertically upwards 1
Figure 7: 500 N up the slope 1
2a 5.0 N at 37° to 4.0 N force 2
2b 6.1 N at 26° to 4.0 N force 2
2c 6.5 N at 28° to 4.0 N force 2
3 5400 N (to 2 s.f.) correct diagram 1
correct answer 1
4a diagram shows vertical line intersected at same point P by 2 upward 1
straight lines at 70° to vertical line
4bi weight vector as downward vertical arrow from P, scale shown and 1
arrow labelled ‘weight’
4 b ii resultant of two tension arrows is equal and opposite to weight vector, 1
resultant arrow ∴ vertically upwards from P and same length as weight
arrow,
completing parallelogram of forces gives length of the two tension 1
arrows,
using scale should then give 2.9 N for each tension 1

© Oxford University Press 2017 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 8
 Student Book answers P8 Forces in balance

P8.9 Resolution of forces

Question Answer Marks Guidance
number
1 690 N correct diagram 1
correct answer 1
2a 130 N (to 2 s.f.) correct diagram 1
correct answer 1
2b friction on bearings of trolley wheels makes trolley harder to push or 1
force exerted by student may not be parallel to slope
3 not enough friction on ladder at floor 1
so weight pulls ladder down 1
4a correct diagram 1
with parallel component = 25 N, 1
perpendicular component = 43 N 1
4b friction on box equal and opposite to parallel component of weight 1
(25 N)

© Oxford University Press 2017 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 9